Poplar Network, the leader in LEED education and green building networking for professionals, shows you the logistics and benefits of a net zero building. Considering building a residential or commercial building? Minimize long-term costs with these great insights.
IES Faculty - IESVE as a Design Application & Part L ClinicIES VE
The document provides an overview of new features in the IES VE2013 software update, including:
1) A master templates wizard that allows design strategies to be easily transferred between models without geometry.
2) An expanded parametric batch processor that allows single parameter changes to be applied to multiple models.
3) Tab editing capabilities for ModelIT parameters such as room name, type, and area calculations.
4) New cost analysis, lifecycle cost analysis, and lifecycle assessment features using UK industry standards.
This document outlines the task and baseline design for an energy model of a 250,000 square foot hospital with 3 above-ground floors and 1 basement floor located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The objective is to modify and analyze the simulated results of the baseline design, which considers an 'H' shape and 'U' shape floor plan without daylight control or renewable energy. Baseline zones, areas, construction materials, and seasons are defined. Preliminary electric and gas consumption results for the 'H' and 'U' shapes are also provided for comparison.
This document provides an overview of ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Appendix G Performance Rating Method, which provides modeling rules for rating building designs that aim to exceed minimum energy code compliance. It describes key aspects of the performance rating method including how it allows for more flexible modeling of energy efficiency measures compared to a basic code compliance model. It also summarizes federal building energy efficiency requirements and LEED rating systems that reference Appendix G for demonstrating energy savings above minimum standards.
1) The document provides an overview of a 4-hour presentation on LEED certification and exam preparation. It includes a case study of a LEED-certified home remodel project in Arizona.
2) The case study describes the LEED process and lessons learned, including comparisons to other rating systems. It discusses considerations around material selection, costs, energy analysis, and tax benefits.
3) It also explains the NAHB green rating system and compares the top priorities of LEED and NAHB.
A zero energy building is a building that produces as much energy as it consumes annually through renewable energy sources like solar panels and wind turbines. It has highly efficient design and construction features to minimize energy usage. A zero energy building generates enough renewable energy to meet its own annual energy consumption through solar, wind, or other renewable sources. It can be connected to the electric grid but has no net energy consumption on an annual basis. Zero energy buildings reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel dependence compared to conventional buildings.
Zero Energy Building in Malaysia by SEDA MalaysiaSteve Lojuntin
Objective of ZEB:
To promote the adoption of super low carbon green building by using alternative method focusing purely on sustainable energy practices, starting with advance energy efficiency measures in reducing overall energy demand or consumption and offsetting the balance of minimum energy needed by using on-site renewable energy.
a) Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) is an advance Low Carbon Building initiatives.
b) It is a few steps ahead towards achieving Net Zero Building (NZEB) or Carbon Neutral Building (operational carbon).
c) Focus mainly to building element that have direct impact on carbon reduction which is sustainable energy (EE & RE).
d) Focus on basic, practical & viable elements in sustainable building (quantitative – measurable, recordable and reportable).
Global race on nZEB in Europe and Japan (by 2020 – 2030).
e) Attempt for nZEB / ZEB has been started in Malaysia since 2002.
f) Current assessment tool available in Malaysia, based on energy & carbon reduction.
Poplar Network, the leader in LEED education and green building networking for professionals, shows you the logistics and benefits of a net zero building. Considering building a residential or commercial building? Minimize long-term costs with these great insights.
IES Faculty - IESVE as a Design Application & Part L ClinicIES VE
The document provides an overview of new features in the IES VE2013 software update, including:
1) A master templates wizard that allows design strategies to be easily transferred between models without geometry.
2) An expanded parametric batch processor that allows single parameter changes to be applied to multiple models.
3) Tab editing capabilities for ModelIT parameters such as room name, type, and area calculations.
4) New cost analysis, lifecycle cost analysis, and lifecycle assessment features using UK industry standards.
This document outlines the task and baseline design for an energy model of a 250,000 square foot hospital with 3 above-ground floors and 1 basement floor located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The objective is to modify and analyze the simulated results of the baseline design, which considers an 'H' shape and 'U' shape floor plan without daylight control or renewable energy. Baseline zones, areas, construction materials, and seasons are defined. Preliminary electric and gas consumption results for the 'H' and 'U' shapes are also provided for comparison.
