This is a theoretical presentation describes the history of audit and assurance, definition, process of auditing, objectives, responsibilities, expectation gap, audit evidence and how to report the audit paper. This is mainly the vast knowledge about how an auditor performs audit and how the reporting of audit is done.
An exercise whose objective is to enable auditors to express an opinion on whether the financial statements give a true and fair view (or equivalent) of the entity’s affairs at the period end and of its profit or loss (or income and expenditure) for the period then ended and have been properly prepared in
accordance with the applicable reporting framework (e.g. relevant legislation and applicable accounting standards) or where statutory or other specific requirements prescribe the term, whether the financial statements “present fairly”.
An exercise whose objective is to enable auditors to express an opinion on whether the financial statements give a true and fair view (or equivalent) of the entity’s affairs at the period end and of its profit or loss (or income and expenditure) for the period then ended and have been properly prepared in
accordance with the applicable reporting framework (e.g. relevant legislation and applicable accounting standards) or where statutory or other specific requirements prescribe the term, whether the financial statements “present fairly”.
Audit Evidence is one of the International Standards on Auditing. -It serves to expect the auditor to obtain audit evidence from an appropriate mix of tests of control systems and substantive tests of transaction and balances.
This is a step by step plan of the auditing work to be performed, specifying the procedure to be followed in the verification of each item in the financial statements, and giving the estimated time required’.
This presentation explains about the meaning as well as various types of audit report which an auditor has present in his books of accounts for the sake of the company's shareholders and various other groups.
Audit Evidence is one of the International Standards on Auditing. -It serves to expect the auditor to obtain audit evidence from an appropriate mix of tests of control systems and substantive tests of transaction and balances.
This is a step by step plan of the auditing work to be performed, specifying the procedure to be followed in the verification of each item in the financial statements, and giving the estimated time required’.
This presentation explains about the meaning as well as various types of audit report which an auditor has present in his books of accounts for the sake of the company's shareholders and various other groups.
Audit is the process and Assurance is the product. Auditors go through the process of testing client’s financial reports (audit) in order to give the client the confidence that their report is what it seems to be (assurance).
The above is based on a business concept often referred to as “agency theory”.
The secondary agent (auditor) delivers assurance to the principal (shareholder) that the report (financial statements) provided by the primary agent (director) is what it appears to be (shows a true and fair view).
External audit is the name given to the formal audit process of auditing financial statements prepared by directors in order to give an opinion on the truth and fairness of those financial statements to shareholders. External audit is by far the most common form of audit but its objective is the same as the objective of any other audit service. The objective of external audit is assurance. The purpose of external audit is the delivery of confidence in financial statements to the shareholders.
BCom Auditing and Corporate Governance Notes-1.pdfMystatus4
In this Slides we have Provided BCom Auditing and Corporate Governance most important Questions and Answers with some important Points and notes which helps you to score good marks.
If you want more information regarding this topic then please visit our sites https://www.thetreasurenotes.in and https://www.proedunotes.in
magine that you are a senior auditor and your firm has been sele.docxLaticiaGrissomzz
magine that you are a senior auditor and your firm has been selected to audit a medium-sized company with a single location.
Provide an overview of the company.
Describe the four phases of an audit and discuss the key factors that would help you determine how to plan the audit for this company. Provide specific examples.
Determine both the relationship of risks in the planning of the audit and factors that influence those risks.
Speculate on which type of risk creates the most uncertainty for the auditor and recommend at least two ways to plan the audit to mitigate those risks. Provide specific examples.
Response:
Many companies choose to engage with internal and external auditors in the preparation of their year-end financial statements. However, the depth of the auditor’s investigation may vary depending on the type of engagement and the assertion level required. In a full audit engagement, the auditor conducts a complete and thorough investigation of the financial statements, including verifications of income sources and operating expenses. For example, the auditor may compare reported account receivables with receipts from actual customer orders. At the end of the engagement, the auditor will provide an opinion on the accuracy of the financial statements. A full audit engagement also provides investors, regulators, and other stakeholders with confidence in a corporation’s financial position. In a review engagement, an auditor only conducts limited examinations to ensure the plausibility of the financial statements. In contrast with an audit, the review engagement only assures that the financial statements are fairly stated, and no further examinations are conducted to verify the accuracy of the statements. Therefore, a review engagement does not provide the same level of confidence in the accuracy of the financial reporting relative to an audit. In a notice-to-reader engagement, the role of the auditor is solely to help a company compile its financial information into presentable financial statements. No further examinations are performed, and no opinions are expressed on the accuracy of the financial reporting. Notice to reader engagements is typically only utilized by small corporations without any obligations to external stakeholders. An audit can be an unpleasant surprise, or it can be a welcome opportunity to get your organization's affairs in order. While some audits – such as those performed by the IRS – come as a surprise, some companies hire independent outside auditors to conduct a planned audit. Regardless of the kind of audit in which a company is involved, the auditor will likely use the same four phases to perform the audit.
