This document provides an overview of international law and the Genocide Convention. It discusses the history of international law from the Peace of Westphalia to the establishment of the UN. Key norms discussed include sovereignty, non-intervention, non-use of force, and human rights protections. The document examines sources of international law and key principles of the UN Charter, including the purposes of the UN and rules regarding the use of force. It also summarizes the Genocide Convention and states that prevention of genocide is a duty of states under international law.
DEFINITIONS-Genocide-Crimes Against Humanity-War Crimes-Ethnic CleansingMYO AUNG Myanmar
http://knowledgenuts.com/2015/08/02/the-difference-between-ethnic-cleansing-and-genocide/
The Difference Between Ethnic Cleansing And Genocide
By Debra Kelly on Sunday, August 2, 2015
http://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1984&context=sulr
Expanding the Crime of Genocide to Include Ethnic
Cleansing: A Return to Established Principles in Light of
Contemporary Interpretations
https://www.menorahreview.org/article.aspx?id=63
Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide: Similarities and Differences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing
Ethnic cleansing
http://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/ethnic-cleansing.html
Ethnic Cleansing
http://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/genocide.html
Genocide
http://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/crimes-against-humanity.html
Crimes Against Humanity
https://www.academia.edu/30464193/The_Difference_between_Genocide_and_Ethnic_Cleansing
The Difference between Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/whats-the-difference-between-genocide-and-ethnic-cleansing
What’s the difference between genocide and ethnic cleansing?
https://www.cato.org/blog/ethnic-cleansing-vs-genocide-politics-behind-labeling-rohingya-crisis
Ethnic Cleansing vs. Genocide:
The Politics Behind Labeling the
Rohingya Crisis
http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/politics/difference-between-ethnic-cleansing-and-genocide/
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/difference-between-genocide-ethnic-cleansing-kagusthan-ariaratnam/
This presentation explain the horror of Genocide in the context of International law. It also marks the Muslim states suffering from Genocide since world war 2.
DEFINITIONS-Genocide-Crimes Against Humanity-War Crimes-Ethnic CleansingMYO AUNG Myanmar
http://knowledgenuts.com/2015/08/02/the-difference-between-ethnic-cleansing-and-genocide/
The Difference Between Ethnic Cleansing And Genocide
By Debra Kelly on Sunday, August 2, 2015
http://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1984&context=sulr
Expanding the Crime of Genocide to Include Ethnic
Cleansing: A Return to Established Principles in Light of
Contemporary Interpretations
https://www.menorahreview.org/article.aspx?id=63
Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide: Similarities and Differences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing
Ethnic cleansing
http://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/ethnic-cleansing.html
Ethnic Cleansing
http://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/genocide.html
Genocide
http://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/crimes-against-humanity.html
Crimes Against Humanity
https://www.academia.edu/30464193/The_Difference_between_Genocide_and_Ethnic_Cleansing
The Difference between Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/whats-the-difference-between-genocide-and-ethnic-cleansing
What’s the difference between genocide and ethnic cleansing?
https://www.cato.org/blog/ethnic-cleansing-vs-genocide-politics-behind-labeling-rohingya-crisis
Ethnic Cleansing vs. Genocide:
The Politics Behind Labeling the
Rohingya Crisis
http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/politics/difference-between-ethnic-cleansing-and-genocide/
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/difference-between-genocide-ethnic-cleansing-kagusthan-ariaratnam/
This presentation explain the horror of Genocide in the context of International law. It also marks the Muslim states suffering from Genocide since world war 2.
International Humanitarian Law Debate Championship 2016Terence Aaron
These are the motion, context and information slides for the International Humanitarian Law Debate Championship 2016.
Adjudication Core: Banun Sabri (IIUM/International Islamic University of Malaysia), Terence Aaron (UT MARA/University of Technology MARA) and Leeroy Ting Kah Sing (UM/ University of Malaya)
Dates: 9-11 December
If you have any questions on the slides, feel free to forward
UDHR and how it has impacted Indian Constitution and has been a constant inspiration for the judiciary to ensure the widest possible interpretation of constitutional provisions specifically those related to human and fundamental rights.
