Atomic absorption spectrophotometry-3rd bsc.pptx
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Atomic absorption spectrophotometry works by first converting a sample into an aerosol using a nebulizer. It then uses a hollow cathode lamp light source matched to the element of interest which passes through the flame-atomized sample. Any absorption of light is measured by a detector and used to determine the concentration of the elemental analyte in the original sample based on the amount of light absorbed.
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Atomic absorption spectrometer
Atomic absorption spectrometry is a technique used to determine the concentration of metal elements in samples. It works by vaporizing the sample into free atoms that can absorb light from a hollow cathode lamp of the element of interest. The absorbed light is measured to determine the concentration of that element in the sample. The main components are the hollow cathode lamp light source, atomizer to vaporize the sample, monochromator to select the desired wavelength, and a detector to convert light absorption into a quantitative measurement of concentration.
Atomic absorption spectrometry (aas)
Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) is an analytical technique used to determine the concentration of metals in samples. It works by measuring the amount of light absorbed by atomized ground-state metals in a flame or graphite furnace. AAS can analyze over 62 elements down to parts per billion levels. It requires calibration curves to relate absorbance measurements to analyte concentrations. The technique has been widely applied in fields like environmental analysis, food testing, and clinical pathology due its accuracy, precision, and high sample throughput capabilities.
CHM260 - AAS (i)
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is an analytical technique used to determine the concentration of gas-phase metal atoms by measuring their absorption of light. Samples are first atomized, usually by a flame, to convert the analyte into gaseous atoms. The instrument measures the amount of light absorbed by the analyte atoms at a specific wavelength, allowing the concentration of the analyte in the original sample to be determined through calibration curves or standard addition methods.
instrumente3Newin Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation (2).pptx
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry uses light from a hollow cathode lamp containing the element of interest to excite sample atoms. The instrument measures absorption of this light to determine concentration. Samples must be vaporized, such as using a flame, to produce free atoms. Fluorometry uses an excitation light source to induce fluorescence. It filters both the excitation and emitted fluorescent light and is more sensitive than absorption spectrophotometry due to direct measurement of emitted radiation. However, fluorescence is very sensitive to environmental changes like pH and temperature.
ATOMIC absorption spectrometery.pptx
This document provides an overview of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). It discusses that AAS is a common technique for detecting metals and metalloids in samples by quantifying the absorption of ground state atoms in a gaseous state as they absorb ultraviolet or visible light and transition to higher energy levels. The document outlines the basic principles and components of AAS, including the light source, nebulizer, atomizer (flame or graphite furnace), monochromator, detector, and calibration curve used to determine unknown concentrations from standards. Applications mentioned include environmental studies, food industry, and pharmaceutical industry analyses.
Flame photometer
Flame photometry is an atomic emission spectroscopy technique used to measure the concentration of certain metal ions in solution by detecting the characteristic wavelengths of light emitted by their atoms when excited in a flame. The technique involves nebulizing the sample solution into a flame, where the solvent evaporates and the metal ions are atomized and excited to emit light. The intensity of the emitted light is measured by a photodetector and corresponds to the concentration of the metal ion. Common elements that can be analyzed using flame photometry include sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and cesium. The technique has applications in agriculture, clinical analysis, and food and beverage testing.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a technique used to determine the concentration of chemical elements in a sample. It works by measuring the absorption of light by free metallic ions in the gaseous state. The sample is atomized using a flame or electrothermal atomizer, then irradiated with light from an element-specific line source or continuum source. The light passes through a monochromator to isolate the element-specific wavelength, which is measured by a detector. Common atomizers include flames and electrothermal devices, while common light sources are hollow cathode lamps, electrodeless discharge lamps, and deuterium lamps.
Recommended
Atomic absorption spectrometer
Atomic absorption spectrometry is a technique used to determine the concentration of metal elements in samples. It works by vaporizing the sample into free atoms that can absorb light from a hollow cathode lamp of the element of interest. The absorbed light is measured to determine the concentration of that element in the sample. The main components are the hollow cathode lamp light source, atomizer to vaporize the sample, monochromator to select the desired wavelength, and a detector to convert light absorption into a quantitative measurement of concentration.