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With the help of 10-year data span from 2007 to 2017, we will find out the intrinsic value in a different method and will compare it to the current share price of Orion Pharma and find out whether it is overvalued or undervalued.
The structure of the slide is in the following way
1. Introduction
2. Company Overview
3. Findings
5. Analysis
6. Conclusion
The total valuation was done in the following way
1. Dividend Discounting Model
2. Operating Free Cash Flow Model
3. Relative Valuation
The analysis is done with
1. Fundamental Analysis
Consumers Are Showrooming and Webrooming Your Business, Here's What That Mean...Md. Mehadi Hassan Bappy
The total presentation is based on two pdf and discusses two different scenarios of e-commerce and the digitalization of the online market system.
The first pdf is
Consumers Are Showrooming and Webrooming Your Business, Here's What That Means and What You Can Do About It
The second pdf is
How AI is Streamlining Marketing and Sales
The pdf are described with proper survey statistics and relevant examples.
The standard 3 of the CFA (Certified Financial Analyst) is described in the following order
(Duties to Clients)
1. Standard iii (A)
2. Standard iii (B)
3. Standard iii (C)
4. Standard iii (D)
5. Standard iii (E)
All the topics are described based on the key points on the standard and then after each of the standards, the way to follow for compliance is also described.
Lastly, relevant examples are given under each section to make the readings more clear and understandable.
The structure of the slide is in the following way
1. Introduction
2. Company Overview
3. Findings
5. Analysis
6. Conclusion
The total valuation was done in the following way
1. Dividend Discounting Model
2. Operating Free Cash Flow Model
3. Relative Valuation
The analysis is done in two method
1. Fundamental Analysis
2. Technical Analysis
The presentation describes the reason for Venezuela Boliver crisis on a time series basis. year by year the incidents are described and also the steps are taken to resolve the crisis is also told in the slide. The impact of the crisis and the present condition also described briefly.
The role of public finance in Health, education, residence, poverty, women empowerment, technology, finance & banking, agriculture, export and import facility advancement in the rural area of Bangladesh through statistical and historical data.
Impact of Relevant Company Specific Factors on the Market Price of the Stock....Md. Mehadi Hassan Bappy
Taking several independent variables of some company and also calculating their impact on the dependent variable through regression, P value analysis. And also R square analysis, coefficient and direction of change analysis.
Introduction to the stock market in Bangladesh. Blue chip companies and the DSE30 index. characteristics, market cap, liquidity, financial viability, sector classification, base date, base value, selection of blue chip companies, algorithm, beta coefficient calculation of DSE30 are described as a whole.
This presentation gives the theoretical idea along with research objectives and questions to find out the vast results of the influence of motivation on the performance of employees. This is a research based presentation consist of questionnaire data analysis.
This presentation consist of the theoretical concepts of interest rate, economic growth, inflation, monetary policy, foreign flow of funds, budget deficit. And further data analysis is given based on 5 years monetary policy statement.
In thsi slide EOQ calculation, safety inventory, reorder point, lead time, ELS calculation, Incremental Analysis, ABC system analysis along with theoretical description and explanation is given about how inventories is managed in the electronic industries.
This presentation is based on the course of "Insurance and risk management." This presentation defines- 1. Products they offer 2. Their business support management 3. Facilities they provide 4. Internal control and risk management 5. Corporate and social responsibility 6. Global footprint 7. SWOT Analysis
This slide describe about the Variable costing of Managerial Accounting. This describes absorption costing and variable costing in detail with the help of various math. The theoretical description along with pros and cons is also given. Mathematical solution of income statement, product costing and other is also given in LIFO & FIFO method.
It describe about GDP and its components. Different branches of GDP and their components, also describing their difference and formula. Uses of GDP, arguments against GDP are discussed briefly.
The whole slide describe about the financial system and the components of financial system. the branches of the financial institutions. And describe about savings, investment, loanable fund market and the economic actions that change the loanable fund market's demand and supply curve, which change the economic structures.
Financial trend analysis is based on income statement and balance sheet of the company.
For the analysis i have taken the data of 2013-2015. and calculate the ratios and also describing them and comparing them by putting into graphs.
Measure of dispersion has two types Absolute measure and Graphical measure. There are other different types in there.
