Asian Chicken Genetic Gains (AsCGG): A platform for exploring, testing and delivering improved chickens for enhanced livelihood outcomes in South EastAsia
Presented by Tadelle Dessie at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), at launch meeting of the Asian Chicken Genetic Gains project, 24-25 May 2021.
This document discusses different types of enzymes that can be added to animal feeds, including poultry feeds, to improve digestibility and nutrient availability. It describes three main classes of enzymes - phytases, carbohydrases, and proteases. Phytases help release phosphorus from plant ingredients. Carbohydrases like amylase and xylanase improve the digestibility of carbohydrates. Proteases aid in protein digestion. The addition of these enzymes can increase available energy from feeds by 3-5% and improve growth performance in poultry.
This document discusses strategies for more sustainable poultry production while protecting the environment. It addresses the increasing global demand for poultry meat and how technology can contribute to meeting this demand sustainably. Specific techniques are presented for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from poultry operations through measures like insulating housing, capturing methane, using solar energy to preheat air, and implementing energy efficient lighting and equipment. Feeding strategies to reduce phosphorus and nitrogen in manure are also examined.
This document summarizes research on the use of organic acids in animal nutrition. It discusses how organic acids have gained importance in feed industry following the ban of antibiotic growth promoters. Short chain organic acids can have antimicrobial properties. Research shows that organic acids can improve animal performance by reducing pathogenic bacteria counts, increasing nutrient digestibility, and improving gut health. Studies demonstrate that supplementing animal feed with organic acids like formic acid, fumaric acid, and butyric acid can positively impact growth performance, gut morphology, and nutrient utilization in poultry and pigs.
This document discusses aflatoxicosis in poultry. It begins by introducing aflatoxicosis and its etiology, caused by fungi such as Aspergillus flavus that produce aflatoxins. These mycotoxins are heat stable and immunosuppressive, affecting young birds more than adults. Clinical signs include reduced growth and increased susceptibility to other diseases. Post mortem findings can include liver damage and hemorrhaging. Diagnosis involves identifying aflatoxins in feed. Prevention focuses on proper storage and removal of contaminated feed, while treatment requires replacing toxic feed and supplementing vitamins and minerals.
Protein quality determination in monogastric animals, we can determine which protein is better in case of monogastric animals, Sri Venkateswara veterinary university, Animal nutrition, Vishnu Vardhan Reddy
This document discusses organic acids in poultry nutrition. It defines organic acids as carboxylic acids containing a carboxyl group that is the source of a donatable hydrogen ion. Organic acids are classified based on carbon chain length as short chain (C1-C6), medium chain (C7-C10), or long chain (C11+). Short chain fatty acids have antimicrobial properties and are the most commonly used in poultry. Organic acids reduce gut pH and disrupt bacterial cell membranes and DNA, inhibiting microbial growth. Their effectiveness depends on concentration in the gastrointestinal tract, with more impact higher in the gut where dissociation is lower. Common organic acids used in poultry include formic,
This document discusses different types of enzymes that can be added to animal feeds, including poultry feeds, to improve digestibility and nutrient availability. It describes three main classes of enzymes - phytases, carbohydrases, and proteases. Phytases help release phosphorus from plant ingredients. Carbohydrases like amylase and xylanase improve the digestibility of carbohydrates. Proteases aid in protein digestion. The addition of these enzymes can increase available energy from feeds by 3-5% and improve growth performance in poultry.
This document discusses strategies for more sustainable poultry production while protecting the environment. It addresses the increasing global demand for poultry meat and how technology can contribute to meeting this demand sustainably. Specific techniques are presented for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from poultry operations through measures like insulating housing, capturing methane, using solar energy to preheat air, and implementing energy efficient lighting and equipment. Feeding strategies to reduce phosphorus and nitrogen in manure are also examined.
This document summarizes research on the use of organic acids in animal nutrition. It discusses how organic acids have gained importance in feed industry following the ban of antibiotic growth promoters. Short chain organic acids can have antimicrobial properties. Research shows that organic acids can improve animal performance by reducing pathogenic bacteria counts, increasing nutrient digestibility, and improving gut health. Studies demonstrate that supplementing animal feed with organic acids like formic acid, fumaric acid, and butyric acid can positively impact growth performance, gut morphology, and nutrient utilization in poultry and pigs.
This document discusses aflatoxicosis in poultry. It begins by introducing aflatoxicosis and its etiology, caused by fungi such as Aspergillus flavus that produce aflatoxins. These mycotoxins are heat stable and immunosuppressive, affecting young birds more than adults. Clinical signs include reduced growth and increased susceptibility to other diseases. Post mortem findings can include liver damage and hemorrhaging. Diagnosis involves identifying aflatoxins in feed. Prevention focuses on proper storage and removal of contaminated feed, while treatment requires replacing toxic feed and supplementing vitamins and minerals.
