Presentation by Paula Dominguez-Salas and Julia de Bruyn at the Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20-24 June 2016.
An overview of village chicken-keeping practices in Sanza ward in Singida re...Elpidius Rukambile
This study describes existing chicken-keeping practices in Sanza ward, Manyoni District in Central Tanzania propose possible interventions to maximize the benefits obtained from village chickens.
Core disciplines in agriculture-nutrition-health research: NutritionILRI
Presented by Jody Harris, Paula Dominguez and Dominic Rowland at the Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20-24 June 2016.
Presentation by Delia Grace at the 8th multi-stakeholder partnership meeting of the Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 11–15 June 2018.
Direct market costs of aflatoxins in Kenyan dairy value chainILRI
Presented by D.M. Senerwa, N. Mtimet, A.J. Sirma, J. Nzuma, E.K. Kang'ethe, J.F. Lindahl and D. Grace at the Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20-24 June 2016.
Investigating the current and potential role of local biodiversity in meeting nutritional requirements from complementary foods of infants and young children (6-23 months) in Southern Benin. West Africa, Gervais Ntandou-Bouzitou, Bioversity International
An overview of village chicken-keeping practices in Sanza ward in Singida re...Elpidius Rukambile
This study describes existing chicken-keeping practices in Sanza ward, Manyoni District in Central Tanzania propose possible interventions to maximize the benefits obtained from village chickens.
Core disciplines in agriculture-nutrition-health research: NutritionILRI
Presented by Jody Harris, Paula Dominguez and Dominic Rowland at the Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20-24 June 2016.
Presentation by Delia Grace at the 8th multi-stakeholder partnership meeting of the Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 11–15 June 2018.
Direct market costs of aflatoxins in Kenyan dairy value chainILRI
Presented by D.M. Senerwa, N. Mtimet, A.J. Sirma, J. Nzuma, E.K. Kang'ethe, J.F. Lindahl and D. Grace at the Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20-24 June 2016.
Investigating the current and potential role of local biodiversity in meeting nutritional requirements from complementary foods of infants and young children (6-23 months) in Southern Benin. West Africa, Gervais Ntandou-Bouzitou, Bioversity International
Presented by Shirley Tarawali, Dolapo Enahoro and Catherine Pfeifer (ILRI) at the Expert panel: Food of Animal Origin 2030: Solutions to Consumption Driven Challenges, Global Forum for Food and Agriculture 2018, Berlin, Germany
Genetics and genomic approaches for sustainable dairy cattle improvementILRI
Presented by Raphael Mrode at the Third Research Coordination Meeting, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, 7-11 June 2021
The COVID-19 pandemic and livestock GHG emissions in Northern KenyaILRI
Presented by Michael Graham, Philemon Chelanga, Francesco Fava, Nathan Jensen, Sonja Leitner and Lutz Merbold at the Tropentag 2021―Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021
Aflatoxin M1-related health risk for milk consumers in dairy farms in rural a...ILRI
Poster by Filipe Maximiano Sousa, Apollinaire Nombre, Amos Miningou, SyAppolinaireTraore, Johanna Lindahl, Augustine Ayantunde, Javier Sanchez and Silvia Alonso presented at the virtual Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week 2021, 29 June – 1 July 2021. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.
The future of food safety in Africa: Research perspectiveILRI
Keynote presentation by Delia Grace, Silvia Alonso, Kebede Amenu, Elizabeth Cook, Michel Dione, Theo Knight-Jones, Johanna Lindahl, Florence Mutua, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Kristina Roesel and Lian Thomas at the virtual Food Safety Conference for Africa, 10–11 November 2021.
Changing forests, changing diets in PapuaCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Amy Ickowitz at Seminar Online Seri Ke-3 Membangun Ketahanan Ekonomi Regional dan Masyarakat Adat melalui Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu, 8 April 2021.