Masters thesis on the right of self-determination. The author argues that this right is applicable outside the colonial context. Even though outside the colonial context the internal aspect of this right should be emphasised, the author describes the limited conditions under which a people is entitled to external self-determination in the form of remedial secession.
Human rights have been defined by the United Nations as rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include to right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of expression, the right to work and education and others. Everyone is entitled to these rights without discrimination.
International Humanitarian Law Debate Championship 2016Terence Aaron
These are the motion, context and information slides for the International Humanitarian Law Debate Championship 2016.
Adjudication Core: Banun Sabri (IIUM/International Islamic University of Malaysia), Terence Aaron (UT MARA/University of Technology MARA) and Leeroy Ting Kah Sing (UM/ University of Malaya)
Dates: 9-11 December
If you have any questions on the slides, feel free to forward
UDHR and how it has impacted Indian Constitution and has been a constant inspiration for the judiciary to ensure the widest possible interpretation of constitutional provisions specifically those related to human and fundamental rights.
Masters thesis on the right of self-determination. The author argues that this right is applicable outside the colonial context. Even though outside the colonial context the internal aspect of this right should be emphasised, the author describes the limited conditions under which a people is entitled to external self-determination in the form of remedial secession.
Human rights have been defined by the United Nations as rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include to right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of expression, the right to work and education and others. Everyone is entitled to these rights without discrimination.
Its a features presentation. With lots of new techinical transization.......
.if u want to see these technique then visit - http://jaiyeshsidh.wix.com/jaiyeshsidh#!Powerpoint Presentation/c1cr4
International Legal protection of Human rights in armed conflicts.Christina Parmionova
In recent decades, armed conflict has blighted the lives of millions of civilians. Serious violations of international humanitarian and human
rights law are common in many armed conflicts. In certain circumstances, some of these violations may even constitute genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity.
In the past 20 years, Governments, rebels, politicians, diplomats, activists,
demonstrators and journalists have referred to international humanitarian
law and human rights in armed conflicts. They are regularly referred to
in United Nations Security Council resolutions, in United Nations Human
Rights Council discussions, in political pamphlets of opposition movements,
in reports of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), in the training of soldiers and in diplomatic discussions. International human rights law and international humanitarian law are now important parameters for many
military commanders, advised on the ground by lawyers. Finally, they
are often referred to by defence lawyers and prosecutors in international
and—to a still limited extent—domestic tribunals, and form the basis for
well-reasoned verdicts.
International human rights law and international humanitarian law share
the goal of preserving the dignity and humanity of all. Over the years, the
General Assembly, the Commission on Human Rights and, more recently,
the Human Rights Council have considered that, in armed conflict, parties to the conflict have legally binding obligations concerning the rights of
persons affected by the conflict. Although different in scope, international human rights law and international humanitarian law offer a series of protections to persons in armed conflict, whether civilians, persons who
are no longer participating directly in hostilities or active participants in the conflict. Indeed, as has been recognized, inter alia, by international and
regional courts, as well as by United Nations organs, treaty bodies and human rights special procedures, both bodies of law apply to situations of armed conflict and provide complementary and mutually reinforcing protection.
HWPL Newsletter 2016 March : Inside 3.14 Prolclamation Ceremony of the Declar...HWPL
- The 3rd HWPL International Law Peace Committee Meeting
- HWPL International Law Peace Committee Speaks on the Declaration of Peace and Cessation of War
- Proclamation Ceremony of the Declaration of Peace and Cessation of War
- Declaration of Peace and Cessation of War
- Press Conference
- The inauguration of the HWPL Peace Advocacy Committee
- Photo Gallery
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdfSaeed Al Dhaheri
This keynote was presented during the the 7th edition of the UAE Hackathon 2024. It highlights the role of AI and Generative AI in addressing government transformation to achieve zero government bureaucracy
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
This session provides a comprehensive overview of the latest updates to the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly known as the Uniform Guidance) outlined in the 2 CFR 200.