Protein quality determination in monogastric animals, we can determine which protein is better in case of monogastric animals, Sri Venkateswara veterinary university, Animal nutrition, Vishnu Vardhan Reddy
This document discusses organic acids in poultry nutrition. It defines organic acids as carboxylic acids containing a carboxyl group that is the source of a donatable hydrogen ion. Organic acids are classified based on carbon chain length as short chain (C1-C6), medium chain (C7-C10), or long chain (C11+). Short chain fatty acids have antimicrobial properties and are the most commonly used in poultry. Organic acids reduce gut pH and disrupt bacterial cell membranes and DNA, inhibiting microbial growth. Their effectiveness depends on concentration in the gastrointestinal tract, with more impact higher in the gut where dissociation is lower. Common organic acids used in poultry include formic,
Conclusions
• Each additive affects microflora in a different manner
• Succesful and Sustentable Additives should contribute to mantain microflora diversity
• Some additives may also affect the host directly, not only the microbial communities
• Effects at host level should be understood and used to improve holistic efficiency
This document discusses the use of exogenous enzymes in poultry nutrition as an alternative to antibiotics. It provides background on how antibiotics were commonly used but are now banned. Exogenous enzymes are one potential alternative as they can help break down non-starch polysaccharides in feed ingredients like wheat and barley to improve digestibility. The document outlines different types of enzymes and their sources and effects. It summarizes studies looking at how exogenous enzymes can reduce the size of digestive organs and positively impact gut morphology.
Urea and other non-protein nitrogen (NPN) sources can be used to improve the nutritive value of low-quality roughages fed to livestock in parts of Pakistan and AJ&K. Urea is the most commonly used NPN source and can increase the crude protein content of straw from 2-4% to 7-12% when applied correctly. Proper urea treatment methods involve dissolving urea in water and spraying it onto stacked straw layers, which are then sealed for 3-4 weeks to allow chemical reactions to occur. Ammonia can also be used but requires specialized equipment. Feeding urea-treated straw can meet livestock nutrient needs and reduce concentrate requirements. Precautions must be taken to avoid
Nutrient deficiencies can occur in poultry if the nutrient is absent from their feed or if the bird cannot properly utilize the nutrient. Common deficiencies include protein, calcium, phosphorus, manganese, sodium, zinc, selenium, vitamins A, B2, B3, B5, and biotin. Symptoms vary by nutrient but include poor growth and feathering, bone abnormalities, reduced egg production, and skin lesions. Providing the deficient nutrient as a dietary supplement usually results in recovery. Maintaining proper nutrient balances and meeting requirements is important for poultry health.
Factors affecting the nutritive Value of FeedShizra Imtiaz
The nutritive value of forages is influenced by several key factors:
1) Stage of maturity - As plants mature, protein decreases and fiber increases, lowering digestibility.
2) Environmental conditions - Soil properties, climate, altitude can impact a plant's ability to absorb nutrients and modify its composition.
3) Plant species - Different plant types naturally contain varying mineral and protein levels that suit different classes of livestock.
This document discusses amino acid interactions, specifically amino acid imbalances and antagonisms. It begins by defining imbalances and antagonisms based on Harper's 1956 definitions. Imbalances occur when supplementing all essential amino acids except the first limiting one, while antagonisms involve a structurally related amino acid increasing the requirement for another. The document then discusses several examples of imbalances and antagonisms, how they impact growth and amino acid requirements. It reviews research showing imbalances do not generally increase catabolism of the limiting amino acid, but antagonisms can. The document also discusses how imbalances and antagonisms depress food intake in animals given a choice.
Phytogenic feed additives as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry dietsDeepak Nelagonda
Use of antibiotics as growth promoters is an age old process but due to many factors thrust for the search of alternative to antibiotics is growing, 'phytogenic feed additives' are one of the possible domains which could address the issue if they could be properly explored.
A good poultry health management is an important component of poultry production. Infectious disease causing agents will spread through a flock very quickly because of the high stocking densities of commercially housed poultry.
For poultry health management to be effective a primary aim must be to prevent the onset of disease or parasites, to recognize at an early stage the presence of disease or parasites, and to treat all flocks that are diseased or infested with parasites as soon as possible and before they develop into a serious condition or spread to other flocks. To be able to do this it is necessary to know how to recognize that the birds are diseased, the action required for preventing or minimising disease and how to monitor for signs that the prevention program is working.
This document discusses various feed additives used in livestock and poultry production. It defines feed additives as non-nutrient substances that can accelerate growth, improve feed efficiency, or benefit health or metabolism. The document then provides a broad classification of common feed additives including growth promoters, disease preventing agents, supplements, and auxiliary substances. Specific examples within each category are listed and described in more detail.