This document provides an overview of ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Appendix G Performance Rating Method, which provides modeling rules for rating building designs that aim to exceed minimum energy code compliance. It describes key aspects of the performance rating method including how it allows for more flexible modeling of energy efficiency measures compared to a basic code compliance model. It also summarizes federal building energy efficiency requirements and LEED rating systems that reference Appendix G for demonstrating energy savings above minimum standards.
1) The document provides an overview of a 4-hour presentation on LEED certification and exam preparation. It includes a case study of a LEED-certified home remodel project in Arizona.
2) The case study describes the LEED process and lessons learned, including comparisons to other rating systems. It discusses considerations around material selection, costs, energy analysis, and tax benefits.
3) It also explains the NAHB green rating system and compares the top priorities of LEED and NAHB.
A zero energy building is a building that produces as much energy as it consumes annually through renewable energy sources like solar panels and wind turbines. It has highly efficient design and construction features to minimize energy usage. A zero energy building generates enough renewable energy to meet its own annual energy consumption through solar, wind, or other renewable sources. It can be connected to the electric grid but has no net energy consumption on an annual basis. Zero energy buildings reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel dependence compared to conventional buildings.
Zero Energy Building in Malaysia by SEDA MalaysiaSteve Lojuntin
Objective of ZEB:
To promote the adoption of super low carbon green building by using alternative method focusing purely on sustainable energy practices, starting with advance energy efficiency measures in reducing overall energy demand or consumption and offsetting the balance of minimum energy needed by using on-site renewable energy.
a) Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) is an advance Low Carbon Building initiatives.
b) It is a few steps ahead towards achieving Net Zero Building (NZEB) or Carbon Neutral Building (operational carbon).
c) Focus mainly to building element that have direct impact on carbon reduction which is sustainable energy (EE & RE).
d) Focus on basic, practical & viable elements in sustainable building (quantitative – measurable, recordable and reportable).
Global race on nZEB in Europe and Japan (by 2020 – 2030).
e) Attempt for nZEB / ZEB has been started in Malaysia since 2002.
f) Current assessment tool available in Malaysia, based on energy & carbon reduction.
Ashrae standards for energy efficiency in buildingsUNEP OzonAction
This document discusses several ASHRAE standards related to building energy efficiency, including Standard 90.1, Standard 90.2, the Green Building Standard, Standard 189.1, and building energy labels. Standard 90.1 provides minimum energy efficiency requirements for commercial buildings, while Standard 90.2 does the same for residential buildings. The Green Building Standard and Standard 189.1 establish benchmarks for sustainable green buildings. Building energy labels provide information on a building's energy use and performance to help differentiate buildings.
Ms. Victoria Burrows, Project Manager, Advancing Net Zero
World GBC, gave presentation on Zero Carbon Buildings at 15th Green Building Congress 2017 event at Jaipur
The presentation will include the following topics:
- Fundamentals of energy modeling
- Overview of the eQUEST energy modeling program
- Recommendations for integrating energy modeling into the design process
- Brief description of baseline energy modeling using ASHRAE Appendix G
- Recommended strategies for reducing energy use
- How to review energy modeling results
-Common problems and how to avoid them
amount of energy used is equal to amount of renewable energy created on the site
reduce carbon emissions & reduce dependence on fossil fuels
Buildings that produce a surplus of energy over the year are called “Energy Surplus Buildings”
During the last 20 years more than 200 reputable projects claiming net zero energy balance have been realized all over the world.
NZEB buildings consequently contribute less overall greenhouse gas to the atmosphere than similar non-ZNE buildings. They do at times consume non-renewable energy and produce greenhouse gases, but at other times reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas production elsewhere by the same amount. Traditional buildings consume 40% of the total fossil fuel energy in all over the world and are significant contributors of greenhouse gases.
This document discusses sustainable design for green buildings and urban habitats. It notes that population growth and increased resource use have led to environmental degradation through pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and habitat destruction. All of these factors are straining the Earth's carrying capacity. Sustainable development aims to meet current needs without compromising future generations by designing buildings that reduce energy and resource consumption through techniques like passive solar design, use of local and recycled materials, and water conservation.
Comparisons of building energy simulation softwaresZheng Yang
This document summarizes and compares several building energy simulation programs in terms of their capabilities to couple occupancy information with HVAC energy simulation. It finds that while many programs can perform energy simulation, few systematically analyze the relationship between occupancy and HVAC energy use. It identifies gaps in research and calls for studies that incorporate occupancy data into simulation and evaluate its effects on HVAC energy consumption and the response of HVAC systems to occupancy-based controls. The document also reviews commonly used simulation programs and finds that they use different approaches to model heat transfer, load calculation, occupancy-HVAC connection, HVAC modeling, and simulation, with varying degrees of accuracy, flexibility, and user friendliness.