Atomic absorption spectrometry (aas)
Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) is an analytical technique used to determine the concentration of metals in samples. It works by measuring the amount of light absorbed by atomized ground-state metals in a flame or graphite furnace. AAS can analyze over 62 elements down to parts per billion levels. It requires calibration curves to relate absorbance measurements to analyte concentrations. The technique has been widely applied in fields like environmental analysis, food testing, and clinical pathology due its accuracy, precision, and high sample throughput capabilities.
CHM260 - AAS (i)
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is an analytical technique used to determine the concentration of gas-phase metal atoms by measuring their absorption of light. Samples are first atomized, usually by a flame, to convert the analyte into gaseous atoms. The instrument measures the amount of light absorbed by the analyte atoms at a specific wavelength, allowing the concentration of the analyte in the original sample to be determined through calibration curves or standard addition methods.
instrumente3Newin Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation (2).pptx
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry uses light from a hollow cathode lamp containing the element of interest to excite sample atoms. The instrument measures absorption of this light to determine concentration. Samples must be vaporized, such as using a flame, to produce free atoms. Fluorometry uses an excitation light source to induce fluorescence. It filters both the excitation and emitted fluorescent light and is more sensitive than absorption spectrophotometry due to direct measurement of emitted radiation. However, fluorescence is very sensitive to environmental changes like pH and temperature.
ATOMIC absorption spectrometery.pptx
This document provides an overview of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). It discusses that AAS is a common technique for detecting metals and metalloids in samples by quantifying the absorption of ground state atoms in a gaseous state as they absorb ultraviolet or visible light and transition to higher energy levels. The document outlines the basic principles and components of AAS, including the light source, nebulizer, atomizer (flame or graphite furnace), monochromator, detector, and calibration curve used to determine unknown concentrations from standards. Applications mentioned include environmental studies, food industry, and pharmaceutical industry analyses.
Flame photometer
Flame photometry is an atomic emission spectroscopy technique used to measure the concentration of certain metal ions in solution by detecting the characteristic wavelengths of light emitted by their atoms when excited in a flame. The technique involves nebulizing the sample solution into a flame, where the solvent evaporates and the metal ions are atomized and excited to emit light. The intensity of the emitted light is measured by a photodetector and corresponds to the concentration of the metal ion. Common elements that can be analyzed using flame photometry include sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and cesium. The technique has applications in agriculture, clinical analysis, and food and beverage testing.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a technique used to determine the concentration of chemical elements in a sample. It works by measuring the absorption of light by free metallic ions in the gaseous state. The sample is atomized using a flame or electrothermal atomizer, then irradiated with light from an element-specific line source or continuum source. The light passes through a monochromator to isolate the element-specific wavelength, which is measured by a detector. Common atomizers include flames and electrothermal devices, while common light sources are hollow cathode lamps, electrodeless discharge lamps, and deuterium lamps.
ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY by Faizan Akram
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a technique for determining the concentration of a particular metal element in a sample. Atomic absorption spectroscopy can be used to analyze the concentration of over 62 different metals in a solution.
AAS.pptx
Atomic absorption spectrometry is a technique used to detect metals and metalloids in samples. It works by measuring the absorption of light by atomized elements within a flame or graphite furnace. The instrument components include a light source, atomizer, monochromator, and detector. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry is commonly used due to its short analysis time and low cost, while graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry offers higher sensitivity for trace analysis of smaller sample sizes. Potential interferences include molecular absorption, scattering, and chemical interactions that can affect the accuracy of results. Portable devices like the LeadCare II blood lead analyzer use electrochemical techniques to provide rapid, on-site testing for lead levels in capillary blood
Atomic absorption Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometer , types of spectrophotometer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer working principle, instruments of AAS, cathode hollow lamp, chopper, Flame, Burner , total consumption burner, pre-mix burner , Monochromators prism and diffraction grating , read out device, types of AAS, Flame AAS , non flame AAS(Graphite furnace AAS ), applications , interference , atomic emission spectrophotometry different types of flame , principle of emission spectrophotometry, comparision of spectrophotometry.