Aflatoxicosis is poisoning that results from the ingestion of aflatoxins in contaminated food or feed.
Aflatoxins are highly toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius.
Poultry feeds and ingredients are vulnerable to fungal growth and aflatoxins formation and these toxins are highly toxic to livestock, poultry and people.
The non-conventional feed resources (NCFR) refer to all those feeds that have not been traditionally used in animal feeding and or are not normally used in commercially produced rations for livestock.
NCFR include commonly, a variety of feeds from perennial crops and feeds of animal and industrial origin.
Pellet binders are used primarily for their ability to improve pellet quality but they often contribute nutrients as well. For example, lignin sulfonate may contain metabolizable carbohydrate (AAFCO, Morrison) and ureaformaldehyde may be a source of slow-release nitrogen for ruminants (Gribbins). In contrast, wheat and whey are used primarily for their nutrient value but are also known to have a positive binding effect. The nutrient contribution of a binder should be recognised and included in the formulation, but the real reason for using these ingredients is because of the impact physical form of the pellet has on animal performance.
Antibiotic growth promoter have played a critical role in contributing to the economic effectiveness of animal production as feed supplements at sub-therapeutic doses, to improve growth and feed conversion efficiency, and to prevent infections However, injudicious use of antibiotic growth promoter leads to development of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic residue posing a potential threat to human health.
Organic acids, probiotics, prebiiotic, enzymes, phytobiotics, bacteriophage etc. are effective antibiotic alternatives to promote animal growth performance in poultry, swine, and beef and dairy production.
The document summarizes trends in India's livestock sector. It notes that the livestock population has increased between 2000-2010 for cows/buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry. India is the largest milk producer in the world and its poultry sector is growing rapidly. The livestock sector provides income and employment for rural communities and is an important source of manure and fuel. It contributes significantly to India's economy and food security.
This document classifies livestock feed and forages into several categories: cultivated fodder including green/succulent, dry, and supplements/additives; natural vegetation including grasslands, pasture, and trees; concentrates that are rich in carbohydrates, protein, or both moderate; and roughages versus concentrates based on their crude fiber and nutrient content. It further categorizes roughages into maintenance type for cereal fodder and hay, production type for leguminous fodder and hay, and sustenance type for straw and stovers based on their digestible crude protein percentage.
A platform for testing, delivering, and continuously improving tropically-ada...ILRI
Presented by Tadelle Dessie at the Technology for African Agricultural Transformation (TAAT) Small Ruminants Value Chain Inception Meeting, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 22 June 2018
Conclusions
• Each additive affects microflora in a different manner
• Succesful and Sustentable Additives should contribute to mantain microflora diversity
• Some additives may also affect the host directly, not only the microbial communities
• Effects at host level should be understood and used to improve holistic efficiency
This document discusses the use of exogenous enzymes in poultry nutrition as an alternative to antibiotics. It provides background on how antibiotics were commonly used but are now banned. Exogenous enzymes are one potential alternative as they can help break down non-starch polysaccharides in feed ingredients like wheat and barley to improve digestibility. The document outlines different types of enzymes and their sources and effects. It summarizes studies looking at how exogenous enzymes can reduce the size of digestive organs and positively impact gut morphology.
Urea and other non-protein nitrogen (NPN) sources can be used to improve the nutritive value of low-quality roughages fed to livestock in parts of Pakistan and AJ&K. Urea is the most commonly used NPN source and can increase the crude protein content of straw from 2-4% to 7-12% when applied correctly. Proper urea treatment methods involve dissolving urea in water and spraying it onto stacked straw layers, which are then sealed for 3-4 weeks to allow chemical reactions to occur. Ammonia can also be used but requires specialized equipment. Feeding urea-treated straw can meet livestock nutrient needs and reduce concentrate requirements. Precautions must be taken to avoid
Nutrient deficiencies can occur in poultry if the nutrient is absent from their feed or if the bird cannot properly utilize the nutrient. Common deficiencies include protein, calcium, phosphorus, manganese, sodium, zinc, selenium, vitamins A, B2, B3, B5, and biotin. Symptoms vary by nutrient but include poor growth and feathering, bone abnormalities, reduced egg production, and skin lesions. Providing the deficient nutrient as a dietary supplement usually results in recovery. Maintaining proper nutrient balances and meeting requirements is important for poultry health.
Factors affecting the nutritive Value of FeedShizra Imtiaz
The nutritive value of forages is influenced by several key factors:
1) Stage of maturity - As plants mature, protein decreases and fiber increases, lowering digestibility.
2) Environmental conditions - Soil properties, climate, altitude can impact a plant's ability to absorb nutrients and modify its composition.
3) Plant species - Different plant types naturally contain varying mineral and protein levels that suit different classes of livestock.