With a focus on the 2024 revisions issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), participants will gain insight into the key changes affecting federal grant recipients. The session will delve into critical regulatory updates, providing attendees with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and comply with the evolving landscape of federal grant management.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
- Develop strategies for effectively implementing the new guidelines within the grant management processes of their respective organizations, fostering efficiency and accountability in federal grant administration.
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
A process server is a authorized person for delivering legal documents, such as summons, complaints, subpoenas, and other court papers, to peoples involved in legal proceedings.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 37
International Law and the genocide convention - John Packer
1. International Law and theInternational Law and the
Genocide ConventionGenocide Convention
Third Professional Training Program onThird Professional Training Program on
the Prevention of Mass Atrocitiesthe Prevention of Mass Atrocities
OttawaOttawa
16 June 201516 June 2015
Professor John PackerProfessor John Packer
Director, Human Rights Research & Education CentreDirector, Human Rights Research & Education Centre
University of OttawaUniversity of Ottawa
2. HistoryHistory
Peace of Westphalia (1648)Peace of Westphalia (1648)
– Sovereign equality (of Princes)Sovereign equality (of Princes)
– Accommodation of religious communitiesAccommodation of religious communities
National sovereignty (19National sovereignty (19thth
century)century)
Nationalities principle (early 20Nationalities principle (early 20thth
century)century)
National self-determination (post WW I)National self-determination (post WW I)
– ““National minorities” protection regime ... limited / selectiveNational minorities” protection regime ... limited / selective
– Protection of injured, sick and civilians in time of warProtection of injured, sick and civilians in time of war
Protection of humanProtection of human rightsrights (post WW II)(post WW II)
[Protection of minorities and civilians post Cold[Protection of minorities and civilians post Cold
War]War]
4. Post-1945 LogicPost-1945 Logic
Equally sovereign StatesEqually sovereign States
comprisingcomprising
Equal human beingsEqual human beings
guaranteedguaranteed
Equal “human rights”Equal “human rights”
5. Key Norms andKey Norms and
StandardsStandards
Between StatesBetween States
1. Principle of Sovereign Equality1. Principle of Sovereign Equality
2. Principle of Non-Intervention2. Principle of Non-Intervention
3. Principle of Non-Use of Force3. Principle of Non-Use of Force
4. Principle of Collective Security4. Principle of Collective Security
5. Principle of Cooperation5. Principle of Cooperation
Within the StateWithin the State
1. “All human beings are born1. “All human beings are born
free and equal in dignity andfree and equal in dignity and
rights.”rights.”
(Article 1 UDHR)(Article 1 UDHR)
2. Principle of Non-Discrimination2. Principle of Non-Discrimination
(UN Charter etc.)(UN Charter etc.)
3. Principle of Equality3. Principle of Equality
(UN Charter etc.)(UN Charter etc.)
4. Principle of Development4. Principle of Development
6. Definition of the StateDefinition of the State
See: Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States (1933)See: Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States (1933)
Article 1Article 1
The state as a person of international law should possessThe state as a person of international law should possess
the following qualifications:the following qualifications:
a.a. a permanent population;a permanent population;
b.b. a defined territory;a defined territory;
c.c. government; andgovernment; and
d.d. capacity to enter into relations with the other states.capacity to enter into relations with the other states.
Article 2Article 2
The federal state shall constitute a sole person in the eyes ofThe federal state shall constitute a sole person in the eyes of
international law.international law.
