Ashtanga Hridaya Sutrasthana Chapter 22 - GANDUSHADI VIDHI / गण्डूषादि विधि- mouth gargles and other therapies

1. Chapter - 22
GANDUSHADI VIDHI/
गण्डूषादि विधि-
mouth gargles and other therapies
gandusha –
procedure of holding liquids in the mouth

2. गण्डूषप्रकार/ kindsof gandusha
• चतुष्प्प्रकारो गण्डूषः स्निग्िः शमिशोििौ
रोपणश्च त्रयनतत्र त्रत्रषु योज्याश्चलादादिषु
अन्त्यो व्रणघ्िः
gandusha is of four kinds,
1. snigdha 2. shamana 3. shodhana 4. ropana
· lubricating,
with oils and fats
· for vata
imbalance disorder
· palliative
· for pitta
imbalance disorder
· purifying
· for kapha
imbalance disorder
· healing.
· healing of ulcers

3. 1. स्निग्ि गण्डूष / snigdhagandusha
• स्निग्िो अत्र निाद्िम्लाद पटुसाधितः
निेहः
1. lubricating
2. by the use of oil processed with herbs of
· निाद् - sweet,
· अम्लाद - sour and
· पटु - salt tastes.

4. 2. शमि गण्डूष / samana gandusha
• संशमिः ततक्तकषायमिुरौषिः
1. – palliative
2. is by herbs of
· ततक्त - bitter,
· कषाय - astringent and
· मिुर - sweet tastes.

5. 3. शोिि गण्डूष
• शोििः ततक्त कटु अमलाद पटूष्प्णः
1. purifying
2. is with herbs of
· bitter,
· pungent,
· sour,
· salt tastes and
· possessing ushna virya

6. 4. रोपणगण्डूष
• रोपणः पुिः
कषाय ततक्तकः
1. – healing
2. is with herbs of
· astringent and
· bitter.

7. गण्डूष द्रव्यं- liquidsused
• तत्र निेहः क्षीरं मिूिकम्
शुक्तं मध्यं रसो मूत्रं िान्तयाम्लादं च यथायथम्
कल्कयुुक्तं विपक्िं िा यथानपशं प्रयोेयेत ्
1. निेहः- fats – oil, ghee etc.,
2. क्षीरं - milk,
3. मिूिकम्- honey with water
4. शुक्तं – fermented gruel,
5. मध्यं – wine,
6. रसो / mamsarasa – juice of meat,
7. मूत्रं – urine of animals or
8.िान्तयाम्लादं – wash of grains fermented by
keeping overnight,
these liquids are commonly used in gandusha.

8. • the liquids may be mixed
· with a kalka (herbal paste)
· may be cooked or raw
· should be comfortable to touch
and to hold in the mouth.

9. 1. ततलादकल्कोिक / tilakalkodaka– sesame
seed paste with water –
– िन्ततहषु िन्ततचालादे मुखरोगे च िाततके
सुखोष्प्णमथिा शीतं ततलादकल्कोिकं दहतम्
गण्डूष िारणे
in conditions like
1. िन्ततहषु / dantaharsha – tingling of the teeth,
2. िन्ततचालादे / dantachala – shaky teeth, and
3. मुखरोगे च िाततके - disease of the mouth caused
by vata,
gandusha with water mixed with sesame seed paste
· either lukewarm
· or cold,
is useful.

10. for daily use
• ति्यं तलादं मंसरसोअथिा
for daily use,
· either sesame oil or
· meat soup
is good

11. Ghee - milk
• ऊषािाहास्न्तिते पाके क्षते चागन्ततुसंभिे
विषे क्षारास्ग्ििग्िे च सवपुिाुयं पयोअथिा
when there is
1. ऊषािाहास्न्तिते पाके - local or general burning
sensation (daha),
2. ulceration and
3. क्षते चागन्ततुसंभिे- wounds caused by foreign bodies,
4. विषे - contact with poison
5. क्षारा -alkalies (kshara) and
6. अस्ग्ििग्िे - burns by fire,
it is best to hold either ghee or milk

12. Madhu/ honey
• िशद्यं ेियतत आशु सन्तििातत मुखे व्रणाि ्
िाहतृष्प्णाप्रशमिं मिु गण्डूष िारणम्
holding honey in the mouth
1. िशद्यं ेियतत आशु - removes the sliminess
of the mouth,
2. सन्तििातत मुखे व्रणाि् -heals the ulcers
quickly,
3. िाहतृष्प्णाप्रशमिं - relieves burning sensation
and
4. thirst.