This document discusses amino acid interactions, specifically amino acid imbalances and antagonisms. It begins by defining imbalances and antagonisms based on Harper's 1956 definitions. Imbalances occur when supplementing all essential amino acids except the first limiting one, while antagonisms involve a structurally related amino acid increasing the requirement for another. The document then discusses several examples of imbalances and antagonisms, how they impact growth and amino acid requirements. It reviews research showing imbalances do not generally increase catabolism of the limiting amino acid, but antagonisms can. The document also discusses how imbalances and antagonisms depress food intake in animals given a choice.
Phytogenic feed additives as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry dietsDeepak Nelagonda
Use of antibiotics as growth promoters is an age old process but due to many factors thrust for the search of alternative to antibiotics is growing, 'phytogenic feed additives' are one of the possible domains which could address the issue if they could be properly explored.
A good poultry health management is an important component of poultry production. Infectious disease causing agents will spread through a flock very quickly because of the high stocking densities of commercially housed poultry.
For poultry health management to be effective a primary aim must be to prevent the onset of disease or parasites, to recognize at an early stage the presence of disease or parasites, and to treat all flocks that are diseased or infested with parasites as soon as possible and before they develop into a serious condition or spread to other flocks. To be able to do this it is necessary to know how to recognize that the birds are diseased, the action required for preventing or minimising disease and how to monitor for signs that the prevention program is working.
This document discusses various feed additives used in livestock and poultry production. It defines feed additives as non-nutrient substances that can accelerate growth, improve feed efficiency, or benefit health or metabolism. The document then provides a broad classification of common feed additives including growth promoters, disease preventing agents, supplements, and auxiliary substances. Specific examples within each category are listed and described in more detail.
Aflatoxicosis is poisoning that results from the ingestion of aflatoxins in contaminated food or feed.
Aflatoxins are highly toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius.
Poultry feeds and ingredients are vulnerable to fungal growth and aflatoxins formation and these toxins are highly toxic to livestock, poultry and people.
The non-conventional feed resources (NCFR) refer to all those feeds that have not been traditionally used in animal feeding and or are not normally used in commercially produced rations for livestock.
NCFR include commonly, a variety of feeds from perennial crops and feeds of animal and industrial origin.
Pellet binders are used primarily for their ability to improve pellet quality but they often contribute nutrients as well. For example, lignin sulfonate may contain metabolizable carbohydrate (AAFCO, Morrison) and ureaformaldehyde may be a source of slow-release nitrogen for ruminants (Gribbins). In contrast, wheat and whey are used primarily for their nutrient value but are also known to have a positive binding effect. The nutrient contribution of a binder should be recognised and included in the formulation, but the real reason for using these ingredients is because of the impact physical form of the pellet has on animal performance.
Antibiotic growth promoter have played a critical role in contributing to the economic effectiveness of animal production as feed supplements at sub-therapeutic doses, to improve growth and feed conversion efficiency, and to prevent infections However, injudicious use of antibiotic growth promoter leads to development of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic residue posing a potential threat to human health.
Organic acids, probiotics, prebiiotic, enzymes, phytobiotics, bacteriophage etc. are effective antibiotic alternatives to promote animal growth performance in poultry, swine, and beef and dairy production.
The document summarizes trends in India's livestock sector. It notes that the livestock population has increased between 2000-2010 for cows/buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry. India is the largest milk producer in the world and its poultry sector is growing rapidly. The livestock sector provides income and employment for rural communities and is an important source of manure and fuel. It contributes significantly to India's economy and food security.
This document classifies livestock feed and forages into several categories: cultivated fodder including green/succulent, dry, and supplements/additives; natural vegetation including grasslands, pasture, and trees; concentrates that are rich in carbohydrates, protein, or both moderate; and roughages versus concentrates based on their crude fiber and nutrient content. It further categorizes roughages into maintenance type for cereal fodder and hay, production type for leguminous fodder and hay, and sustenance type for straw and stovers based on their digestible crude protein percentage.
Similar to Asian Chicken Genetic Gains (AsCGG): A platform for exploring, testing and delivering improved chickens for enhanced livelihood outcomes in South EastAsia
A platform for testing, delivering, and continuously improving tropically-ada...ILRI
Presented by Tadelle Dessie at the Technology for African Agricultural Transformation (TAAT) Small Ruminants Value Chain Inception Meeting, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 22 June 2018
ILRI's strategy focuses on using livestock research to improve food security and reduce poverty in Africa. It has three strategic objectives: 1) develop and promote sustainable, scalable practices that improve lives through livestock; 2) provide scientific evidence to persuade decision-makers to invest more in livestock; and 3) increase stakeholders' capacity to make better use of livestock science and investments. Key research areas include addressing the biomass crisis in intensifying smallholder systems, managing vulnerability and risk in drylands, improving food safety and addressing aflatoxins, advancing vaccine biosciences, and mobilizing biosciences to achieve food security in Africa. ILRI aims to prove livestock's potential, influence investment, and ensure sufficient capacity to effectively use
Better lives through livestock: ILRI in SADC Region ILRI
Presented by Amos Omore and Sikhalazo Dube at the Virtual Food Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANR) / International Cooperating Partner (ICP) Group Meeting on Agriculture and Food Security. Gaborone, Botswana, 7 October 2020.
