Presentation slides for CSA meeting in Nepal in March 2014

1. Project rationale, activities and
accomplishments
CSA – Cambodia
2013 / 2014
Kathmandu CSA Meeting
4-5 March 2014

2. Project Rationale
• 2012 projects (Water innovations & Action Research)
• Further context analysis not done
• Planning according to Project doc:
• Align with PADEE project (main rice wet season of 2013)
• Partner =GDA; sub-departments of Rice Crop and Agricultural Extension.
• Expanding the CC vulnerability assessment to all 5 PADEE provinces, from the 1-2
provinces covered by PADEE project partner (IDE) and ACIAR.
• (a) improved fertiliser recommendations specific for soil types and (b) new rice
variety farmer adoption.
• Application of the HIT TVET approach; to incorporate the CSA recommendations
coming out of the field demonstrations into the GDA technical and extension
manuals. Make the HIT TVET approach applicable to agriculture sector with
specific focus on CSA.
• No ToC set up/ only activities (output level)
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3. Activities and accomplishment in 2013
1. Fertilizer on Farm Trial on Rice Plant during Wet season
2. Final evaluation of the pilot projects “rice and vegetable using
water storage and supply systems”
3. HIT application vulnerability assessment tools
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4. 1) Fertilizer on Farm Trial on Rice Plant at Wet season
• Addressing enabling environment; collaboration between key
stakeholders; RUA, CARDI, GDA
• Students involved; directly linking with learning agenda PADEE
• Existing Protocol; Recommendation on fertilizer use; for specific
soil types by Cambodian Agricultural Research and
Development Institute (CARDI).
• Changing of rice production techniques such as transplanting,
broadcasting, different seed rates and different varieties in
different seasons (wet, early wet and dry season)
• Assumption: current climate conditions (flood and
drought) caused a variation in chemical fertilizer rates
required to meet an optimum rice yield.
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5. The objectives
• Assess the optimum fertilizer application rates on the Prateah
Lang soil type through the comparison of different N P K rates;
• Determine the rice yield from different chemical fertilizer
application rates and make a comparison;
• Determine the financial investment rate of return
• Provide a better fertilizer recommendation rate for future on
the selected type; to be adopted by GDA and CARDI
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6. Activities
• The on-farm trials (3 locations) during wet-season 2013.
Prateah Lang soil type was selected to conduct on-farm trials,
• Phka Rumduol, medium rice variety
• The research by students of Faculty of Agronomy of Royal
University of Agriculture (RUA), and voluntary farmers.
• This assignment was technically supported and by 2 associate
researchers/lecturers of the Faculty of Agronomy science.
• Farm Field Day; collective harvesting and analysis of results
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7. Farmer Field day
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8. Accomplishment
• Optimum fertilizer application rate assessed
• The grain yield increased significantly with chemical fertilizer
application, comparable to no-fertilizer application.
• The profit was also statistically higher in chemical treatments.
• Students used the findings from the trials for their thesis
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9. Evaluation: Promotion of vegetable, and rice production through
water storage and supply systems enhancement
Rationale
• Flood and drought; the 2 main extreme climate events
occurring every year.
• Cambodia is vulnerable to the impacts of the climate change
due to low adaptive capacity.
• Limitation capacity of managing water resource
• Limitation of irrigation system, make majority of farmers
suffered from the lack of water to do crops cultivation,
especially dry season.
• Drilled wells were established in the past few years by farmers.
Farmers complained about their water dry up during the dry
season.
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10. Objectives:
A: Promoting vegetable crop production through water
storage and supply system enhancement
Assumption: Use of appropriate water storage, supply system,
reducing farmer expenses for diesel use to irrigate crops and
improving farming household income.
B: Rice production enhancement through wind-pump water
supply system.
Assumption: Rice production enhancement through use of wind
pump for water supply; reduce underground water pumping,
reduce the high expenses diesel cost and contribute to sustainable
water resource management.
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11. Project A:
The scenario one cost in average of 635$ (tarpaulin, Rovai pump
and farmer investment). Scenario two focuses on investment on
only tarpaulin-lining without Rovai pump costing 260$.
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12. Model
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13. Accomplishment – Tarpaulin pond & Rovai pump
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Indicators Accomplishment
Outputs:
10 plastic lining ponds will be developed.
Each pond has water storage capacity of
around 130m3;
• 10 plastic lining ponds developed
Outcome:
4 crop cycles per year will be implemented
by using quick growing crop species and
market demand vegetable varieties;
• 3 crop cycles of vegetable production.
Impact:
Increase farmer net income at least
US$400 per year generated from 1000m2
cultivated land;
• The net profit was seen as an increase
from $ 174 to $ 225.
• On average only 414 square meters for
vegetable cultivation
• 80% of the improved ponds were used
for fish-raising, for both home
consumption and sale.
Impact:
Deduct farmer’s expenses for diesel use to
pump water at least US$240/year;
• The cost of diesel/gasoline is
remarkably reduced from 19 $ to 5$.