Mohd wahid (aes)
Atomic emission spectroscopy uses energy from an excitation source like plasma or laser to promote electrons in atoms to higher energy states. As the electrons return to lower states, they emit photons of characteristic wavelengths. The emitted light is separated by a monochromator and detected. Common components include plasma, graphite furnace, or flame atomizers to vaporize samples, monochromators to separate wavelengths, and photomultiplier tubes as sensitive detectors. Atomic emission spectroscopy is used for elemental analysis and identification of metals in samples.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Principles and Applications.pptx
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a technique used to determine the concentration of metallic elements in solutions. It works by vaporizing the sample into free atoms, then measuring the absorption of light from a lamp specific to the element of interest. Flame atomic absorption uses a flame to vaporize the sample, while graphite furnace atomic absorption offers higher sensitivity by vaporizing the sample in a graphite tube. The technique is widely applied in fields like environmental testing, food analysis, and forensic toxicology due to its accuracy, sensitivity, and ability to analyze one element at a time.
Aas
Atomic absorption spectroscopy and atomic emission spectroscopy are analytical techniques used to determine the concentration of metallic elements in solutions by measuring the absorption or emission of light from ground state and excited state atoms. Both techniques involve atomizing the sample using a flame or graphite furnace and using a light source and monochromator to detect specific elemental absorption or emission spectra, with the main difference being that atomic absorption relies on light absorption by ground state atoms while atomic emission detects light emitted from excited atoms. These techniques are commonly used for trace metal analysis in applications such as environmental monitoring, clinical analysis, and pharmaceutical and food analysis.
Flame photometry
Flame photometry is a technique that uses the characteristic wavelengths of light emitted from atoms excited in a flame to determine the concentration of certain metal ions in a sample. When a sample containing metal ions is introduced into a flame, the metal atoms are excited and emit light at wavelengths characteristic of that element. The intensity of light emitted at that wavelength indicates the concentration of the metal ion in the original sample. Flame photometry can be used to determine concentrations of ions such as sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and others.
Flame photometer
This document provides an overview of flame photometry, which is a technique used to determine the concentration of certain metal ions like sodium, potassium, calcium, and lithium. It describes the basic components and working of a flame photometer, including the nebulizer, burner, optical system, and photodetector. When a sample solution containing metal ions is introduced into the flame, the ions absorb energy and emit light of characteristic wavelengths. The intensity of emitted light can then be used for quantitative analysis of metal ion concentrations. Some applications mentioned are analysis of soils, fertilizers, drinks and other samples. Advantages include low cost and sensitivity down to ppm and ppb levels, while limitations are inability to detect non-radiating
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
In this ppt detailed explanation of the atomic absorption spectroscopy principal,its instrumentation and application.
Flame Photometry
Flame photometry is a technique used to determine the concentration of certain metal ions in a solution. It works by nebulizing the sample into a flame, which excites the metal ions and causes them to emit light at wavelengths specific to each metal. A photodetector then measures the intensity of light, allowing quantification of the ions present. The method was developed in the 1800s and improved over time, with commercial instruments now available. It finds various applications in analyzing samples like water, urine and alloys.
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry is a technique used to determine the concentration of metallic elements in liquid or biological samples. It works by atomizing the sample then measuring the absorption of light at specific wavelengths corresponding to the element of interest. The instrument consists of a light source, atomizer, monochromator, detector, and readout. It can detect metals down to ppm concentrations and is used widely in clinical and food testing to analyze essential nutrients and toxic elements.
Aas presentation
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a quantitative analytical technique used to determine the concentration of metals in solutions. It works by atomizing the sample using a flame and measuring the absorption of light from a lamp containing the element of interest. Each element absorbs light at a characteristic wavelength. A calibration curve of concentration versus absorbance is used to determine the concentration of an unknown sample. The technique only requires a small sample volume and can achieve parts-per-million sensitivity.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is an analytical technique used to determine the concentration of metals in samples. It works by vaporizing the sample using a flame or graphite furnace and measuring the absorption of light from a hollow cathode lamp at specific wavelengths that correspond to the metal of interest. The amount of light absorbed is proportional to the metal concentration. The technique was developed in the 1950s and can detect over 62 elements down to low concentration levels. It has widespread applications in fields like environmental analysis, food testing, and medical diagnostics.
Atomic emission specrtroscopy for subject Parmaceutical Analysis
Flame photometry is a technique that uses a flame to atomize metal ions in a liquid sample and measure the intensity of light emitted at characteristic wavelengths to determine the concentration of certain metals like sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium and cesium. When the liquid sample is introduced into the flame, the metal ions dissociate into excited atoms that emit light as they return to the ground state. The intensity of the emitted light is directly proportional to the concentration of the metal in the original sample. A flame photometer consists of a burner, optical system, filters and photodetector to measure the light and determine the concentration of metals in an unknown sample by comparing to calibrated standard solutions.
