water producty

1. Presented by:
2014-ag-5074
to
2014-ag-5540

2. Water Productivity
Water productivity is generally defined as
crop yield per cubic meter of water
consumption, including:
 effective rainfall water for rain-fed areas.
 both rainfall water and diverted water from
water systems for irrigated areas.

3. Introduction
 The concept of water productivity (WP) was
offered by Kijne et al. (2003) as: “a measure of
the ability of agricultural systems to convert
water into food”.
 Water Productivity= Ratio of agricultural
benefit to the water use

4. Approaches for improving the
water productivity
Several approaches for improving crop
productivity (yields) of water includes:
 Replacing high water consuming crops with
lower water consuming crops.
 Adopting management and systems
improvements to increase productivity per unit
of water consumed.

5. Cont…
 Reallocation of water
from low value crops to
higher value crops can
increase the economic
productivity of water.
 Conserves water only if
the high value crop has a
shorter growing season
and the land is not re-
cropped the same year.

6. Cont…
 The most significant sources of “new” water
will be through improvements in productivity
per unit of water with the adoption of
appropriate management and application
systems.

7. What is WUE?
 Water-use efficiency (WUE): refers to the
ratio of water used in plant metabolism
to water lost by the plant through transpiration.
 WUE of productivity (also called
integrated water-use efficiency) is
typically defined as the ratio of biomass
produced to the rate of transpiration.

8. Strategies to improve WUE
 Better Irrigation strategies:
i. Avoid over irrigation by
improving the farm
irrigation system.
ii. Implementing a drip
irrigation system which
enhances irrigation
efficiency.
iii. Land should be properly
leveled in case of
flood/furrow irrigation.

9. Cont…
 Prevent and repair leaks:
i. Prevention and repairing in field leaks can save water in
the farm.
ii. Use leak detectors, pressure fluctuation sensors.
iii. Install drinking systems properly.
 Scheduled irrigation:
i. Take account of the evapo-transpiration rate and soil
moisture deficits.
ii. Climate conditions should be checked that the exact
amount crop water requirement per day.

10. Cont…
 Minimize land degradation:
i. Reducing land degradation is important for increasing
water use efficiency.
ii. No tillage.
 Establish a water management plan:
i. A good way of managing water use is to establish a
comprehensive water management plan for the farm that
identify water use and sources of pollution, water foot
prints of the crop, water efficiency plans within the farm.

11. Cont…
 Understand soil structure and manage
moisture conditions:
i. Understand how soil properties affect water storage.
ii. Soil moisture depend on climate, topography and
other soil characteristics.
 Use alternative sources of water:
i. Use of rain water collected from containers, roofs of farm
buildings.

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