Building Enclosures of the Future - Building Tomorrow's Buildings TodayRDH Building Science
- Trends and Drivers for Improved Building Enclosures & Whole Building Energy Efficiency
- New BCBC & VBBL Building & Energy Code Updates
- Effective R-values & Insulation Behaviour
- Highly Insulated Walls – Alternate Assemblies & New Cladding Attachment Strategies
- Highly Insulated Low-Slope Roofs – Insulation Strategies & New Research into Conventional Roofs
Making Cities Zero Carbon -- issues and optionJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for their dualities and contradictions, positivity and negativities, inclusion and exclusion, poverty and prosperity, luxury housing and slums, planned and unplanned development, innovations and depravity, good and bad, pleasant and ugliness. All these contradictions are the outcome of the way we are planning, designing and managing cities. If cities are bringing prosperity, they are also creating global crisis. Majority of global ills of global warming, rising temperature, natural crisis is the outcome of how we are treating the cities. Cities are being conceived as anti-thesis to nature and accordingly they are creating crisis including crisis of very human existence. Cities need to be treated in a better and rational manner by planning and designing them in logical manner. Cities need to be looked as integral part of nature and not looked as a commodity for sale and making profit. Cities not to be treated as a market place where one hopes to earn money and generate wealth. They have to be looked as places for human living – giving human beings an environment, where they can lead happy and healthy life. Cities need to be planned with nature using natural resources. They need to be made more effective and efficient. Cities need to be made producers rather than consumers of natural and non-renewable resources. They need to be made more livable and supportive to human living and nature. Cities need respect and care. We need to heal its wounds. If cites continue to be treated like they are being treated now, they are going to become major source of impending crisis , making human living most challenging on this planet. Accordingly, we need to relook, review, redefine and revise our options of planning, travel and creating built environment.
This document provides an overview of direct air carbon capture (DAC) technology. It discusses how DAC works to capture carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere using sorbent materials. The captured CO2 can then be stored underground or used for other purposes. While DAC has potential benefits, it also faces challenges like high costs and energy requirements. Ongoing research aims to improve the efficiency and scalability of DAC systems.
Solar project development requires engaging many stakeholders to create value for customers. Key factors for successful projects include suitable location, securing permits and power agreements, and obtaining financing. While policies have driven solar growth in the US and Europe, economics are increasingly important. Developing projects in other areas presents additional challenges around local culture, regulations, and political stability but offers opportunities through obsolete fossil generation.
The document discusses good practices for improving energy efficiency in buildings. It outlines several key features of green buildings including using energy efficient equipment, renewable energy sources, and recycled/environmentally friendly materials. Green buildings can reduce operating costs by 30-40% while also providing health, comfort and productivity benefits. The document then provides examples of typical green building practices and technologies related to energy use, water use, materials selection and indoor environmental quality.
This document discusses two key factors - utilization factor and diversity factor - that must be considered when assessing the load on an electrical power system, rather than simply adding all individual loads. It provides examples of typical utilization factors for different equipment like motors and lights. It also defines diversity factor as the ratio of non-coincident peak loads of subdivisions to the total system peak load, and defines the related concept of coincidence factor. It includes a table of standard coincidence factors for different numbers and types of distribution circuits. Finally, it provides an example calculation that applies these factors to determine the actual estimated maximum load of 18.9 kVA for a system with a total installed capacity of 45 kVA.
Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant: Best PracticesPuneet Jaggi
The document outlines the key steps in executing a solar power project from allocation to execution:
1) Land and site finalization includes assessing meteorological resources, connectivity to the grid, soil conditions, and availability of manpower and water.
2) A detailed project report covers site analysis, technology selection, plant design, energy estimates, and project finances.
3) An EPC contractor is selected through a bidding process based on experience, equipment, cost, and guarantees.
4) Drawings and design are vetted for safety, strength, and optimal performance.
5) Onsite monitoring ensures quality, compliance with standards, and documentation during construction.
6) Commissioning validates performance
The document outlines lessons learned from electrical construction issues at the Waste Treatment Plant project. It discusses implementing enhanced supplier inspections and NEC code compliance inspections for temporary power installations. It also covers improving electrical design compliance through code training, procuring medium voltage equipment and training, and enhancing lockout/tagout procedures to meet operational safety standards. The overall goal is to apply these lessons to improve electrical safety and performance at the Waste Treatment Plant.