SPECTROCOPY PRESENTATION.pptx
This document summarizes a presentation given on UV/visible, atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy. It describes the basic principles and components of these techniques. Flame emission spectroscopy determines the concentration of elements like sodium, potassium, and lithium by measuring light emitted when the element is excited by a flame. Atomic absorption spectroscopy analyzes elements by measuring the absorption of light from a hollow cathode lamp by neutral atoms produced from a flame. It can be used to detect various elements, drugs, and chemicals in samples. The document compares the principles and applications of flame emission spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and UV/visible spectroscopy.
Flame Spectroscopy Analysis B.Pharma and M/Pharma
Flame photometry is a technique that uses the intensity of light emitted from an element in a flame to determine its concentration. Samples are nebulized and introduced into a flame where atoms are excited and emit light of characteristic wavelengths. A monochromator separates this light, which is detected and the intensity measured to quantify the elemental concentration. Sodium, potassium, lithium, and calcium are commonly analyzed using this technique in applications like serum analysis and soil testing.
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry is a technique for elemental analysis that was introduced in 1950. It uses the absorption of light to detect specific metal elements in liquid or biological samples. The technique works by vaporizing the metallic species in a flame and measuring the absorption of light at the characteristic wavelength of each metal atom. It provides sensitive detection of metals down to concentrations of 1 part per million or lower. The instrument uses a hollow cathode lamp, chopper, atomizer, monochromator, detector, and other components to selectively measure the absorption of light by the metal atoms.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a technique used to determine the concentration of chemical elements in solution or solid samples. It works by vaporizing the sample into free atoms that can absorb light at specific wavelengths. The amount of light absorbed is measured and used to determine the concentration of elements in the sample. It has been used since the 1950s and can analyze over 70 elements. It provides a simple and reliable way to quantify metals in applications like environmental monitoring, food testing, and pharmaceutical analysis.
AAS .pdf
Atomic absorption spectrometry is a technique used to determine the concentration of metallic elements in solutions. It works by measuring the absorption of light from a hollow cathode lamp by atoms of the element to be analyzed in a flame. The instrument consists of a light source, burner, fuel and oxidant supply, monochromator, detector, and readout device. Samples are nebulized and atoms are produced in the flame. The amount of light absorbed is proportional to the concentration of the element. Applications include analysis of metals in ores, minerals, alloys, biochemical samples, pharmaceuticals, industrial materials, soils, and more.
1606732404-atomic-absorption-emission-2.ppt
Atomic absorption spectroscopy, flame atomic emission spectroscopy, and ICP atomic emission spectroscopy are analytical techniques that measure the concentrations of elements. They work by vaporizing samples into free atoms that can then absorb or emit light. Atomic absorption spectroscopy specifically measures the absorption of light by ground state atoms to quantify concentrations. Flame and graphite furnace atomizers are used to vaporize samples. Emission techniques excite sample atoms using a flame or ICP and measure the wavelengths of light emitted as atoms return to lower energy states. Both techniques use monochromators and detectors to measure specific elemental signals and calculate concentrations from calibration curves.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY.pptx
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is an assay technique that uses radioisotopes rather than enzymes as labels to detect and quantify antigens or antibodies. In RIA, a radioisotope is attached to an antigen and combined with an antibody. A sample containing the target antigen is then added and competes with the radioactive antigen for binding sites on the antibody. The amount of unbound radioactive antigen is then measured, with higher levels of the target antigen resulting in lower radioactivity, allowing very small quantities to be detected. RIA is highly specific and can be used to diagnose diseases or measure hormones.
potentiometry, ISE- 3rd bsc.pptx
Potentiometry is a technique that measures the potential difference between two electrodes immersed in a solution. The potential difference is dependent on factors like the liquid junction potential, indicator electrode potential, and reference electrode potential. The Nernst equation relates the cell potential to variables like temperature, gas constant, and ion activity. Potentiometry uses a reference electrode and indicator electrode to measure the potential. Common reference electrodes include the standard hydrogen electrode and silver/silver chloride electrode. Indicator electrodes reflect the analyte activity. Applications include measuring pH, pCO2, and ions like sodium and potassium. Ion selective electrodes consist of a selective membrane that transports specific ions, creating a potential based on ion concentration differences.
