Estimate of 70% of analogue holdings never becoming digital; other information on cost-effective digitisation, digital preservation and a 4-part mantra for access: granularity, navigation, citation and annotation.

1. PrestoPrime: Digital Preservation of
Audiovisual Materials
Richard Wright, Preservation
Guide, London UK
preservation.guide@gmail.com

2. Introduction
• Catalonia
• Barcelona
• TV2
• Sra Alicia Conesa

3. Girona
• Museo del Cinema
• Museum of Jewish History
• The city itself !
Girona • History, preservation,
restoration, use of
information, use of archives,
use of audiovisual content ...

4. Overview of my Presentation
• The continuing problem for archived
film, video and audio content: how to
preserve the content that still sits on our
shelves.
• The solution is (mainly) digitisation
• Then – the problems with the solution:
– Digital content CAN be maintained
– Digital content IS affordable
– Tools and information from PrestoSPACE (and
elsewhere)

5. The Problem
• Large amounts of audiovisual content in formal
collections: TAPE: 20 million hours
• Presto: 50 million hours in Europe
• UNESCO: 200 million hours worldwide
• Presto (2001): 70% at risk
– Obsolescence, decay, damage
• The solution is digitisation (except film?)
– But time is running out
– And resources are inadequate

6. What will happen to content now
sitting on shelves
60 www.tape-online.net/survey.html
50
40
Digital
30
Digitised
20 Analogue
10
0
2006 2016 2026 2036

7. Digitise or disappear !
60
50
40
Digital
30
Digitised
20 Analogue
10
0
2006 2016 2026 2036

8. Obsolete formats become
unplayable, so can’t be counted
45
40
35
30
25 Digital
20 Digitised
15 Analogue
10
5
0
2006 2016 2026 2036

9. Summary
In 2036, 45% of 2006 holdings will be
digitised, if digitisation continues at 1.5% per
year.
Saving 7.2 million hours of digitised pre-2006
content; the other 8.8 million will be lost.
The loss won’t be noticed (by some) because of
28.8 million hours of new digital content, from
post 2006.
My prediction: 1% digitisation, not 1.5%

10. Austerity digitisation
(1% per anum)
60
50
40
Digital
30
Digitised
20 Analogue
10
0
2006 2016 2026 2036

11. Again, analogue disappears
40
35
30
25
Digital
20
Digitised
15 Analogue
10
5
0
2006 2016 2026 2036

12. Summary
• My prediction: digitisation at 1% per
year, because of loss of funding since 2008
• If digitisation proceeds at 1%, not 1.5%, then
4.8 million hours will be saved, 15.2 million
hours lost (out of the TAPE 16 million hours)
• For the global picture, just multiply by 10.

13. Film is exceptional !
35
30
25
20 Digital
Digitised
15
Analogue audio video
10 Film
5
0
2006 2016 2026 2036

14. Before PrestoSPACE
• Presto: efficient mass digitisation:
– The Preservation Factory (for broadcast archives)
• PrestoPrime: making information from
broadcdast archives available to all
– Better, Faster AND Cheaper digitisation
– Wiki: Preservation Guide
http://wiki.prestospace.org

15. Storage: Managing Migration
• Digital Preservation has a lot of technology
and proposed technology:

16. OAIS

17. PrestoPRIME mapping
• Metadata mapping tools for common sets of
audiovisual metadata:
– Dublin Core
– MPEG-7
– Europeana Data Model
– FESAD
– W3C MA
– EBU Core
• http://prestoprime.joanneum.at/

18. Preserving Files
• What are the problems?
– Obsolescence of file formats
• Encodings, wrappers
– Obsolescence of storage technology
• Hard discs last about 3 to 5 years
• Data tape: new generation every 2 years
– Cost:
• Academy of Motion Pictures (AMPAS) Digital Dilemma
• Swedish National Library (J Palm) Digital Black Hole

19. Preserving Files
• What are the solutions?
• Formats: PrestoSPACE model for format and
encoding management
• Storage: living with permanent migration
• Cost: exaggerated; digital is cheaper (for
audiovisual content)

20. Formats: PrestoSPACE Roadmap
(1) START HERE
Is the format a
(2) problem?
YES
Archive for a
few years NO
(3) (4)
(5c) What cost/quality/risk
option can you afford
Compress
lossy
(5b) (5a)
Compress Uncompress
lossless
END HERE

21. ... with emulation
START HERE
Is the format at
risk?
YES
Archive for a
few years NO
What cost/
quality/risk can
you afford?
Compress
lossy
Compress
Uncompress
lossless
Multivalent END HERE

22. PrestoPRIME Preservation Model
http://prestoprime.it-innovation.soton.ac.uk/

23. Cost
• PrestoSPACE online tools for comparing
estimated costs of various storage systems
and combinations of storage systems
• For example:
– What’s the difference – in cost and risk – between
two copies on disc, or one copy on disc and one
copy on tape?
– What does it cost and what is the risk reduction, if
file checking is done every six months instead of
once per year?

24. Cost models and tools
• Digital Preservation Tools from IT Innovation
http://prestoprime.it-innovation.soton.ac.uk/
• Modelling long-term retention and access
– Storage planning
– Simulation of storage systems over time
• Web service control of storage
• Service monitoring and management

25. Other PrestoSPACE technology
• A full digital repository following OAIS
• Quality control: analysis of video for
‘disruptions’
• Management of user-generated metadata
• A formal language for rights description – with
software for rights management automation
• Getting audiovisual content into Europeana

26. Access: four technical
requirements
• Granularity
• Navigation
• Reference / Citation
• Annotation

27. Granularity - division into
meaningful units
• Keyframes
• Other methods to represent video
• and audio:

28. Navigation
• "Click and play" on visual representation of
the meaningful units

29. Reference and Citation
• the core requirement for scholarly discourse
– along with a major change in attitude!
• Needs a permanent place for “things to be”
– Hence the need for stable audiovisual collections
“Hamlet, for example, is comparable to Saxo
Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum.[citation needed]
King Lear is based on King Leir in Historia Regum
Britanniae by Geoffrey of Monmouth, retold in
1587 by Raphael Holinshed.[citation needed] “
wikipedia

30. Annotation
• the core requirement for
social web = interactivity
• individual interacts with
content
• individuals interact with
other individuals

31. Access
Digital objects can walk
through walls (and
violate most other laws
of physics)
Unless access is denied –
interfering with a
miracle!

32. For More Information
PrestoSPACE: www.prestospace.eu
PrestoCentre: www.prestocentre.eu
Slides: www.slideshare.net/Richard19461/
or write to me:
preservation.guide@gmail.com
Thank you