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
Promoting agro-enterprises in the highlands of Ethiopia through improved inst...ILRI
Presentation by Berhanu Gebremedhin, Dirk Hoekstra and Azage Tegegne at the 28th triennial conference of the International association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE), Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, 18-24 August 2012.
Technology Profile - Breeding TIMPs for Small RuminantsPodisi (CCARDESA) 2017 Hillary Hanson
This document summarizes information on improved breeding practices for small ruminants like sheep and goats in Namibia. It discusses how selection of superior animals through genetic testing and selective breeding can improve important traits like growth rate and fertility. While techniques like artificial insemination are used in some areas, traditional selective breeding is more common due to lower costs. The benefits of scaling up improved breeding include increased productivity, meat quality, and hardiness of goats and sheep, which would improve incomes and food security, especially for smallholder farmers in northern Namibia.
Participatory evaluation of cattle fattening innovations of smallholder farm...ILRI
Poster prepared by Azage Tegegne, Yoseph Mekashaand Tesfaye Dubale for the Tropentag 2016 Conference on Solidarity in a Competing World—Fair Use of Resources, Vienna, Austria, 19–21 September 2016
Mortality in livestock and poultry farms poses serious threats to the environment and is a waste of scarce natural resources. When animals die, it means poor rearing management, health issues, or problems with feed quality. A single dead goat that consumed 10kg of maize wasted 16,000 liters of water and produced 39kg of carbon emissions. The National Livestock Mission aims to promote backyard poultry and small ruminant production to increase employment, food security, and animal productivity through various programs and incentives.
Technology Profile - Breeding TIMPs for Small RuminantsPodisi (CCARDESA) 2017 Hillary Hanson
This document summarizes improved breeding practices for small ruminants like sheep and goats in Namibia. It discusses how selection of superior animals through genetic testing can improve key traits over multiple generations. While techniques like artificial insemination are used in other livestock, challenges around record keeping and animal mixing make these difficult for smallholder farmers in Namibia. Instead, selecting best animals to breed and culling poor performers can still provide benefits at low cost. Modeling suggests scaling improved breeding across Namibia's northern region could provide economic gains of $9-106 million by 2025.
Introducing the African Chicken Genetic Gains project: A platform for testing...ILRI
The African Chicken Genetic Gains (ACGG) project aims to improve chicken productivity in sub-Saharan Africa through the development and dissemination of genetically improved, tropically-adapted chicken breeds. The project establishes innovation platforms to test and deliver new chicken breeds to smallholder farmers in Nigeria, Tanzania and Ethiopia. Through public-private partnerships, the project works to close yield gaps between indigenous chickens and hybrids in order to increase incomes, improve nutrition, and alleviate poverty across Africa.
Vietpigs: Transforming pig value chains in VietnamILRI
Vietpigs is a project that aims to transform the pig value chain in Vietnam. It has identified several provinces for further study and analysis. Rapid assessments of food safety and animal health have been completed, with more in-depth surveys planned. The project also aims to study indigenous pig breeds. The overall vision is for a thriving, inclusive, and sustainable pig sector in Vietnam. Pigs are an important source of meat and protein in Vietnam, and the sector provides many jobs and economic opportunities, especially for smallholders and women. However, intensification also poses environmental risks that need addressing. The project will work to improve productivity while ensuring sustainability. It will collaborate with other research initiatives working in similar areas in Vietnam.
This document introduces an initiative to build a productive, inclusive and globally competitive poultry sector in Southern Africa. The initiative aims to [1] improve performance across the entire poultry value chain, [2] reduce dependency on poultry imports in the region, and [3] catalyze investments and innovations that deliver better outcomes at scale. It will focus on both industrialized and smallholder farmer markets across 12 countries in Southern Africa. In the initial phases, the initiative will focus on improving regional trade, increasing local feed production, and improving consumer awareness and affordability of poultry products. It will take a multi-stakeholder approach, leveraging partners across the public and private sectors.
Review of small ruminants value chain impact pathways developed for EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Barbara Rischkowsky (ICARDA) at the Livestock and Fish Small Ruminant Change Pathway Validation Workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 3-4 March 2015
Presented by Karen Marshall at the Piggery Production Value Chain Stakeholder Workshop for Designing a Pig Breeders’ Registration Scheme, Entebbe, Uganda, 10 May 2018
1) The document discusses egg production in Quetta District, Balochistan, Pakistan. It provides statistics on the number of layer farms and layers in the district, as well as daily egg production and consumption.