This document provides a summary of a final presentation for a green building assessment of Butwal Power Company Limited using the CASBEE assessment method. The presentation covers an introduction to green building and CASBEE, a case study of Butwal Power Company, an analysis of its green building features, and a calculation of its BEE value rating. Key features assessed include the building's EAT system, materials used, lighting, and its solar panels with a total capacity of 34kw. The presentation concludes with recommending further improvements to enhance the building's sustainability.
1. The document outlines 24 concepts to know to pass the LEED AP exams, including prerequisites, minimum program requirements, potential technologies and strategies, LEED certification steps, and calculations related to densities, floor area ratios, indoor water use reduction, solar reflectance index, renewable energy production, green power and carbon offsets, and flush-out requirements.
2. Key concepts include prerequisites for becoming a LEED AP, minimum program requirements for LEED certification, reference standards and guides, the LEED certification process, and calculations required for various water, energy, and indoor air quality credits.
3. Memorizing the concepts, especially those related to calculations, is important for passing the exams.
TECNALIA is a leading applied research center in Spain that identifies business opportunities through applied research. One of its divisions focuses on sustainable construction, promoting transformation and solutions to challenges in the sector. The division has expertise in areas like innovative and sustainable materials, industrialized construction processes, smart buildings and cities, and infrastructure. It has various facilities and over 1,500 experts for research and collaboration with companies.
Optimized Energy Management and planning tools for the Iron and Steel Industr...Schneider Electric
With Iron and Steel industry being the 2nd largest energy consuming industrial sector, it is important to analyze and take measures for reducing energy consumption in steel plants as well as increasing productivity and improve bottom line. This presentation describes what Energy Management process is and provides tips for execution.
Ashrae standards for energy efficiency in buildingsUNEP OzonAction
This document discusses several ASHRAE standards related to building energy efficiency, including Standard 90.1, Standard 90.2, the Green Building Standard, Standard 189.1, and building energy labels. Standard 90.1 provides minimum energy efficiency requirements for commercial buildings, while Standard 90.2 does the same for residential buildings. The Green Building Standard and Standard 189.1 establish benchmarks for sustainable green buildings. Building energy labels provide information on a building's energy use and performance to help differentiate buildings.
Ms. Victoria Burrows, Project Manager, Advancing Net Zero
World GBC, gave presentation on Zero Carbon Buildings at 15th Green Building Congress 2017 event at Jaipur
The presentation will include the following topics:
- Fundamentals of energy modeling
- Overview of the eQUEST energy modeling program
- Recommendations for integrating energy modeling into the design process
- Brief description of baseline energy modeling using ASHRAE Appendix G
- Recommended strategies for reducing energy use
- How to review energy modeling results
-Common problems and how to avoid them
amount of energy used is equal to amount of renewable energy created on the site
reduce carbon emissions & reduce dependence on fossil fuels
Buildings that produce a surplus of energy over the year are called “Energy Surplus Buildings”
During the last 20 years more than 200 reputable projects claiming net zero energy balance have been realized all over the world.
NZEB buildings consequently contribute less overall greenhouse gas to the atmosphere than similar non-ZNE buildings. They do at times consume non-renewable energy and produce greenhouse gases, but at other times reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas production elsewhere by the same amount. Traditional buildings consume 40% of the total fossil fuel energy in all over the world and are significant contributors of greenhouse gases.
This document discusses sustainable design for green buildings and urban habitats. It notes that population growth and increased resource use have led to environmental degradation through pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and habitat destruction. All of these factors are straining the Earth's carrying capacity. Sustainable development aims to meet current needs without compromising future generations by designing buildings that reduce energy and resource consumption through techniques like passive solar design, use of local and recycled materials, and water conservation.
Comparisons of building energy simulation softwaresZheng Yang
This document summarizes and compares several building energy simulation programs in terms of their capabilities to couple occupancy information with HVAC energy simulation. It finds that while many programs can perform energy simulation, few systematically analyze the relationship between occupancy and HVAC energy use. It identifies gaps in research and calls for studies that incorporate occupancy data into simulation and evaluate its effects on HVAC energy consumption and the response of HVAC systems to occupancy-based controls. The document also reviews commonly used simulation programs and finds that they use different approaches to model heat transfer, load calculation, occupancy-HVAC connection, HVAC modeling, and simulation, with varying degrees of accuracy, flexibility, and user friendliness.