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Similar to Atomic absorption spectrophotometry-3rd bsc.pptx
ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY by Faizan Akram
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a technique for determining the concentration of a particular metal element in a sample. Atomic absorption spectroscopy can be used to analyze the concentration of over 62 different metals in a solution.
AAS.pptx
Atomic absorption spectrometry is a technique used to detect metals and metalloids in samples. It works by measuring the absorption of light by atomized elements within a flame or graphite furnace. The instrument components include a light source, atomizer, monochromator, and detector. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry is commonly used due to its short analysis time and low cost, while graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry offers higher sensitivity for trace analysis of smaller sample sizes. Potential interferences include molecular absorption, scattering, and chemical interactions that can affect the accuracy of results. Portable devices like the LeadCare II blood lead analyzer use electrochemical techniques to provide rapid, on-site testing for lead levels in capillary blood
Atomic absorption Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometer , types of spectrophotometer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer working principle, instruments of AAS, cathode hollow lamp, chopper, Flame, Burner , total consumption burner, pre-mix burner , Monochromators prism and diffraction grating , read out device, types of AAS, Flame AAS , non flame AAS(Graphite furnace AAS ), applications , interference , atomic emission spectrophotometry different types of flame , principle of emission spectrophotometry, comparision of spectrophotometry.
Mohd wahid (aes)
Atomic emission spectroscopy uses energy from an excitation source like plasma or laser to promote electrons in atoms to higher energy states. As the electrons return to lower states, they emit photons of characteristic wavelengths. The emitted light is separated by a monochromator and detected. Common components include plasma, graphite furnace, or flame atomizers to vaporize samples, monochromators to separate wavelengths, and photomultiplier tubes as sensitive detectors. Atomic emission spectroscopy is used for elemental analysis and identification of metals in samples.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Principles and Applications.pptx
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a technique used to determine the concentration of metallic elements in solutions. It works by vaporizing the sample into free atoms, then measuring the absorption of light from a lamp specific to the element of interest. Flame atomic absorption uses a flame to vaporize the sample, while graphite furnace atomic absorption offers higher sensitivity by vaporizing the sample in a graphite tube. The technique is widely applied in fields like environmental testing, food analysis, and forensic toxicology due to its accuracy, sensitivity, and ability to analyze one element at a time.
Aas
Atomic absorption spectroscopy and atomic emission spectroscopy are analytical techniques used to determine the concentration of metallic elements in solutions by measuring the absorption or emission of light from ground state and excited state atoms. Both techniques involve atomizing the sample using a flame or graphite furnace and using a light source and monochromator to detect specific elemental absorption or emission spectra, with the main difference being that atomic absorption relies on light absorption by ground state atoms while atomic emission detects light emitted from excited atoms. These techniques are commonly used for trace metal analysis in applications such as environmental monitoring, clinical analysis, and pharmaceutical and food analysis.
Flame photometry
Flame photometry is a technique that uses the characteristic wavelengths of light emitted from atoms excited in a flame to determine the concentration of certain metal ions in a sample. When a sample containing metal ions is introduced into a flame, the metal atoms are excited and emit light at wavelengths characteristic of that element. The intensity of light emitted at that wavelength indicates the concentration of the metal ion in the original sample. Flame photometry can be used to determine concentrations of ions such as sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and others.
Flame photometer
This document provides an overview of flame photometry, which is a technique used to determine the concentration of certain metal ions like sodium, potassium, calcium, and lithium. It describes the basic components and working of a flame photometer, including the nebulizer, burner, optical system, and photodetector. When a sample solution containing metal ions is introduced into the flame, the ions absorb energy and emit light of characteristic wavelengths. The intensity of emitted light can then be used for quantitative analysis of metal ion concentrations. Some applications mentioned are analysis of soils, fertilizers, drinks and other samples. Advantages include low cost and sensitivity down to ppm and ppb levels, while limitations are inability to detect non-radiating
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
In this ppt detailed explanation of the atomic absorption spectroscopy principal,its instrumentation and application.
Flame Photometry
Flame photometry is a technique used to determine the concentration of certain metal ions in a solution. It works by nebulizing the sample into a flame, which excites the metal ions and causes them to emit light at wavelengths specific to each metal. A photodetector then measures the intensity of light, allowing quantification of the ions present. The method was developed in the 1800s and improved over time, with commercial instruments now available. It finds various applications in analyzing samples like water, urine and alloys.
