it is condition in which the slight ocular discomfort , headache, general be following symptom is present as eyestrain, fatigueness after reading ,heaviness of lids and sleepininess after reading.

1. Asthenopia

2. Asthenopia - it is condition in which the slight
ocular discomfort , headache , general be following
symptom is present as eyestrain, fatigueness after
reading, heaviness of lids and sleepiness after
reading
Cause -
1. Uncorrected refractive error.
2. Defects of ocular motility.
3. Accommodation and convergence insufficiency.
4. Nutritional diet and vitamins​.

3. 1-Asthenopia in uncorrected refractive error -
It is small degree of refractive cases.
● Myopia - in myopic patient held the book more near
and normal distance. He is required more
convergence.
● Hypermetropia - if the patient is required more use
of ciliary muscle to focus the near object sharply.
● Astigmatism - these symptoms are more severe
cases of hypermetropia astigmatism in which
accommodation makes effort to overcome
hypermetropia.​

4. ● Anisometropia - the patient is unequal blur.
Accommodation is developed these symptoms.
2- asthenopia in defects of ocular motility -
asthenopia is seen in the hypermetropia deviations
of eye and break the fusion of patients is focus the
object to develop the asthenopic symptoms.
3- asthenopic in accommodation and convergence
insufficiency - it is for near object change the power
of eye. The accommodation is insufficiency the eye
power is not fully change ,in convergence
insufficiency the eye is not fully converge the focus
object these are more object of accommodation

5. insufficiency due to illness and toxic condition
disorders.
Clinical profile -
● Nonvisual ocular symptoms - the patient usually
complain of tiredness of the eye after near work.
A temporary relief is obtained by resting or
rubbing. It is unhealthy condition of lid and
conjunctiva watery suffered and blurred.
● Headache - headache is not fully understood but
presumably is rests upon same basis as other
referred pain of visceral origin. So ciliary pain
caused by increased muscular efforts in

6. Asthenopia is referred to the areas associated with
the cervical segment which connect with the
superior cervical ganglion. The ophthalmic devision
of the gift nerve is represented most caudally so
that ciliary pain primarily frontal and occipital in
distribution.
● Visual symptoms - this is especially seen the eye
much for reading or study of small objects over
long periods of time while fine sewing,the cinema
, motor driving, in the distraction of confusing
traffic. The ciliary muscle gives up

7. Attempt to focus and the image becomes indistinct
or the ocular muscle slip back into their condition
of rest and diplopia results.
● Other general symptoms of eyestrain - digestive
upset such as dyspepsia, nausea, vague
nervous disorders such as dizziness, insomnia
and depression and many other symptoms have
all in the past been variously attributed to
eyestrain.

8. Management of asthenopia
● Refraction - it is done under cycloplegic
prescribed actual required to glass.
● Orthoptic treatment - orthoptic exercise to
improve the muscle power and develop the
vision.
● Prismotherapy - base in prism are prescribed in
convergence insufficiency only if orthoptic
exercises fail.
● General management - improve the general
health and advise the multivitamin and
nutritional diet.