13. Dhanyaamla
• holding dhanyamla –
1. आनयिरनय - removes distaste,
2. मलाद - dirt (of teeth and tongue)
and
3. िौगुन्तध्यिाशिम ् - bad smell from
the mouth.

14. Dhanyaamla without salt
• तिेिालादिणं शीतं मुखशोषहरं परम्
1. शीतं - used cold,
2. मुखशोषहरं - is best to remove
dryness of the mouth.

15. Ksharambu /
water containingalkalies
आशु क्षाराम्बु गण्डूषोभभिावि शलादेष्प्मणश्चयम ्
- quickly breaks up the accumulation of
kapha.

16. Warm water
सुखोष्प्णोिकगण्डूषेाुयते िक्त्रलादाविम्
sukhoshnodakam / holding comfortable
brings about
1. िक्त्रलादाविम ् - lightness and cleansing of
the mouth

17. गण्डूष विधि / procedure
• तििाते सातपे स्निन्ति मृदित नकन्तिकन्तिरः
गण्डूषमवपबि् ककस्जेत् उन्तितानयो वििारयेत्
गण्डूषमवपबस्न्तििारयेत्
• 1. तििाते - the person should sit in a place devoid of
breeze
2. सातपे - but in sunlight
3. स्निन्ति मृदित नकन्तिकन्तिरः - his shoulders and neck
should be massaged and fomented;
4. ककस्जेत् उन्तितानयो - keeping his face slightly lifted
up,
कफपूणाुनयता याि्रि्राणाक्षताअथिा
he should hold the liquid in his mouth
1. कफपूणाुनयता - till the mouth gets filled with kapha or
2. याि्रि्राणाक्षताअथिा - till the nose and eyes start
secreting liquid.

18. कवल /
KAVALA /
MOUTH
GARGLES

19. Difference between kavala and gandusha
• असजेायो मुखे पूणे गण्डूषः, किलादो अन्तयथा
· filling the mouth with liquids fully not
permitting any movement inside is
gandusha.
· taking liquid into mouth and moving it
around by gargling for specific time period is
kavala

20. किलाद / kavala / mouthgargles
• मन्तयाभशरः कणुमुखाक्षक्षरोगाः प्रसेक कण्ठामयिक्त्रशोषाः
ह्रल्लादासतन्तद्रारुधच पीिसाश्च साध्या विषेशा्किलाद्रहहण
1. मन्तयाभशरः कणुमुखाक्षक्षरोगाः - diseases of the neck,
head, ears, mouth and eyes,
2. प्रसेक - praseka – excess salivation,
3. कण्ठामय - diseases of the throat,
4. िक्त्रशोषाः - dryness of the mouth,
5. ह्रुल्लादास - nausea,
6. तन्तद्रा /tandra – stupor,
7. अरुधच / aruchi – anorexia and
8.पीिसाश्च / peenasa – rhinitis
· are curable by kavala ·

21. PRATISARANA –
प्रतिसारण
COATING THE
MOUTH WITH
DRUGS

22. प्रततसारण / pratisarana
• – applying herbs to the interior of the mouth
with the finger
कल्को रसकिया चूणुः त्रत्रवििं प्रततसारणम्
युजज्यात् तत् कफरोगेषु गण्डूष विदहतौषिः
– is of three kinds, viz.
1. कल्को / kalka – in the form of paste
2. रसकिया / rasakriya – solidified decoction and
3. चूणुः / curna – powder
it should be
· done in diseases of kapha origin
· with the same herbs as suggested for gandusha.