Building Enclosures of the Future - Building Tomorrow's Buildings TodayRDH Building Science
- Trends and Drivers for Improved Building Enclosures & Whole Building Energy Efficiency
- New BCBC & VBBL Building & Energy Code Updates
- Effective R-values & Insulation Behaviour
- Highly Insulated Walls – Alternate Assemblies & New Cladding Attachment Strategies
- Highly Insulated Low-Slope Roofs – Insulation Strategies & New Research into Conventional Roofs
Making Cities Zero Carbon -- issues and optionJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for their dualities and contradictions, positivity and negativities, inclusion and exclusion, poverty and prosperity, luxury housing and slums, planned and unplanned development, innovations and depravity, good and bad, pleasant and ugliness. All these contradictions are the outcome of the way we are planning, designing and managing cities. If cities are bringing prosperity, they are also creating global crisis. Majority of global ills of global warming, rising temperature, natural crisis is the outcome of how we are treating the cities. Cities are being conceived as anti-thesis to nature and accordingly they are creating crisis including crisis of very human existence. Cities need to be treated in a better and rational manner by planning and designing them in logical manner. Cities need to be looked as integral part of nature and not looked as a commodity for sale and making profit. Cities not to be treated as a market place where one hopes to earn money and generate wealth. They have to be looked as places for human living – giving human beings an environment, where they can lead happy and healthy life. Cities need to be planned with nature using natural resources. They need to be made more effective and efficient. Cities need to be made producers rather than consumers of natural and non-renewable resources. They need to be made more livable and supportive to human living and nature. Cities need respect and care. We need to heal its wounds. If cites continue to be treated like they are being treated now, they are going to become major source of impending crisis , making human living most challenging on this planet. Accordingly, we need to relook, review, redefine and revise our options of planning, travel and creating built environment.
This document provides an overview of direct air carbon capture (DAC) technology. It discusses how DAC works to capture carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere using sorbent materials. The captured CO2 can then be stored underground or used for other purposes. While DAC has potential benefits, it also faces challenges like high costs and energy requirements. Ongoing research aims to improve the efficiency and scalability of DAC systems.
Solar project development requires engaging many stakeholders to create value for customers. Key factors for successful projects include suitable location, securing permits and power agreements, and obtaining financing. While policies have driven solar growth in the US and Europe, economics are increasingly important. Developing projects in other areas presents additional challenges around local culture, regulations, and political stability but offers opportunities through obsolete fossil generation.
The document discusses good practices for improving energy efficiency in buildings. It outlines several key features of green buildings including using energy efficient equipment, renewable energy sources, and recycled/environmentally friendly materials. Green buildings can reduce operating costs by 30-40% while also providing health, comfort and productivity benefits. The document then provides examples of typical green building practices and technologies related to energy use, water use, materials selection and indoor environmental quality.
This document discusses two key factors - utilization factor and diversity factor - that must be considered when assessing the load on an electrical power system, rather than simply adding all individual loads. It provides examples of typical utilization factors for different equipment like motors and lights. It also defines diversity factor as the ratio of non-coincident peak loads of subdivisions to the total system peak load, and defines the related concept of coincidence factor. It includes a table of standard coincidence factors for different numbers and types of distribution circuits. Finally, it provides an example calculation that applies these factors to determine the actual estimated maximum load of 18.9 kVA for a system with a total installed capacity of 45 kVA.
Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant: Best PracticesPuneet Jaggi
The document outlines the key steps in executing a solar power project from allocation to execution:
1) Land and site finalization includes assessing meteorological resources, connectivity to the grid, soil conditions, and availability of manpower and water.
2) A detailed project report covers site analysis, technology selection, plant design, energy estimates, and project finances.
3) An EPC contractor is selected through a bidding process based on experience, equipment, cost, and guarantees.
4) Drawings and design are vetted for safety, strength, and optimal performance.
5) Onsite monitoring ensures quality, compliance with standards, and documentation during construction.
6) Commissioning validates performance
The document outlines lessons learned from electrical construction issues at the Waste Treatment Plant project. It discusses implementing enhanced supplier inspections and NEC code compliance inspections for temporary power installations. It also covers improving electrical design compliance through code training, procuring medium voltage equipment and training, and enhancing lockout/tagout procedures to meet operational safety standards. The overall goal is to apply these lessons to improve electrical safety and performance at the Waste Treatment Plant.