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry is a technique used to determine the concentration of metallic elements in liquid or biological samples. It works by atomizing the sample then measuring the absorption of light at specific wavelengths corresponding to the element of interest. The instrument consists of a light source, atomizer, monochromator, detector, and readout. It can detect metals down to ppm concentrations and is used widely in clinical and food testing to analyze essential nutrients and toxic elements.
Aas presentation
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a quantitative analytical technique used to determine the concentration of metals in solutions. It works by atomizing the sample using a flame and measuring the absorption of light from a lamp containing the element of interest. Each element absorbs light at a characteristic wavelength. A calibration curve of concentration versus absorbance is used to determine the concentration of an unknown sample. The technique only requires a small sample volume and can achieve parts-per-million sensitivity.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is an analytical technique used to determine the concentration of metals in samples. It works by vaporizing the sample using a flame or graphite furnace and measuring the absorption of light from a hollow cathode lamp at specific wavelengths that correspond to the metal of interest. The amount of light absorbed is proportional to the metal concentration. The technique was developed in the 1950s and can detect over 62 elements down to low concentration levels. It has widespread applications in fields like environmental analysis, food testing, and medical diagnostics.
Atomic emission specrtroscopy for subject Parmaceutical Analysis
Flame photometry is a technique that uses a flame to atomize metal ions in a liquid sample and measure the intensity of light emitted at characteristic wavelengths to determine the concentration of certain metals like sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium and cesium. When the liquid sample is introduced into the flame, the metal ions dissociate into excited atoms that emit light as they return to the ground state. The intensity of the emitted light is directly proportional to the concentration of the metal in the original sample. A flame photometer consists of a burner, optical system, filters and photodetector to measure the light and determine the concentration of metals in an unknown sample by comparing to calibrated standard solutions.
SPECTROCOPY PRESENTATION.pptx
This document summarizes a presentation given on UV/visible, atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy. It describes the basic principles and components of these techniques. Flame emission spectroscopy determines the concentration of elements like sodium, potassium, and lithium by measuring light emitted when the element is excited by a flame. Atomic absorption spectroscopy analyzes elements by measuring the absorption of light from a hollow cathode lamp by neutral atoms produced from a flame. It can be used to detect various elements, drugs, and chemicals in samples. The document compares the principles and applications of flame emission spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and UV/visible spectroscopy.
Flame Spectroscopy Analysis B.Pharma and M/Pharma
Flame photometry is a technique that uses the intensity of light emitted from an element in a flame to determine its concentration. Samples are nebulized and introduced into a flame where atoms are excited and emit light of characteristic wavelengths. A monochromator separates this light, which is detected and the intensity measured to quantify the elemental concentration. Sodium, potassium, lithium, and calcium are commonly analyzed using this technique in applications like serum analysis and soil testing.
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry is a technique for elemental analysis that was introduced in 1950. It uses the absorption of light to detect specific metal elements in liquid or biological samples. The technique works by vaporizing the metallic species in a flame and measuring the absorption of light at the characteristic wavelength of each metal atom. It provides sensitive detection of metals down to concentrations of 1 part per million or lower. The instrument uses a hollow cathode lamp, chopper, atomizer, monochromator, detector, and other components to selectively measure the absorption of light by the metal atoms.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a technique used to determine the concentration of chemical elements in solution or solid samples. It works by vaporizing the sample into free atoms that can absorb light at specific wavelengths. The amount of light absorbed is measured and used to determine the concentration of elements in the sample. It has been used since the 1950s and can analyze over 70 elements. It provides a simple and reliable way to quantify metals in applications like environmental monitoring, food testing, and pharmaceutical analysis.
AAS .pdf
Atomic absorption spectrometry is a technique used to determine the concentration of metallic elements in solutions. It works by measuring the absorption of light from a hollow cathode lamp by atoms of the element to be analyzed in a flame. The instrument consists of a light source, burner, fuel and oxidant supply, monochromator, detector, and readout device. Samples are nebulized and atoms are produced in the flame. The amount of light absorbed is proportional to the concentration of the element. Applications include analysis of metals in ores, minerals, alloys, biochemical samples, pharmaceuticals, industrial materials, soils, and more.