2) There are approximately 25-30 layer farms in Quetta District with a total of 275,000-280,000 layers. The daily egg production is 190,000-200,000 eggs. Daily consumption in the district is 500,000-600,000 eggs so additional eggs are received daily from Karachi.
3) The author concludes by providing suggestions to improve productivity, including adopting new technologies, increasing research and education, improving infrastructure, providing subsidies, and enhancing extension services and guidance to farmers
Similar to Asian Chicken Genetic Gains (AsCGG): A platform for exploring, testing and delivering improved chickens for enhanced livelihood outcomes in South EastAsia (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Asian Chicken Genetic Gains (AsCGG): A platform for exploring, testing and delivering improved chickens for enhanced livelihood outcomes in South EastAsia
1. Better lives through livestock
Tadele Dessie, PI AsCGG
LiveGene Program, ILRI – Addis Ababa
AsCGG Project Virtual Launch ,
May 24 and 25 2021
Asian Chicken Genetic Gains (AsCGG):
A platform for exploring, testing and delivering improved chickens for
enhanced livelihood outcomes in South East Asia (SEA)
2. Summary of the Findings from the ACGG
Program
1
3
2
Productivity Gain
Nutrition Gain
Economic Gain
4 Functional Innovation Platforms
3. Productivity Gain:
✓ Increase in production and productivity level from indigenous to tropically adapted and
more productive chicken breeds
200-300%
in body weight
100-160%
in egg production
✓ SL Tanzania, AKM G Tanzania, Amo Farms in Nigeria and Ethiochicken in Ethiopia
4. Farmer preferred breed (s)
Chicken’s high rate of reproduction enables rapid
scale - distribution could begin after 6 months
6 12
Phase 2 Months
18 24 30
Size of multiplier
flock 100* 1,970 38,800 765,000 Millions
100
Number of smallholders
benefited 7,300 145,000 millions More millions
No chick distribution Limited distribution (5-10%) Full dissemination
This model can be implemented simultaneously in multiple geographies.
✓ SL Tanzania, AKM G Tanzania, Amo Farms in Nigeria and Ethiochicken in Ethiopia
5. How and Why AsCGG?
✓ Interest of researchers and development partners in South East Asia
- expressed interest in learning from the experiences of ACGG.
✓ ACGG team from ILRI organized a scoping visit (in April 2019)
- Met with researchers, development practitioners, private sector operators, met with
smallholder farmers
- Tried to understand the policy and strategy environment in the countries
- Tried to understand the aspirations of the farmers, private sector operators
- Developed and submit a compressive report of the scoping visit to ACIAR and ILRI
6. Smallholder Chicken Production system in SEA
Small holder chicken production is part of the socio-
cultural make up and “balanced” farming system in South
East Asia
Characterized as:
Low input-output system
Dominated by low-producing chicken
genotypes
1
Poultry is owned and managed by household
women; income from the sub-sector managed by
women
2
Lack of effective long-term genetic
improvement, multiplication and
delivery systems
3
7. High potential for
women’s
empowerment
Chicken production
expanded by 56% in
the last decade,
growing from 5.9
mmt to 9.2 mmt in
2018, and is
expected to reach
12.3 mmt by 2028
Egg and
chicken meat
are often the
highest value
agricultural
product
globally
High potential
for contributing to
demand, income,
dietary diversity at
HH level and
globally
Low-input-output
system but with high
potential for improved
productivity across a
range of systems
Pathway out of
poverty and equitable
improvement of
livelihoods
Income
Employment
Nutrition
7
Opportunity–smallholder chicken production system in SEA
8. Smallholder commercial poultry production is seen as a science-led, productive,
remunerative and sustainable business that creates national wealth, enhances
local-level livelihoods, and improves nutrition of households, especially women,
and their families, as well as other actors in the smallholder chicken value chain
in South East Asia .
AsCGG vision
9. Project Aim
Test and avail high-producing,
farmer-preferred poultry
genotypes to support increased
smallholder chicken productivity
as a pathway out of poverty in
Cambodia, Myanmar and
Vietnam.
10. Innovation to be enabled by this project centres
around five pillars
12. Expected AsCGG project outcomes
National decision
makers (governments,
private sector, other
development partners)
have evidence-based
recommendations
1
Through public private
partnerships,
smallholders have
access to preferred,
healthy and highly
productive breeds
2
Baseline evidence of the
broader impacts of improved
poultry production and
productivity to smallholder
livelihoods
Increased empowerment
of women smallholder
farmers in the chicken
value chain in rural
communities
4
Functioning multi-country
‘south-south’ network of
poultry scientists to support
long-term chicken genetic
improvement in Africa and
Southeast Asia
5
3
14. Overview of AsCGG objectives
Identify, characterize, and test tropically-adapted chicken
germplasm to determine productivity across agro-ecologies
and management conditions and to define farmer
preferences.