This document provides a summary of a final presentation for a green building assessment of Butwal Power Company Limited using the CASBEE assessment method. The presentation covers an introduction to green building and CASBEE, a case study of Butwal Power Company, an analysis of its green building features, and a calculation of its BEE value rating. Key features assessed include the building's EAT system, materials used, lighting, and its solar panels with a total capacity of 34kw. The presentation concludes with recommending further improvements to enhance the building's sustainability.
1. The document outlines 24 concepts to know to pass the LEED AP exams, including prerequisites, minimum program requirements, potential technologies and strategies, LEED certification steps, and calculations related to densities, floor area ratios, indoor water use reduction, solar reflectance index, renewable energy production, green power and carbon offsets, and flush-out requirements.
2. Key concepts include prerequisites for becoming a LEED AP, minimum program requirements for LEED certification, reference standards and guides, the LEED certification process, and calculations required for various water, energy, and indoor air quality credits.
3. Memorizing the concepts, especially those related to calculations, is important for passing the exams.
TECNALIA is a leading applied research center in Spain that identifies business opportunities through applied research. One of its divisions focuses on sustainable construction, promoting transformation and solutions to challenges in the sector. The division has expertise in areas like innovative and sustainable materials, industrialized construction processes, smart buildings and cities, and infrastructure. It has various facilities and over 1,500 experts for research and collaboration with companies.
Optimized Energy Management and planning tools for the Iron and Steel Industr...Schneider Electric
With Iron and Steel industry being the 2nd largest energy consuming industrial sector, it is important to analyze and take measures for reducing energy consumption in steel plants as well as increasing productivity and improve bottom line. This presentation describes what Energy Management process is and provides tips for execution.
The document discusses requirements for HVAC systems and components in commercial buildings. It specifies that HVAC equipment must meet minimum efficiency standards in various climate zones to qualify for eliminating economizer requirements. Controls are required to prevent simultaneous heating and cooling and allow temperature setbacks. Ducts and piping must be insulated meeting certain standards. Air systems over 10,000 CFM must have balancing dampers.
The document provides information on air filter selection based on efficiency ratings. It lists various filter types and their corresponding efficiency ratings using the MERV, arrestance, and European efficiency scale. Filters with higher MERV and efficiency ratings are better at capturing smaller particles. Extended surface filters like pocket filters and rigid cell filters are recommended for capturing 95% or more of airborne particles.
US DOE 90.1 2010 HVAC & SWH-presentations_中英對照erik chiang
This document summarizes key requirements for HVAC compliance from ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2010. It discusses compliance options including prescriptive and trade-off options. For alterations to existing HVAC systems, the standard requires meeting certain provisions while providing exceptions. It also summarizes the simplified compliance approach available for small buildings, including criteria for single zone VAV controls, equipment efficiency standards, economizer requirements, and exceptions.
3. ASHRAE Standard 90.1 2010 江金海編譯
2
This translation is only for the use of building energy efficiency technology research and printing, copying, or
distribution of this document must be obtained the consent.
本 翻 譯 僅 供 個 人 建 築 節 能 技 術 研 究 使 用 , 本 文 件 的 列 印 、 複 製 或 發 佈 均 需 取 得 同 意 。
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY THIS DOCUMENT IS A TRANSLATION OF THE ENGLISH STANDARD
ASHRAE 90.1 ‐ 2010. I DO NOT GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY OF THE TRANSLATION. AND I SHALL
NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIMS AGAINST OR DAMAGES OR LOSSES (DIRECT OR INDIRECT,
ACTUAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL) SUFFERED BY ANYONE DUE TO ERRORS OR MISTAKES IN
TRANSLATION WHO RELIES ON THIS TRANSLATED VERSION OF THE STANDARD. IN THE CASE OF
ANY CONFLICT BETWEEN THIS TRANSLATED DOCUMENT AND THE ENGLISH VERSION OF THE
STANDARD, THE ENGLISH VERSION SHALL CONTROL.
責任限制 本文件為 ASHRAE Standard 90.1 – 2010英文版之翻譯,翻譯版中會有錯誤的地方,
本人不保證此翻譯版的精確性。對於任何個人或單位因依賴此標準的翻譯版所引起的損失和
傷害,本人將不會承擔任何責任和任何賠償(包括直接、間接、現在或以後可能發生)。當本
標準之英文版和翻譯版發生矛盾的時候,以英文版為準。