Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder of the neurodevelopmental type.[9][10] It is characterized by problems paying attention, excessive activity, or difficulty controlling behavior which is not appropriate for a person's age.[1][2] The symptoms appear before a person is twelve years old, are present for more than six months, and cause problems in at least two settings (such as school, home, or recreational activities). children, problems paying attention may result in poor school performance

1. ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY
DISORDER

3. INTRODUCTION
 ADHD is one of the most common
neurobehavioral disorders of childhood .
Behavioural symptoms include inattentiveness,
hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Symptoms of
ADHD tend to be noticed at an early age and may
become more noticeable when a child's
circumstances change, such as when they start
school. Most cases are diagnosed when children are
6 to 12 years old.

6. LIVING WITH ADHD
 Looking after a child with ADHD can be challenging, but it's
Important to remember that they can't help their behaviour.
Some issues that may arise in day-to-day life include:
getting your child to sleep at night
getting ready for school on time
listening to and carrying out instructions
being organised
social occasions
shopping

8. TREATMENT
Treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) can help relieve the symptoms
and make the condition much less of a problem in
day-to-day life.
ADHD can be treated using medication or therapy,
but a combination of both is often best.
Treatment is usually arranged by a specialist, such
as a paediatrician or psychiatrist, although the
condition may be monitored by your GP.

10. ABSTRACTS AND METHODS

11. 1. Atomoxetine
.
 Objective. Atomoxetine is being studied as potential
treatment for ADHD. It is thought to act via blockade of
the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter in the brain.
 Methods. A total of 297 children and adolescents who were 8
to 18 years of age were randomized to atomoxetine dosed on a
weight-adjusted basis at 0.5 mg/kg/day, 1.2 mg/kg/day, or 1.8
mg/kg/day for an 8-week period. ADHD symptoms, affective
symptoms, and social and family functioning were assessed
using parent and investigator rating scales.

12. 2.Atomoxetine and Methylphenidate
Objective: To assess the comparability of atomoxetine,
a new therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) and methylphenidate.
 Method :Children with ADHD were randomized to
open-label atomoxetine or methylphenidate for 10
weeks. Response was assessed with the ADHD-IV
Rating Scale.

14. 3.Sleep Hygiene and Melatonin
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of sleep hygiene
and melatonin treatment for initial insomnia in children
with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Method: Twenty-seven stimulant-treated children (6-
14 years of age) with ADHD and initial insomnia (>60
minutes) received sleep hygiene intervention.
Nonresponders were randomized to a 30-day double-
blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of 5-mg
pharmaceutical-grade melatonin provided by the
studyapos;s sponsor.

15. 4.Homeopathic Treatment
Objective:To obtain scientific evidence of the
effectiveness of homeopathy in ADHD.
Method:A total of 83 children aged 6–16 years, with ADHD
diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders-IV criteria, were recruited. Prior to the randomised,
double blind, placebo controlled crossover study, they were treated
with individually prescribed homeopathic medications. 62 patients,
who achieved an improvement of 50% in the Conners’ Global
Index (CGI), participated in the trial. The responders were split into
two groups and received either verum for 6 weeks followed by
placebo for 6 weeks.

16. 5.Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation
Objective:Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory
properties and can alter central nervous system cell membrane
fluidity and phospholipid composition. Cell membrane fluidity can
alter serotonin and dopamine neurotransmission. The goal of this
meta-analysis was to examine the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid
supplementation in children with ADHD.
Method: PubMed was searched for randomized placebo-
controlled trials examining omega-3 fatty acid
supplementation in 699 children with ADHD
symptomatology. The primary outcome measurement was
standardized mean difference in rating scales of ADHD
severity. Secondary analyses were conducted to determine
the effects of dosing of different omega-3 fatty acids in
supplements.

17. RESULTS
 Both the drugs associated with improvement in inattentive and
hyperactive- impulsive symptom.
 Sleep hygiene and melatonin reduced initial insomnia .
 Cognitive performance such as visual global
perception,impulsivity and divided attention,had improved
significantly
 Small but significant improvement in the condition of ADHD
children.
 Social and family functioning was improved .

18. CONCLUSION
 ADHD though not a curable disorder it can be controlled by giving
proper medication. Stimulant Drugs like atomoxetine ,
methylphenidate can make the condition better , less impulsive, feel
calmer ,learn and practise new skills .

19. KEY WORDS
Neurobehavioural disorder
Inattention
Impulsivity
Hyperactivity
Incurable disorder
Stimulant drugs

20. REFERENCES
 Ahmann, PA, Waltonen, SJ, Olson, KA, Theye, FW, Van Erem, AJ, LaPlant,
RJ. Placebo-controlled evaluation of Ritalin side
effects. Pediatrics. 1993;91:1101–1106.PubMed
 Conners, CK, Sitarenios, G, Parker, JD, Epstein, JN. Revision and
restandardization of the Conners Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS-R): factor
structure, reliability, and criterion validity. J Abnorm Child
Psychol. 1998;26:279–291.Crossref | PubMed
 Conners, CK, Sitarenios, G, Parker, JD, Epstein, JN. The Revised Conners’
Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion
validity. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1998;26:257–268.Crossre| PubMed
 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders: DSM-III. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC; 1980.


21. THANKYOU
By: Ajith P
Joseph
Group: 6