Establish stable multiplication lines of farmer-preferred germplasm
and develop IP models to facilitate private and public sector access to
the germplasms through a long-term genetic gains program focused on
continual improvement
Develop and nurture Innovation Platform at different levels to
facilitate private sector engagement and business model development
focused on empowering poor smallholder farmers, especially women,
in the chicken value chain to improve their livelihoods
1
2
3
15. Research Questions
1. What are the existing smallholder poultry production and marketing systems in Cambodia,
Myanmar and Vietnam?
2. What are the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of tropically adapted indigenous and
exotic poultry breeds most suited to village poultry production in Cambodia, Vietnam and
Myanmar?
3. What are farmer and consumer preferences for poultry traits and are there differences
between men and women?
4. How can key public and private inputs and services be organised/strengthened to facilitate
effective functioning of the smallholder poultry value chains?
5. What is the impact of foreign genetic importation on the diversity of indigenous chicken
populations, and how can the indigenous germplasm be conserved?
6. How can increased empowerment of women smallholder farmers in the chicken value chain
in rural communities be supported and encouraged?
16. Research activities
1. Understanding the knowledge base and the system, the animals
✓ Literature review on existing village poultry production and marketing systems in Cambodia, Myanmar
and Vietnam
✓ Baseline survey to define and characterize current smallholder chicken production systems, including
consumer demand for chicken in Cambodia, Myanmar and Vietnam
✓ Confirm and characterise promising indigenous breeds in Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar
2. Identifying, testing and setup long term genetic improvemet programs
✓ Design and implement indigenous breed improvement program (IBIP) in Cambodia
✓ Negotiate and access foreign Germplasm candidates - Myanmar and Vietnam
✓ On-farm comparative testing (Vietnam): Performance test preferred local poultry breeds
alongside the same number of imported indigenous breeds and examine the
profitability/acceptability to different value chain actors
✓ On-station comparative testing (Myanmar and Vietnam): Performance test preferred local poultry breeds
alongside same number of imported indigenous breeds under controlled conditions
✓ Evaluate the impact of foreign genetics on the diversity of indigenous chicken populations in Vietnam
17. Research activities (Cont…)
3. Capacity building
✓ Demonstrate and build the capacity of national partners to cryopreserve Primordial Germ
Cells (PCGs) of promising and endangered chicken ecotypes from Vietnam, Cambodia and
Myanmar
✓ Enhance the capacity of national agricultural research and development system on
smallholder poultry value chain development - Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar
4. Institutional building
✓ National innovation platform established in Cambodia (1) and Vietnam (1)Enhance the capacity of
national agricultural research and development system on smallholder poultry value chain development
Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar
✓ Community level Innovation Platforms established - Cambodia (2) and Vietnam (6)
18. Project country
Main project activities Cambodia Myanmar Vietnam
Literature review and baseline
survey
On-farm Indigenous Breed
Improvement Program (IBIP)
National Innovation Platform
Community Innovation Platform
(x2)
Capacity building (national and
community)
Literature review and baseline
survey
On-station comparative testing at
LVBD (Nay Pyi Taw)
Capacity building (national)
Literature review and baseline
survey
On-farm comparative testing
On-station comparative testing at
NIAS (Hanoi)
National Innovation Platform
Community level Innovation
Platform (x6)
Capacity building (national and
community)
Agro-ecology Kandal province
Kampong Speu province
N/A – no field trials Northwest,
Northeast
Red River Delta
Promising indigenous breeds Sampov chicken
Kandong chicken
Skuoy chicken
Le Pyaung
Sittaguang
Fighting cock
Lac Thuy chicken,
Nhieu ngon chicken, and
Dong Tao or Mong or Mia chicken
Potential Tropically adapted
and more productive chicken
breeds to be tested*
N/A – Cambodia requested
assistance in furthering existing
Indigenous Breeding
Improvement Program (IBIP)
only
Kuroiler
Noiler
Sasso
Fayoumi
Black Australop and
Koekkoek
Kuroiler
Noiler
Sasso
Fayoumi
Black Australop and
Koekkoek
19. What has been achieved thus far in the project
implementation?