23. मुखलेप/
MUKHALEPA –
APPLICATION OF PASTE
OF HERBS OVER THE
FACE

24. मुखलादेप/ mukhalepa–
application ofpaste of herbs over the face
• मुखलादेपः त्रत्रिा िोषविषहा िणुकृ च्च सः
mukhalepa is of three types –
1. िोषहा - doshaha – removing the
doshas,
2. विषहा - vishaha – removing poison and
3. िणुकृ च्च - varnakara – improving
complexion

25. Temperature of mukhalapa drug according to
dosha
उष्प्णा िातकफे शनतः, शेषेषु अ्यथुशीतलादः
it should be applied
· usna / warm - for vata and kapha
· seethala / cold - for pitta imbalance, .

26. Thickness of mukhalapa drug
1. त्रत्रप्रमाणः चतुभाुग त्रत्रभागाद्ुिाङ्गगुलादोन्तिाततः
Its three measurements / thickness -
1. minimum – 1/4th angula
2. medium – 1/3 angula
3. maximum – ½ angula
•

27. Whento remove mukhalepa
– अशुष्प्कनय स्नथततनतनय, शुष्प्को िूष्प्यततच्छविम्
तं आद्रुतय्िा अपियेत ् तिन्तते अभ्यङ्गग आचरेत ्
it should be allowed to remain till it becomes
dry;

28. what happensif mukhalepana becomesdry?
• when dry,
· it vitiates the skin colour,
· hence it should be removed soon after it becomes dry.
· while removing, it should be moistened for easy
removal.
after removal,
·
an अभ्यङ्गग / gentle oil massage should be given.

29. Things not to do
• वििेुयेस््ििानिप्िाभाष्प्याग्न्तयातप शुक् िु िः
the person should avoid
1. दििानिप्ि - day sleep,
2. भाष्प्या - speaking for long hours,
3 अग्न्तयातप. - exposure to fire and sunlight,
4 शुक्. - sorrow and
5. िु िः - anger
during the procedure.

30. मुखलादेप अिहु/ persons not fit for
mukhalepa
• ि योज्यः पीिसे अेीणेिििनये हिु्रहहे
अरोचके ेागररते
it should not be administered to persons suffering from
1. पीिसे / pinasa – rhinitis,
2. अेीणे / ajirna – indigestion,
3. िििनये / nasya – who have received nasya therapy
4. हिु्रहहे / hanugraha – locked jaw,
5.अरोचके / aruchi – anorexia
6.ेागररते – loss of sleep.

31. मुख लादेप लादाभ / mukhalepabenefits
• स तु हस्न्तत सुयोस्ेतः
अकालादपभलादत ियङ्गग िलादीततभमर िीभलादकाः
if properly done,
it cures
1. अकालादपभलादत – premature graying of hair,
2. ियङ्गग / vyanga – discolored patch on face
3. िलादी – wrinkles,
4. ततभमर / timira – blindness and
5. िीभलादकाः / neelika – bluish vision (a type of
blindness)

32. Mukhalepain relation to season
• the following six recipes are ideal
for the six seasons commencing with
hemanta –(early winter)
respectively.

33. 1. hemanta rtu
• कोलादमज्ेा िृषान्तमूलादं शाबरं गौरसषुपाः
for hemanta (early winter/ dewy
season)
· कोलादमज्ेा - marrow of kola,
· िृषान्तमूलादं - root of vrisha (vasa –
adhatoda vasica) ,
· शाबरं - sabara and
· गौरसषुपाः - gaurasarsapa (white
mustard).

34. 2. forshishira (winter)
• भसंहीमूलादं ततलादाः कृ ष्प्णा िािी्िङ्ग तिनतुषा
यिाः
· भसंहीमूलादं - root of simhi,
· ततलादाः कृ ष्प्णा - krisna tila (black
sesame),
· िािी्िङ्ग - bark of darvi and
· तिनतुषा यिाः - dehusked yava
(barley).