Presentation by Silvia Silvestri, PhD at the ‘Our Common Future under Climate Change’ conference 7-10 July 2015, Paris, France. Co-authors: Douxchamps S., Kristjanson P., Förch W., Radeny M., Mutie I., Quiros C., Herrero M., Ndungu A., Ndiwa N., Mango J., Claessens L., Rufino M.
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Melissa Young and Delia Grace at the Safe Food, Fair Food for Cambodia project final workshop, Cambodia, 21-22 June 2021.
Zoonoses and food safety related activities in APHCA member statesILRI
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at the joint Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA) - World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regional workshop on zoonoses, food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, Thimphu, Bhutan, 24-25 September 2013.
Leveraging food-based recommendations for women and children in Nairobi slums...ILRI
Poster prepared by P. Dominguez-Salas, P. Alarcon, S. Alonso, K. Colverson, L. Cornelsen, E. Ferguson, E. Fèvre, D. Grace, B. Häsler and J. Rushton for the Workshop on Emergency Nutrition Network Technical Meeting on Nutrition, Oxford, UK, 7-9 October 2014.
Transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research...ILRI
Presented by N.R. Sarker at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
Presented by Shirley Tarawali, Dolapo Enahoro and Catherine Pfeifer (ILRI) at the Expert panel: Food of Animal Origin 2030: Solutions to Consumption Driven Challenges, Global Forum for Food and Agriculture 2018, Berlin, Germany
Genetics and genomic approaches for sustainable dairy cattle improvementILRI
Presented by Raphael Mrode at the Third Research Coordination Meeting, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, 7-11 June 2021
The COVID-19 pandemic and livestock GHG emissions in Northern KenyaILRI
Presented by Michael Graham, Philemon Chelanga, Francesco Fava, Nathan Jensen, Sonja Leitner and Lutz Merbold at the Tropentag 2021―Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021
Aflatoxin M1-related health risk for milk consumers in dairy farms in rural a...ILRI
Poster by Filipe Maximiano Sousa, Apollinaire Nombre, Amos Miningou, SyAppolinaireTraore, Johanna Lindahl, Augustine Ayantunde, Javier Sanchez and Silvia Alonso presented at the virtual Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week 2021, 29 June – 1 July 2021. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.
The future of food safety in Africa: Research perspectiveILRI
Keynote presentation by Delia Grace, Silvia Alonso, Kebede Amenu, Elizabeth Cook, Michel Dione, Theo Knight-Jones, Johanna Lindahl, Florence Mutua, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Kristina Roesel and Lian Thomas at the virtual Food Safety Conference for Africa, 10–11 November 2021.
Changing forests, changing diets in PapuaCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Amy Ickowitz at Seminar Online Seri Ke-3 Membangun Ketahanan Ekonomi Regional dan Masyarakat Adat melalui Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu, 8 April 2021.
Presentation by Silvia Silvestri, PhD at the ‘Our Common Future under Climate Change’ conference 7-10 July 2015, Paris, France. Co-authors: Douxchamps S., Kristjanson P., Förch W., Radeny M., Mutie I., Quiros C., Herrero M., Ndungu A., Ndiwa N., Mango J., Claessens L., Rufino M.
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Melissa Young and Delia Grace at the Safe Food, Fair Food for Cambodia project final workshop, Cambodia, 21-22 June 2021.
Zoonoses and food safety related activities in APHCA member statesILRI
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at the joint Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA) - World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regional workshop on zoonoses, food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, Thimphu, Bhutan, 24-25 September 2013.
Leveraging food-based recommendations for women and children in Nairobi slums...ILRI
Poster prepared by P. Dominguez-Salas, P. Alarcon, S. Alonso, K. Colverson, L. Cornelsen, E. Ferguson, E. Fèvre, D. Grace, B. Häsler and J. Rushton for the Workshop on Emergency Nutrition Network Technical Meeting on Nutrition, Oxford, UK, 7-9 October 2014.
Transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research...ILRI
Presented by N.R. Sarker at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
"OptiFood - Future Approach to Improve Nutrition Programme Planning and Policy Decisions in SE Asia" from the Regional Conference on Micronutrient Fortification of Foods 2013 (10 ~ 11 October 2013 in Bangkok, Thailand)
On December 5th, 2016, Transform Nutrition Co-Research Director John Hoddinott gave a seminar on issues surrounding chronic undernutrition in Ethiopia. In addition to reviewing current trends and the factors associated with these, Dr Hoddinott summarized TN research on chronic undernutrition in Ethiopia, conveying key messages and outlining areas requiring attention in the future. The lecture was attended by representatives from civil society organizations, academics, government officials and researchers.
The study was on the development of weaning food based on wheat, chickpea and ragi and adapting the Malting, Germinating and Popping technology. The composition was done for the physico- chemical and nutritional quality of malted, germinated and popped weaning mix with the control weaning mix with similar composition. The results suggest that the weaning foods based on wheat, chickpea and ragi are nutritionally balanced and possess good growth promoting quality. The traditional technologies such as Malting, Germinating and Popping of cereals and legumes could be easily adapted to prepared weaning and supplementary foods from wheat, chickpea and ragi. Malting, Germinating and Popping have a high potential for developing low cost weaning and supplementary foods. Dr. Bhavana Y Chauhan"Study on Nutritious Multigrain Weaning Mix" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2262.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/food-and-nutrition/2262/study-on-nutritious-multigrain-weaning-mix/dr-bhavana-y-chauhan
Assessing livestock husbandry, gendered decision-making and dietary quality a...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Gianna Bonis-Profumo (Charles Darwin University), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Does nutrition education improve complementary feeding practices and mothers nutrition knowledge? A case study of Western Kenya presented by Jacqueline Kipkorir PhD Student,, Kenyatta University
Find out more about this research:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/news/detail/improving-nutrition-through-local-agricultural-biodiversity-in-kenya/
Science Forum 2013 (www.scienceforum13.org)
Plenary Session: Regional Perspectives on Nutrition and Health Outcomes
Katherine Gray-Donald, MCGill University: case study presentation
Gina Kennedy presents the results of GIZ's survey covering 10 countries at the event „A Global Approach to Assess Food and Nutrition Security" on 16 September in Bonn.
Transcript presentation:http://corbecoms.com/2016-09-16_KennedyPres.pdf
Transcript interview: http://corbecoms.com/2016-09-16_Transcript_interview_GinaKennedy.pdf
The survey was conducted by GIZ’s Global Programme Food and Nutrition Security, Enhanced Resilience, financed by BMZ.
The video, produced by Corbecoms, includes the Q&A session.
Pig farmers, pig eaters? Characterizing household and child feeding practices...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Edwin Kang'ethe, Kristina Roesel, Nicholas Ngwili, Emmanuel Muunda and Delia Grace presented at the 2nd annual Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week, Kathmandu, Nepal, 9–13 July 2017.
Similar to Animal-source foods and maternal and child nutrition in resource-limiting settings (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Astronomy Update- Curiosity’s exploration of Mars _ Local Briefs _ leadertele...
Animal-source foods and maternal and child nutrition in resource-limiting settings
1. Paula Dominguez-Salas RVC, ILRI, LCIRAH
& Julia de Bruyn University of Sydney
Animal-source foods &
Maternal and Child Nutrition
in resource-limiting settings
2. Nutritional contributions of animal-source foods
Dietary iron
Haem iron Non-haem iron
Enhanced uptake
Protein of high
biological value
Variety of
micronutrients in
bioavailable forms
Enhanced uptake of
less bioavailable
micronutrients
High nutrient
density
• Essential amino acid profile is well matched to body’s requirements
• Contrast to cereals, typically largest contribution to protein intake
(eg. maize – limiting in lysine and tryptophan)
• Benefits for young children and those with reduced dietary intake
• Small amounts can significantly increase nutritional adequacy of diets
based on staple crops
• Efficient for addressing multiple
micronutrient deficiencies
• Haem iron, pre-formed vitamin A
• Non-haem iron (plant-source foods)
• Significant given inhibitory effect
of oxalates and phytates in diet
3.