1606732404-atomic-absorption-emission-2.ppt
Atomic absorption spectroscopy, flame atomic emission spectroscopy, and ICP atomic emission spectroscopy are analytical techniques that measure the concentrations of elements. They work by vaporizing samples into free atoms that can then absorb or emit light. Atomic absorption spectroscopy specifically measures the absorption of light by ground state atoms to quantify concentrations. Flame and graphite furnace atomizers are used to vaporize samples. Emission techniques excite sample atoms using a flame or ICP and measure the wavelengths of light emitted as atoms return to lower energy states. Both techniques use monochromators and detectors to measure specific elemental signals and calculate concentrations from calibration curves.
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carbohydrate metabolism -bpt.pptx
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Chemistry of Carbohydrates.pptx
Carbohydrates serve several important functions in the body. They are the main sources of energy, used for energy storage in glycogen, and make up the structural components of cells. Monosaccharides like glucose and fructose cannot be broken down further. Disaccharides form when two monosaccharides combine via glycosidic linkage, examples being sucrose, maltose, and lactose. Sucrose is not a reducing sugar while lactose and maltose are. Carbohydrates can exhibit structural, stereoisomerism including mutarotation of glucose.
Digestion and absorption.pptx
The document summarizes digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. It discusses:
- Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth by amylase and continues in the small intestine by pancreatic amylase and intestinal enzymes, breaking starches down into monosaccharides like glucose that are then absorbed.
- Protein digestion occurs through proteases in the stomach and pancreas that break proteins into peptides and amino acids, which are then absorbed actively or through secondary transport.
- Lipid digestion requires emulsification by bile and lipolysis by pancreatic lipase to break triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides absorbed via micelles. Conditions like lactose intolerance and malabsorption syndrome can
LFT.pptx
This document discusses liver function tests. It classifies tests based on laboratory findings and clinical aspects. Key tests include bilirubin to measure excretory function, albumin and prothrombin time to measure synthetic function, and ALT/AST to measure hepatocellular injury. Alkaline phosphatase and GGT indicate obstructive liver disease or cholestasis. Normal ranges are provided for important tests like bilirubin, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase. Methods for measuring bilirubin and calculating A:G ratio are also outlined.
Progressive systemic sclerosis
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA)- 3rd BSc.pptx
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High performance liquid chromatography-3rd bsc.pptx
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Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
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Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neu...
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Co-Chairs, Val J. Lowe, MD, and Cyrus A. Raji, MD, PhD, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to Alzheimer’s disease for this CME/AAPA activity titled “Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neuroradiology in Diagnosis and Treatment.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/AAPA information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3PvVY25. CME/AAPA credit will be available until June 28, 2025.Acute Gout Care & Urate Lowering Therapy .pdf
In this document , the management of acute gout attacks and a description of urate lowering therapy is mentioned.
Top Travel Vaccinations in Manchester
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
This quiz was conducted as a promotional event for the 2024 Annual Meet of Kerala Chapter of API.
More than 20 participants took part everyday !
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
SENSORY NEEDS B.SC. NURSING SEMESTER II.
Sensation is the neurological process by which we become aware of surrounding environment.
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
CLEAR ALIGNER THERAPY IN ORTHODONTICS .pptx
Dr. ZANAB FARHEEN FAYAZ ,MDS(ORTHODONTICS & DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS ).
How to choose the best dermatologists in Indore.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Challenges associated with ageing from a public health perspective
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.Recently uploaded (20)
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
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The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
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Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
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Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
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8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
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Atomic absorption spectrophotometry-3rd bsc.pptx
- 2. Principle •In AAS atoms are in ground state •The ground state atoms are capable of absorbing light •Results in decrease in intensity of light from the lamb •Analyte concentration is determined from amount of absorption
- 4. •Light source •Hollow cathode lamp •Glass tube filled with an inert gas •Eg. Neon, argon •Burner/flame •Elements to be analysed should be in atomic state
- 5. Nebulizer •Sample is converted to aerosol Monochromator •Placed between flame and detector •Used to select the specific wavelength of light which is absorbed by sample
- 6. •Detector •Light from the monochromator reaches to detector •Light energy is converted to electrical signal •Readout device •Display readings
- 7. applications •Analysis of blood Ca, Mg, Na,K •Analysis of soil •Determination of metals