14. Project B:
Wind pump used to contribute water supply to farmers, where farm
land situated near the water source by bringing water to the field.
Costs: 3,850 USD 2 pumps
Two pumps installed on the edge of a reservoir to bring water from
the reservoir to the nearby paddy fields; to reduce or avoid fuel-based
pumping and the use of underground water. Fifteen farming
households whose paddy fields are located near by the installed
pumps were selected to participate in the pilot project.
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15. Accomplishment: Wind pump
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Indicators Accomplishment
Output:
2 wind pumps installed in the
target location for supplying water
to rice and vegetable crops;
• 2 wind pumps installed and
groups trained in usage (2
groups)
Outcome:
Farmers have enough water to
irrigate 3 crop cycles/year by using
short, purity rice seed;
• No difference in # production
cycle achieved (2 cycles per
year)
Outcome:
4 hectare of paddy field with
enough water to irrigate;
• Four Farmers (about 26%) tried
to cultivate vegetable during
March to May. This additional
cultivation could provide either
vegetable for home consumption
or gross income from sale of
about USD118.

16. 16
Indicators Accomplishment
Outcome
• At least 36 tons of paddy will
produced by 4ha of rice field/
year;
Outcome
• 34.68 tons
Outcome:
Deduct farmer expenses on diesel
use at least US$1200/year;
Outcome
• diesel required for pumping
water is decreased from 13 litres
to 7 litres for the wet season rice
production, and reduced from 90
litres to 19 litres for the dry
season rice production.

17. 3) HIT + Vulnerability assessment tools
• Review of the vulnerability assessment tools (from Nepal) to
make more community friendly
• Field exercise was conducted in with cassava farmers in
Kampong Cham Province to test and validate the vulnerability
assessment tools
• Basic outline of HIT application (not finished)
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18. Activities in 2014
1. Recruitment of CSA advisor (done)
2. Formal context and stakeholder analysis for Rice,
Vegetable and Cassava crops (in process)
3. Wind pump innovation follow-up (in process)
4. Vulnerability assessment on cassava production in
Kampong Cham province (in process)
5. Second trial; fertilizer application in Prateshlang soil type
located in Takeo Province; 15 trials with total 315 plots
by 5 intern students of the RUA
6. MfR; design of TOC (in process), selection intervention
area and focus
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19. Context analysis for Rice, Vegetable
and Cassava crops
• Limited number of the development organization work on the
climate smart agriculture
• Limited sharing of best practices among practitioners
• The context and stakeholder analysis required as input for
designing of CSA TOC for SNV Cambodia; respond to the
problems and priority needs of the communities
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20. 2) Wind pump innovation follow-up
Objective:
• Follow up on usage of the equipment and other related
materials of the technologies in a responsible manner
• If we leave the equipment; ensure the windmills are in use by
the groups with valid User Management Committees
• or take away the equipment
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21. Conclusion:
• In general, wind mill attracted interest from all people, farmers, because it
provide a better water problem solving, supply water to farm without spending
money for purchasing pumping machine and diesel. Water can supply to crops
anytime they cultivated.
• Technical problem (rope break) too many times per year => water produced
by wind pump did not reach to the farmer needed. Farmer not able to fix the
problem (rope break) because they are scared to climb to fix rope on the 15
meter tall, they afraid accident would occurred. This much relied on technical
person from CDI, with they based near Phnom Penh (100km, away from the
area) to fix anytime that wind mill have problems;
• Limited wind blow is another factor that can make the water produced by wind
mill is limited.
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22. Propose next action for improving
the wind pump
• Good quality service from the service providers should be
provided
• Strengthen community participation to manage the wind
pump. Internal regulation must be developed within the farmer
group to specify role of members,
• Develop action plan for improving the water distribution
canal from the wind pump to the farm in order to provide fair
water distribution and utilization;
• Action plan for crop cultivation in the target area is
recommended, However, propose only vegetable crop that less
water consumption, rather then rice crop.
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23. Vulnerability assessment on cassava
production in Kampong Cham province
• Vulnerability assessment on cassava production in Kampong
Cham province conducted
• The vulnerability assessment tools (from Nepal) was used
• Major findings:
 Drought is the mayor climatic problem affecting the cassava
production; cassava production is delayed.
 Water logging from heavy rain rot the cassava tubers.
 In 2013, most of the cassava was affected by witches broom
disease, mealy bug, and the farmers have no proper solutions.
 The cassava is planted in monoculture for many years, affecting soil
fertility has degraded as cassava is planted on the same land for
several years. The yield of cassava has decreased from 20 t/ha in
the last ten years to about 10 t/ha in 2013.
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24. 4) fertilizer farm trials
• Second trial; fertilizer application in Prateshlang soil type
located in Takeo Province; 15 trials with total 315 plots by 5
intern students of the RUA
• Final reports (first and second trials) drafted
• A dialogue to be organized with CARDI, GDA, RUA and other
stakeholders
• Objectives of the dialogues is to present the findings on the
fertilizer on-farm trials; possibly with GIZ (ASEAN Bio-control
for sustainable Agrifood Systems
• GDA, CARDI, RUA, are interested to do more trials on the
different rates of P and K.
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25. MfR; design of TOC,
selection intervention area and focus
Focus:
• Water storage solutions for Vegetable VC
• Adapting production techniques (Cassava)
• Wind mill facing out
• Fertiliser dialogues
Intervention areas:
- Svay Rieng (overlap with PADEE and possibly FS)
- Kampong Cham (Cassava project)
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26. 26

27. Okun Charan!
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