4. Functional outcomes related to ASFs
• First randomised, controlled feeding study to
compare effect of meat-, milk- and plant-based
foods on functional outcomes in children
• Two-year project
• Schools of rural Kenya
• Children 6-14 y
• Mid-morning “snacks” given each day – githeri
(maize, beans, greens)
• Cognitive assessments
• School-yard behaviours observed
• Height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference,
triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness
Neumann, et al. 2007. Journal of Nutrition.
5. Functional outcomes related to ASFs
Githeri + Minced beef
Githeri + Milk
Githeri + Oil
Control Improved:
• Physical activity
• Initiative
• Leadership
• Cognitive performance
• School test scores
• Arm muscle mass
• Vitamin B12 status
Improved:
• Linear growth (if stunted)
• Vitamin B12 status
Neumann, et al. 2007. Journal of Nutrition.
6. Dairy products and physical stature?
• Systematic review and meta-analysis of
studies supplementing usual diet with dairy
products on physical growth
• 12 studies, up to 3500 children
• Europe (3), USA (2), China (2), Vietnam (1),
Kenya (1), Indonesia (2) and India (1)
• Male and female children, 3-13 years
• Most likely effects: +0.4cm per annum
additional growth with 245mL milk/day
• Moderate quality evidence of
supplementation with dairy products
stimulating linear growth de Beer, 2012.
7. Nutritional contributions of animal-source foods
To reach the recommended daily intake of 18 mg of iron, a woman would have to
eat at least 8 times more spinach than cooked liver. Iron found in vegetables is also
harder for the body to absorb, because it is usually bound to fibre.
Gupta, 2016. Nature.
9. Village poultry, gender and
maternal and child nutrition
Findings and lessons from Tanzania
Julia de Bruyn BVSc (Hons)
PhD candidate & Project Research Assistant
Faculty of Veterinary Science & Charles Perkins Centre
julia.debruyn@sydney.edu.au
11. Chickens, children and crops…
Strengthening food and
nutrition security through
family poultry and crop
integration in Tanzania
and Zambia
• Five-year interdisciplinary project
• Cluster randomised controlled trial
• Newcastle disease (ND) vaccination
• Range of crop interventions
• Height-for-age of children
12. Why village chickens?
Accessible form
of livestock
Work well in
local settings
Efficient
production system
Multiple roles
and benefits
• Owned by majority of households
• Women, landless, disability
• Suit taste preferences
• Low input (capital, labour, inputs)
• Scavenge, broody, evade predators
• Very high benefit-cost ratio
• Pest control, manure
• Petty cash, social credit
13. A focus on women
• Limited access to opportunities and resources
• Resource-limited household members
• Key players in family poultry production
• Primarily responsible for management of chickens
• Lose power in decision making re marketing and consumption
Reasons nominated by women for allocating
meat to male household members:
• “The one who brings the food”
• Men spend more energy
• Men need more strength
• A sign of respect
• Head of the household
Boys eat more meat than their sisters
from around 12 years of age, when
they start working in the field.
Bagnol, 2015
Men are reported to receive “the
best bits” and a larger share of meat
than women of the same age, or any
other household member.
14. Nutritional contributions of eggs
Yolk
+ energy
++ protein
++ choline
++ riboflavin
+ pantothenic acid
+ vitamin B6
++ vitamin B12
+ folate
+ phosphorus
++ selenium
+ zinc
Germinal disk
Air cell
ChalazaShell
Shell membrane
White / albumen
++ protein
+ potassium
++ selenium
For infants 7-12 months old: + 20-50% recommended daily allowance (RDA), ++ >50% RDA (Source: Iannotti et al, 2014)
15. How reliable are original data sources?
Does the origin of data make it appropriate for
use in the intended geographic area?