35. 3. for vasantha (spring)
• िभुमूलाददहमोशीरभशरीषभमभशतण्डुलादाः
– root of
· िभुमूलाद - darbha,
· दहमो - hima;
· उशीर - usheera,
· भशरीष - shirisha,
· भमभश - mishi and
· तण्डुलादाः - tandula (rice grains)

36. 4.for greeshma (summer)
• कु मुिो्पलादकल्हारिुिाुमिुकचन्तििम्
· कु मुि - kumuda,
· उ्पलाद - utpala
· , कल्हार - kalhara,
· िुिाु - durva,
· मिुक - madhuka and
· चन्तििम् - chandana
(sandalwood).

37. 5. varsha (rainy season)
• कालादीयकततलादोशीरमांसीतगरपद्मकम्
· कालादीयक - kaliyaka,
· ततलादो - tila,
· उशीर - usira,
· मांसी - mamsi,
· तगर - tagara and
· पद्मकम ् - padmaka.

38. 6. sharath (autumn)
• तालादीसगुन्तद्रापुण्राह्ियष्प्टीकाशाितागुरु
· तालादीस - talisa,
· गुन्तद्रा - gundra,
· पुण्राह्ि - pundrahva,
· यष्प्टी - yasti,
· काशा - kasa,
· िता - nata and
· अगुरु - aguru
इ्यद्ुिाद्ुिोदिता लादेपा हेमन्ततादिषु षट् नमृताः

39. Gunas ofमुख लादेप
• मुखालादेपिशीलादािां दृढम् भितत िशुिम्
िििं चापररम्लादािं श्लादक्षणं तामरसोपमम्
for those who are habituated to application of
paste of herbs on the face,
1. दृढम् भितत िशुिम् - the vision becomes keen,
2. िििं चापररम्लादािं - the face never dull,
· श्लादक्षणं - but smooth and
· तामरसोपमम् - brilliant resembling a lotus
flower.

40. मूिुतलादं / murdhataila –
application ofoilto the head
– अभ्यङ्गग सेक वपचिो बस्नतश्चेतत चतुविुिम्
मूिुतलादम् बहुगुणं तद्विद्यात् उिरोिरम्
is of 4 types.
·
• each successive one being more effective. means,
shirobasti is the most effective among the four.
1. shiro abhyanga /
अभ्यङ्ग
·
2. shiro pariseka
/ सेक
3. shiro pichu / पपचवो 4. shiro basti / बस्ति
smearing oil and
mild massage,
· pouring oil
in continuous
stream,
keeping cloth soaked
in oil over the entire
area of scalp
making the oil stand
on the head

41. 1. shiroabhyanga/ भशरो अभ्यङ्गग
• तत्राभ्यङ्गगः प्रयोक्तव्यो रौक्ष्य कण्डू मलादादिषु
· applying oil and
· doing mild massage
should be used in cases of
1 रौक्ष्य - .dryness,
2. कण्डू - itching and
3 मलादादिषु .- dirtyness

42. pariseka – pouringoilina thin stream
• it is also known as shirodhara.
अरं वषका भशरनतोि िाहपाकव्रणेषु तु
पररषेकः
is useful in
1. अरं वषका - ulcerations of the scalp,
2. भशरनतोि - headache,
3. िाह - burning sensation,
4. पाक - wounds, and
5 व्रणेषु. - suppurations in the scalp.

43. shiro pichu–
oilsoaked cloth / cotton swabs
• वपचुः के शशात नफु टि िूपिे
,useful in case of
1. के शशात - falling of hairs,
2. नफु टि - cracking of the skin and
3. िूपिे- feeling of burning sensation.

44. भशरोबस्नत/ shirobasti –
makingthe oilto stand on the head
• िेत्रनतम्भे च बस्नतनतु प्रसुस्प्त अदिुतेागरे
िासानयशोषे ततभमरे भशरोरोगे च िारुणे
in cases of
1. िेत्रनतम्भे / netrasthamba – lack of movement of eyeball
2. प्रसुस्प्त / prasupti – loss of sensation of the scalp,
3. अदिुत. / ardita – facial palsy,
4. ेागरे /jagara – loss of sleep,
5.िासानयशोषे / nasya shosha – dryness of the nose and mouth,
6.ततभमरे / timira – blindness and
7. भशरोरोगे च िारुणे / daruna shiroroga – dreadful diseases of the head

