The presentation on SPEAKING EYE for differently abled people to see the web content was done during #ATAGTR2017, one of the largest global testing conference. All copyright belongs to the author. Author and presenter : Nadeeka Samanthi Wijewantha

1. #ATAGTR2017
16th 17th March
SPEAKING EYE for differently
abled people to see the web
content…
Nadeeka Samanthi Wijewantha

2. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
“All human beings are born
FREE and EQUAL...”
<http://www.voicesofyouth.org/en/posts/human-rights--8>

3. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
Key points…
 Differently abled people
 Why Accessibility ?
 What is Web Accessibility?
 Building a bridge between differently abled person and Internet
 Global commitment to Accessibility & WCAG2.0
 Other supportive Accessibility testing tools
 Accessibility testing
Mobile Accessibility & New trends in s/w industry
Future & Importance of Web Accessibility

4. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
DIFFERENTLY ABLED people
Visual
Mobility/PhysicalHearing
• One billion people in the globe
• Different types of disability:
 Visual impairments
 Hearing impairments
 Mobility impairments
 Cognitive disabilities
• Temporary disability not included

5. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
Why ACCESSIBILITY?
• All have the EQUAL RIGHTS to share and gather information
• Potential market of differently abled users
<http://www.guru99.com/accessibility-testing.html>
BARRIERS

6. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
What is WEB ACCESSIBILITY?
• Visual impairments:
 Fully blind
 Partially blind
 Color blind
 Elderly people
• Mobility impairments:
 Difficulties to handle a mouse / keyboard only
• Hearing impairments:
 Textual descriptions for audios & videos
<https://blog.sciencedirect.com/topics/web-accessibility>

7. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
What is WEB ACCESSIBILITY cont..
• To perceive, navigate and interact with web information and to share the
contribution
• Day-to-Day activities: E.g.,
 Filling online bank forms
 Check online utility bills
 Read e-newspapers
<http://actcenter.missouri.edu/accessibility/web.html>

8. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
Building a BRIDGE between DIFFERENTLY ABLED person and INTERNET
• ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY / SCREEN READERS
E.g.:
 JAWS (Job Access With Speech)
 NVDA (Non Visual Desktop Access)
 Window-Eyes
 Zoom-Text
• Role of ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES…
 Understand and feel the sense of the web content
 Provide descriptions / sub titles for audios and videos
 Enhance the contrast level of the web content

9. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
Building a BRIDGE between DIFFERENTLY ABLED person and INTERNET cont..
• Commonly used screen readers:
 WebAIM ( Web Accessibility in Mind) conducted a survey of
preferences of screen reader users in July 2015
<http://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey6/>

10. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
GLOBAL COMMITMENT to Accessibility
• W3C ( World Wide Web Consortium) - International standards organization for the
World Wide Web
 WCAG2.0 -Main 12 guidelines
• US Federal Government Section 508 Legislation
• 3 Levels of accessibility: A , AA, AAA
<https://sunnyratra.me/tag/best-practices-and-guidelines-for-accessibility/>

11. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines version 2.0 (WCAG 2.0)
1 Perceivable
1.1 Provide text alternatives for any non-text content so that it can be changed into
other forms people need, such as large print, braille, speech, symbols or simpler
language.
1.2 Provide alternatives for time-based media.
1.3 Create content that can be presented in different ways (for example simpler layout)
without losing information or structure.
1.4 Make it easier for users to see and hear content including separating foreground
from background.
2 Operable
2.1 Make all functionality available from a keyboard.
2.2 Provide users enough time to read and use content.
2.3 Do not design content in a way that is known to cause seizures.
2.4 Provide ways to help users navigate, find content, and determine where they are.
3 Understandable
3.1 Make text content readable and understandable.
3.2 Make Web pages appear and operate in predictable ways.
3.3 Help users avoid and correct mistakes.
4 Robust
4.1 Maximize compatibility with current and future user agents, including assistive
technologies.
<https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/ >

12. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
Other supportive ACCESSIBILITY TESTING TOOLS
• WAT (Web Accessibility Toolbar) for IE
<https://www.paciellogroup.com/resources/wat/>
• WDT (Web Developer Toolbar) for Firefox
<https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/web-developer/>

13. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
• WAVE accessibility evaluation toolbar for Chrome
<https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/web-developer/>
• HTML validators
• Color Contrast Analyzers
<https://www.paciellogroup.com/resources/contrastanalyser/>
Other supportive ACCESSIBILITY TOOLS cont..

14. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
ACCESSIBILITY TESTING
• Combination of technology with the humanity
• Think same as differently abled person
• In a Lab environment without a mouse and a monitor
• Sensitive and Sharp testing
• All keyboard actions while listening to Screen Reader
• Web page reads according to the HTML source code
<https://insight.cryptzone.com/accessibility/website-accessibility-testing-where-to-start/>

15. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
ACCESSIBILITY TESTING cont..
• Few JAWS keyboard shortcut commands
Command Description
Tab Jump Forward
Tab + Shift Jump Back
Insert + Say Prior Word
Insert + Say Next Word
Insert + Say Current Line
Insert + twice quickly Spell Current Line
Insert + Say All
H Reads Page Heading tags
T Reads Tables
B Reads Buttons
G Read Graphics
More commands :
http://doccenter.freedomscientific.com/doccenter/archives/training/jawskeystrokes.htm

16. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
ACCESSIBILITY TESTING cont..
• Accessibility implementation and testing flow for differently abled people:
Identify the
disability
type of the
audience
Analyze the
requirements
Define/ design
the accessibility
levels
Accessibility
development
Accessibility
Testing with
Assistive
Technology
User
Acceptance
Testing
WCAG 2.0 WCAG 2.0

17. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
ACCESSIBILITY TESTING cont..
• Most commonly available ACCESSIBILITY ISSUES in web pages :
 Missing / meaningless page titles
 Tab order not defined properly
 Heading levels not defined properly
 Unnecessary spacing
 Informative images are unable to read
 Decorative images and layout tables are not silence
 Captions / table summaries are missing in Data tables
 Unnecessary punctuation

18. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
MOBILE ACCESSIBILITY
• Cater for MOBILE DEVICES such as mobile phones, tablets, TV, etc.
• W3C Web Accessibility Initiatives (WAI) for mobile browsers, mobile
applications, native applications and hybrid applications which includes:
 WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) covers web pages and
web applications and content used on mobile devices
 UAAG (User Agent Accessibility Guidelines) covers web browsers,
mobile browsers and other 'user agents‘
 ATAG (Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines) covers software used to
create web pages and applications, including for mobile
 WAI-ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) covers dynamic
content and advanced user interface controls
<https://www.w3.org/WAI/mobile/>

19. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
NEW TRENDS in software industry
• Windows 10 operating system upgrade
• Mobile devices with inbuilt screen readers and accessibility tools
• Screen reader software with new braille translation tables

20. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
FUTURE of accessibility
• Need to address “Internet of Things” for advancing technological household
devices with inbuilt accessibility features
E.g.: Talking Fridge, Talking Microwave Oven
• Require to featuring web accessibility in social media web sites such as
Tweeter, Facebook, etc.
• Accessibility consider as a local issue rather than thinking as a global issue

21. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
FUTURE of accessibility cont..
• Challenges to implement accessibility:
 All guidelines will not be able to satisfy the needs of all disability people
and all disability variances
 Will not be able to provide solutions to implement all guidelines from
available technologies due to technical limitations
 Required to have up to date accessibility guidelines which cover the
latest and upcoming mobile features

22. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
IMPORTANCE OF WEB ACCESSIBILITY to software industry
• Reduces the legal risk and high legal expenses
• Facilitates to capture a new potential market of differently abled
people
• Increase the market value of the software product
• Expand the relationships with the community demonstrating social
responsibility
• Support to build up a positive image of a company
• Help to highlight in the industry among other competitors

23. Agile Testing Alliance Global Testing Retreat 2017
Thank You
“The earth is the mother of all
people, and all people should
have equal rights upon it” – Chief
Joseph