In this slide the discussed points are:
1. Dispersion & it's types
2. Definition
3. Use
4. Merits
5. Demerits
6. Formula & math
7. Graph and pictures
8. Real life application.
Stock market is one of the main part of capital market. if the stock market face crash or any other price fluctuation then it highly influence the country's economy. Stock market also influence the other markets and it brings a overall change in all the broad heads of the economy like
Input & Output of goods
Employment
International Exchange rate
Inflation/ Deflation.
In this slide the reasons and the overall impact is given precisely.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
3. The word audit is derived from a Latin word
"Audrie" which means "to hear". During the
medieval times when manual book-keeping was
prevalent, auditors in Britain used to hear the
accounts read out for them and checked that the
organization’s personnel were not negligent or
fake.
History of Audit
4. An audit is an objective inspection and evaluation of the
financial statements of an organization to make sure that
the records are a fair and accurate representation of the
transactions they claim to represent. It can be done
internally by employees of the organization, or externally
by an outside firm.
11. Primary Objective
⊡ Internal check or control system
⊡ Arithmetical accuracy of books of accounts
⊡ The authenticity and validity of transactions
⊡ Proper distinction between capital and revenue
⊡ Value of assets and liabilities
12. Secondary Objectives
Detection and prevention of errors
⊡ Errors of principle
⊡ Errors of omission
⊡ Errors of commission
⊡ Compensating errors
Detection and prevention of frauds
⊡ Misappropriation of cash
⊡ Misappropriation of goods
⊡ Manipulation of accounts or
falsification of accounts without
any misappropriation.
13. Secondary Objectives
Under or over valuation of stock
⊡ Normally such frauds are committed by the top level executives of
the business. So, the explanation is given to the auditor also remains
false. So, an auditor should detect such frauds using skill,
knowledge, and facts.
16. General Responsibility
To form an
independent
opinion on the
truth and
fairness of
accounts
To confirm that
Financial
Statements comply
with the applicable
sections of
Companies act 1994
17. Major Responsibility
According to Company Act
1994
Whether loans and advances made by the company have been secured and
whether the terms on which they have been made are not prejudicial to the
interests of the company or its members
1
Whether transactions of the company which are represented merely as
book-entries are prejudicial to the interests of the company
2
Where the company is not an investment company or a banking company,
whether so much of the assets of the company as consist of shares,
debentures and other securities, have been sold at a price less than at
which they were purchased by the company;
3
18. Major Responsibility
According to Company Act
1994
Whether loans and advances made by the company have been shown as
deposits4
Whether personal expenses have been charged to revenue account;5
If any shares have been allotted for cash, whether cash has actually been
received in respect of such allotment, and if no cash has actually been so
received, whether the position as stated in the account books and the
balance sheet is correct, regular and not misleading.
6
20. Responsibility Regarding Fraud
In this case they should take consideration of:
Where the company’s system is weak and how the management can penetrate
fraud.
The circumstances that could indicate earning management which leads to
fraudulent activities
The known internal and external factors that could lead to fraud
Any unusual behavior or changes in the management or employees
Management’s involvement in overseeing employees who have access to cash that
often leads to misappropriation.
22. What is Expectation Gap?
The gap between the expectation of the users of
assurance report & the firm’s responsibilities in
respect of those reports, is called expectation gap.
23. Some misunderstandings
of users
Holding Auditor
solely liable for
preparation of F/Ss
Wrong Perception
about major
responsibility of
Auditor
A Little Perception
about the concept
of Materiality
Taking Reasonable
Assurance as Absolute
Assurance
26. “Audit Evidence
Auditing is primarily concerned with the verification and
examination of the accounting data.
Auditing evidence is the information collected for review of a
company's financial transactions, internal control practices and
other factors necessary for the certification of financial statements
by an auditor or certified public accountant.
27. “Audit Report
An audit report is a written opinion of an auditor regarding an
entity's financial statements
28. Relevant matters- An auditor's report is ultimately intended to provide
reasonable assurance that there are no material errors within an
organization's financial statements. Auditors are required to report privately
to those charged with governance on various matters arising from the audit.
Auditor need to report some relevant matters to the authority. Those matters
include:
General approach
Significant risk and exposures
Audit adjustments
Material uncertainties
Significant disagreements
Expected modifications
Uncorrected misstatement
29. Assurance report - The ISRE (international Standard on Review Engagement)
says’ the review report should contain a clear written concept of negative
assurance. Based on the work performed, the auditor should assess whether
any information obtained during the review indicates that financial statement
does not give a true and fair view in accordance with the identified financial
reporting framework.
31. The wording of an audit report need to be modified in some
circumstances:
₪ Where the auditor wishes to highlight an issue, which is dealt with
intensive in a note to financial statements, but where the audit
opinion is not affected.
₪ Where there is an impact on the audit opinion.
Modified audit report