45. sirobasthividhi/ procedure
• विधिनतनय तिषण्णनयपीठे ेािुसमे मृिौ
शुद्िाक्तस्निन्तििेहनय दििान्तते गव्यमादहषम्
द्िािशाङ्गगुलादविनतीणं चमुपट्टं भशरः
आकणुबन्तििनथािं लादलादाटे िनत्रिेस्ष्प्टते
चलादिेणणकया बद्िा माषकल्के ि लादेपयेत ्
ततो यथाव्याधि श्रुतं निेहं कोष्प्णं तिषेचयेत ्
ऊध्िं के शभुिो याििङ्गगुलादं िारयेचच तम ्
आिक्त्रिाभसको क्लादेिाद्िशाष्प्टौ षट् चलादादिषु
मात्रासहराण्यरुेे ्िेकं नकन्तिादि मिुयेत ्
मुक्तनिेहनय परमं सप्ताहं तनय सेििम्

46. • 1. the person who has been purified – with
vamana, virechana etc., should be gently
massaged with oil
· and given mild fomentation.
2. then at the closing of the day (evening)
· he should be made to sit on a stool of the
height of the knee,
· a strap of leather made from the leather of
either cow or buffalo,
· twelve angula in width ( 8 – 9 inches) and
· equal to that of the head in circumference
should be wrapped around the head,
· just above the ears,
· covered by a piece of cloth over the
forehead,
· and fastened tight with a thread.

47. • the joints and intervening spaces should be
packed with paste of black gram flour in
order to prevent leakage of oil.
· then, medicated oil prescribed for the
disease, should be poured over the head, in
luke warm condition,
· to a height of one angula over the skin of
the scalp.

48. Maatrakala/
time for holdingthe medicine
• आिक्त्रिाभसको क्लादेिाद्िशाष्प्टौ षट् चलादादिषु
मात्रासहराण्यरुेे ्िेकं
1.आिक्त्रिाभसको क्लादेिाद् - it should be held till
secretion of fluid appears in the mouth and nose,
•
2. or for a period of
·
•
• 1 matra kala = time required to blink the eye once.
10,000 matra kala for vata
· 8,000 matra kala for pitta
· 6,000 matra kala for kapha
· 1000 matra kala for svastha / healthy person

49. Anantara kriya
• नकन्तिादि मिुयेत ्
मुक्तनिेहनय परमं सप्ताहं तनय सेििम्
after this period,
· the shoulders etc. should be
massaged, after removing the oil over
the head.
· seven days shall be the maximum
period for this therapy.

50. कणुपूरणं/
fillingthe ears with the oil
• िारये्पूणं कणे कणुमूलादं विमिुयि्
रुेः नयान्तमािुिं याि्मात्राशतमिेििे
· the ears should be filled with
medicated fat/oil
· root of the ears massaged, till the
pain or the disease subsides
· and for a period of one thousand
matra kala in case of healthy persons.

51. मात्राकालाद
• याि्पयेतत हनता्रहं िक्षक्षणं ेािुमण्डलादम्
तिमेषोन्तमेषकालादेि समं मात्रा तु सा नमृता
· the time required for the finger of
the right hand to move around the right
knee once
· or the time required for closing and
opening of the eyelids once
is defined as a matrakala

52. मूिुतलाद फलाद / murdhataila phala – benefitsof
oilingof the head
• कचसििाभसततिवपस्जेर्िं पररफु ट भशरसः समीररोगाि्
ेयतत ेियतत इस्न्तद्रयप्रसािं निरहिुमूद्ुिबलादं च मूद्ुितलादम ्
oiling of the head
prevents/cures
1. falling,
2. graying and
3. matting of the hair,
4 . पररफु टम ्. - cracking of skin of the scalp,
5 . भशरसः समीररोगाि् ेयतत - diseases of the head of vata
imbalance,
6 ेियततइस्न्तद्रयप्रसािं . produces clarity of sense organs,
7.निरहिुमूद्ुिबलादं imparts strength to the voice, jaw and head.