Literature Review
https://dagris.info/acgg/Review-of-Chicken-Production-Marketing-and-Consumption-in-Myanmar.pdf
https://dagris.info/acgg/Review-of-Chicken-Production-Marketing-and-Consumption-in-Vietnam.pdf
https://dagris.info/acgg/Review-of-Chicken-Production-Marketing-and-Consumption-in-Cambodia.pdf
Tools developed and ready to be used
Training and reference manuals
https://dagris.info/acgg/Rural-Poultry-Production-Producer-Level-Baseline-SurveyTraining-and-Reference-Manual.pdf
https://dagris.info/acgg/On-station-testing-training-and-reference-manual-Myanmar-and-Vietnam.pdf
https://dagris.info/acgg/On-farm-testing-training-and-reference-manual-Vietnam.pdf
Data Collection tools
https://dagris.info/acgg/Rural-Poultry-Production-Producer-Level-Baseline-Survey-Questionnaire.pdf
https://dagris/acgg/On-farm-performance-testing-data-collection-sheets-Vietnam.pdf
https://dagris.info/acgg/On-farm-preference-and-perception-of-farmers-data-collection-sheets-Vietnam.pdf
https://dagris.info/acgg/On-station-performance-testing-data-collection-sheets-Myanmar-and-Vietnam.pdf
20.
21. Tropical Poultry Genetic Solutions: Delivering farmer preferred, productive and ecologically adapted poultry to smallholders’
Products
Why Where
ILRI
ILRI
and
CGIAR
Programs
(Policies,
Gender,
LiMP
Capacity
Development,
Health
and
Feed)
• Indigenous chicken are locally adapted but with low
productivity
• Poultry under the custody of women
• Present in all agro-ecologies, short generation time
and high reproduction rate
• Impact on human income, health, nutrition and
livelihoods
• Range of technical genetic and social
science expertise
• Strong partnership network and working
experience in the project countries and private sector
breeding companies
• Strong data collection infrastructure
• ILRI has pioneered the testing and deployment of
improved chicken breeds (ACGG)
We will deliver: Characterized tropical
poultry productivity, adaptation and
resilience traits. Markers and algorithms for
genomic selection and editing. Three ongoing
long-term genetic gain programs. New more
productive and better fit 13 (9 with breeding
companies and 4 with NARS) tropical poultry
lines and their crosses. 15 per country PGC
lines cryopreserved from indigenous chicken
ecotypes
5 years vision: More productive poultry for better livelihoods and women empowerment
• Nigeria
• Ethiopia
• Tanzania
• Burkina Faso
• Kenya
• Ghana
• Cambodia
• Myanmar
• Vietnam
• Zimbabwe
RESEARCH LEADING TO OUTPUTS DELIVERY LEADING TO IMPACT
TRANSLATION LEADING TO OUTCOMES
Characterization of environmental, phenotypic and genetic
parameters leading to the identification of productivity, adaptation and
resilience traits for tropical poultry for genetic improvement
Discovery and Translational Research
Database of tropical poultry
phenotypes and genotypes
including polymorphisms and
genes
Genomic and precision
breeding tools to accelerate
genetic gain in dual purpose
poultry
Markers and Gene Discovery
Genomic Selection and
Editing
New tropical poultry lines
that are more productive and
better fit across geographies
Scaled adoption and support
to partners to help close key gaps
for impact
Technology Evaluation and
Approval
Policy and regulatory
environment and track program
impacts
Partners roles: International advanced research centers (e.g. UoN, CTLGH, Wageningen University, The University of Nottingham), NARES; international poultry breeding companies
(e.g. Hendrix Genetics. Amo Farm, Hubbard) and in-country breeding companies (e.g. Ethiochicken, Silverlands), policy institutions (AU-IBAR, FAO)
5-Years
Budget
$49 M
Outputs CapDev Influences
Database of phenotypes, genotypes and
environmental parameters including
candidate genes and markers associated
to adaptability, production and resilience
traits
Private sector staff, PhD and
MSc students, NARES
researchers from project
countries
IP and technical working
groups, national and regional
research and development
systems, private sector
breeding companies
Genomic and precision breeding tools
(DNA markers, SNP chips) to accelerate
Long term Genetic Gains programs
Private sector breeding
companies and NARS from
project countries
National and regional research
and development systems,
private sector breeding
companies
Nine poultry lines and their crosses more
productive across geographies, and four
new selected indigenous breeds
NARS and Private sector officers
trained (producers and mother
units)
Local companies (hatcheries,
feed and health service
providers), NARS
Strategy/toolkit (feed, vaccination,
management) and the capacity to use
modern tools to drive accelerated genetic
gains and to deliver more productive,
farmer-preferred breeds
Private and public sector officers
trained (producers and mother
units), farmers and NGO
Local companies (breeding,
hatcheries, feed and health
service providers)
A collection of management options to
enhance productivity, adaptability and
profitability for all value chain actors
Private and public sector officers
trained (producers and mother
units), farmers and NGO
Private sector breeding
companies and NARS
Indigenous chicken PGC lines
cryopreserved in AU-IBAR regional
genebanks
AU-IBAR regional genebanks
equipped and their personnel
trained in the recovery and
biobanking of poultry PGC
Livestock Conservation
Communities (AU-IBAR, FAO,
country policy-makers)