Do databases reflect the spectrum of foods
consumed in a given country or region?
Most data presented in national or regional databases is
derived from sources outside the country or region,
often from analyses conducted decades previously.
There is significant variation in the nutrient content of
equivalent food items in databases from developed
nations (including nutrients of public health significance).
Food Composition Data
Food composition tables in sub-Saharan Africa don’t
always reflect the range of foods which might be
consumed by food-insecure populations.
Vitamin A
in liver
17. Breastfeeding women Children under 2 years
Number
consuming
chicken
Total
number
(n)
Proportion
consuming
chicken
Number
consuming
chicken
Total
number
(n)
Proportion
consuming
chicken (%)
Sanza 7 53 13.2% 5 53 9.4%
Ntope 7 48 14.6% 5 51 9.8%
Chicheho 5 49 10.2% 7 49 14.2%
Ikasi 27 52 51.9% 27 52 51.9%
Table 1: Proportion of target household-members consuming at least one meal
containing chicken in Sanza ward (Visual diary, August 2014)
Baseline consumption patterns - Chicken
18. Breastfeeding women Children under 2 years
Number
consuming
eggs
Total
number
(n)
Proportion
consuming
eggs
Number
consuming
eggs
Total
number
(n)
Proportion
consuming
eggs
Sanza 4 53 7.5% 6 51 11.8%
Ntope 9 48 18.8% 9 51 17.6%
Chicheho 4 49 8.2% 6 49 12.2%
Ikasi 14 52 26.9% 16 51 31.4%
Table 2: Proportion of target household-members consuming at least one meal
containing eggs in Sanza ward (Visual diary, August 2015)
Baseline consumption patterns - Eggs
19. Baseline analysis of LFA in Sanza and Majiri
2014
May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov
MAJIRI WARD
Baseline data
(n = 279)
SANZA WARD
Baseline data
(n = 231)
• Baseline data
• Households with children <24 m
• 8 communities, 2 wards
• Interview-based data collection
• MCHN questionnaire
• Livelihood questionnaire
• Child anthropometry
• Length-for-age (LAZ)
20. Methods
Household socioeconomic status
Child gender Child age
Gender of household head
Household size
Level of maternal education
Cattle
ownership
Small
ruminant
ownership
Chicken
ownership
+
1 point for each item
owned, from a list of
13 items (eg. radio,
bicycle, motorcycle,
solar panel)
0 1
Roof Grass, thatch, mud Iron sheets, tiles
Walls
Grass, thatch,
poles & mud
Mud bricks, baked
bricks, cement
bricks
Floor Earth
Wood, tiles,
concrete
House construction materials
Asset ownership
21. Methods
Household socioeconomic status
Child gender Child age
Gender of household head
Household size
Level of maternal education
Cattle
ownership
Small
ruminant
ownership
Chicken
ownership
Length-for-age Z-scores of children
<24 months of age
?
22. Results
Household socioeconomic status
Child gender Child age
Gender of household head
Household size
Level of maternal education
Cattle
ownership
Small
ruminant
ownership
Chicken
ownership
Length-for-age Z-scores of children
<24 months of age
Mean LAZ -1.47 (SD 1.37)
n = 460
23. Results
Child age
Older children have a
significantly lower LAZ
(p<0.001)
Consistent with documented
pattern of height faltering
beginning soon after birth
and continuing until 24
months of age.
Scope for interventions
such as Newcastle disease
vaccination that promote
poultry ownership and
increased flock size to
contribute to improved
nutrition?
Chicken ownership
Chicken from households
owning chickens have a
higher LAZ than those
from households without
chickens (-1.32 cf. -1.56;
p=0.06)
Next steps…
• Impact of chicken flock size?
• Impact of chicken housing?
• Longitudinal findings?