7. The ConstitutionalThe Constitutional
Character of the UNCharacter of the UN
CharterCharter
Sovereignty = Exclusive JurisdictionSovereignty = Exclusive Jurisdiction
UN Charter as a Constraining TreatyUN Charter as a Constraining Treaty
Consent and Persistent ObjectionConsent and Persistent Objection
Objects and Purposes of the CharterObjects and Purposes of the Charter
Limits on the Use of ForceLimits on the Use of Force
Duties to CooperateDuties to Cooperate
Hierarchy of International LawHierarchy of International Law
8. Sources ofSources of
International LawInternational Law
STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (UNSTATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (UN
Charter)Charter)
Article 38Article 38
1. The Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with1. The Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with
international law such disputes as are submitted to it, shall apply:international law such disputes as are submitted to it, shall apply:
a.a. international conventionsinternational conventions , whether general or particular,, whether general or particular,
establishing rules expressly recognized by the contesting states;establishing rules expressly recognized by the contesting states;
b.b. international custominternational custom , as evidence of a general practice, as evidence of a general practice
accepted as law;accepted as law;
c. thec. the general principles of lawgeneral principles of law recognized by civilized nations;recognized by civilized nations;
d. subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and thed. subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the
teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the variousteachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various
nations, asnations, as subsidiary meanssubsidiary means for the determination of rules of law.for the determination of rules of law.
2. This provision shall not prejudice the power of the Court to decide a2. This provision shall not prejudice the power of the Court to decide a
casecase ex aequo et bonoex aequo et bono, if the parties agree thereto., if the parties agree thereto.
9. Purposes of the UNPurposes of the UN
CharterCharter
Article 1Article 1
The Purposes of the United Nations are:The Purposes of the United Nations are:
1. To1. To maintain international peace and securitymaintain international peace and security , and to that end: to take, and to that end: to take
effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to theeffective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the
peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of thepeace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the
peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principlespeace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles
of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputesof justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes
or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;
2. To2. To develop friendly relationsdevelop friendly relations among nations based on respect for theamong nations based on respect for the
principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take otherprinciple of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other
appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;
3. To3. To achieve international co-operationachieve international co-operation in solving international problems ofin solving international problems of
an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting andan economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and
encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all withoutencouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without
distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; anddistinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and
4. To be4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nationsa centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainmentin the attainment
of these common ends.of these common ends.
10. Non-Use of ForceNon-Use of Force
CHAPTER VI: PACIFIC SETTLEMENT OFCHAPTER VI: PACIFIC SETTLEMENT OF
DISPUTESDISPUTES
Article 33Article 33
1. The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely1. The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely
to endanger the maintenance of international peace andto endanger the maintenance of international peace and
security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation,security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation,
enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement,enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement,
resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peacefulresort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful
means of their own choice.means of their own choice.
2. The Security Council shall, when it deems necessary, call2. The Security Council shall, when it deems necessary, call
upon the parties to settle their dispute by such means.upon the parties to settle their dispute by such means.
11. Use of Force - IUse of Force - I
CHAPTER VII: ACTION WITH RESPECT TO THREATSCHAPTER VII: ACTION WITH RESPECT TO THREATS
TO THE PEACE, BREACHES OF THE PEACE, ANDTO THE PEACE, BREACHES OF THE PEACE, AND
ACTS OF AGGRESSIONACTS OF AGGRESSION
Article 39Article 39
The Security Council shall determine the existenceThe Security Council shall determine the existence
of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, orof any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act ofact of
aggression and shall make recommendations,aggression and shall make recommendations, oror
decide what measures shall be taken indecide what measures shall be taken in accordanceaccordance
with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain orwith Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restorerestore
international peace and security.international peace and security.
12. Use of Force - IIUse of Force - II
Article 51Article 51
Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherentNothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent
right of individual or collectiveright of individual or collective self-defenceself-defence if an armedif an armed
attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, untilattack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until
the Security Council has taken measures necessary tothe Security Council has taken measures necessary to
maintain international peace and security. Measures takenmaintain international peace and security. Measures taken
by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defenceby Members in the exercise of this right of self-defence
shall be immediately reported to the Security Council andshall be immediately reported to the Security Council and
shall not in any way affect the authority and responsibilityshall not in any way affect the authority and responsibility
of the Security Council under the present Charter to take atof the Security Council under the present Charter to take at
any time such action as it deems necessary in order toany time such action as it deems necessary in order to
maintain or restore international peace and security.maintain or restore international peace and security.
13. Use of Force - IIIUse of Force - III
CHAPTER VIII: REGIONAL ARRANGEMENTSCHAPTER VIII: REGIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
Article 52Article 52
1. Nothing in the present Charter the existence of regional1. Nothing in the present Charter the existence of regional
arrangements or agencies for dealing with such mattersarrangements or agencies for dealing with such matters
relating to the maintenance of international peace andrelating to the maintenance of international peace and
security as are appropriate for regional action, provided thatsecurity as are appropriate for regional action, provided that
such arrangements or agencies and their activities aresuch arrangements or agencies and their activities are
consistent with the Purposes and Principles of theconsistent with the Purposes and Principles of the
United NationsUnited Nations..
14. Individual under ILIndividual under IL
Subjects of protectionSubjects of protection
- Diplomatic Law- Diplomatic Law
- Humanitarian Law- Humanitarian Law
- Certain minorities (NB religious)- Certain minorities (NB religious)
- Human Rights (including refugees)- Human Rights (including refugees)
- Private interests (trade, adoption…)- Private interests (trade, adoption…)
15. State ResponsibilityState Responsibility
- Cf. Definition of the StateCf. Definition of the State
- Good FaithGood Faith
- AgencyAgency
- Illicit ActsIllicit Acts
- InjuryInjury
- ReparationReparation
- Restitution, Indemnification, SatisfactionRestitution, Indemnification, Satisfaction
16. Individual ResponsibilityIndividual Responsibility
- Respect the Law- Respect the Law
- International Criminal Law- International Criminal Law
- Piracy- Piracy
- War Crimes- War Crimes
- Genocide- Genocide
- Against Humanity- Against Humanity
17. Hierarchy of IL?Hierarchy of IL?
See: Vienna Convention on the Law ofSee: Vienna Convention on the Law of
Treaties (1969)Treaties (1969)
-Pacta sunt servandaPacta sunt servanda = good faith= good faith
performance (Article 26)performance (Article 26)
-Priority of general IL (Article 43)Priority of general IL (Article 43)
-More specific lawMore specific law
-Subsequent lawSubsequent law
18. ““Mass Atrocities”Mass Atrocities”
= short-hand for= short-hand for
-GenocideGenocide
-Crimes Against HumanityCrimes Against Humanity
-War CrimesWar Crimes
-““Ethnic Cleansing” (2005 Outcome Doc.)Ethnic Cleansing” (2005 Outcome Doc.)
[Q. What is the threshold of “mass”?][Q. What is the threshold of “mass”?]
19. 1948 Convention on the1948 Convention on the
Prevention and Punishment ofPrevention and Punishment of
the Crime of Genocidethe Crime of Genocide
Article 2Article 2
““In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following actsIn the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts
committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national,committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national,
ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:
(a) Killing members of the group;(a) Killing members of the group;
(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to
bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.”(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.”
20. 1948 Convention on the1948 Convention on the
Prevention and Punishment ofPrevention and Punishment of
the Crime of Genocidethe Crime of Genocide
Article 3Article 3
““The following acts shall be punishable:The following acts shall be punishable:
(a) Genocide;(a) Genocide;
(b) Conspiracy to commit genocide;(b) Conspiracy to commit genocide;
(c) Direct and public incitement to(c) Direct and public incitement to
commit genocide;commit genocide;
(d) Attempt to commit genocide;(d) Attempt to commit genocide;
(e) Complicity in genocide.”(e) Complicity in genocide.”
21. Prevention?Prevention?
A duty of States. [Q.: Source of IL?]A duty of States. [Q.: Source of IL?]
UN Special Adviser to the Secretary-UN Special Adviser to the Secretary-
General on the Prevention of GenocideGeneral on the Prevention of Genocide
Cf “Framework of Analysis for MassCf “Framework of Analysis for Mass
Atrocity Crimes” (2014)Atrocity Crimes” (2014)