Mata kuliah bahasa Ingris Article and Modals

1. ARTICLE &
MODAL
ABDUL HAMID ALY, M.PD
PAKUAN UNIVERSITY

2. ARTICLES
a the an

3. OBJECTIVE:
- TO STATE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ARTICLES A, AN, AND THE.

4. WHAT IS AN
ARTICLE
•IT IS AN
ADJECTIVE.
•IT MODIFIES A

5. DEFINITE
ARTICLE
•THE – REFERS TO
SPECIFIC OR
PARTICULAR NOUNS .

6. FOR EXAMPLE:
•I ENJOYED PARTICIPATING IN
THE VOLLEYBALL
COMPETITION
THE ABOVE SENTENCE REFERS TO A
PARTICULAR OR SPECIFIC
COMPETITION.
•I ENJOYED WATCHING THE
SHOW
THE SENTENCE REFERS TO A

7. INDEFINITE ARTICLES: 'A' OR
'AN'
• REFERS TO A NON-SPECIFIC
NOUN.
• THE CHILDREN ARE PLAYING
A GAME OUTDOORS.
(IT REFERS ANY GAME)
• THE ARTIST IS PAINTING A
PICTURE.

8. WHEN TO USE
'THE'
• NAMES OF RIVERS, OCEANS
AND SEAS.
• The Red Sea
• Points on the globe
• The equator

9. WHEN TO USE
THE'
•PARTS OF THE WORLD
•THE MIDDLE EAST
•THE SOUTH
•DESERTS & FORESTS
•THE SAHARA DESERT
•THE MANDAI FOREST

10. •WHEN TO USE
'A'
•BEFORE WORDS THAT
BEGIN WITH CONSONANTS.
• A CAT
• A PENCIL
• A BAG

11. WHEN TO USE 'AN'
•BEFORE SILENT 'H'
• AN HONEST MAN
• AN HONOURABLE PERSON

12. WHEN TO USE 'AN'
•BEFORE ALL WORDS THAT
BEGIN WITH THE VOWELS
“A”, “E”, “I”, “O” “U”
• AN EGG
• AN ANT

13. WHEN TO USE 'AN'
•BEFORE ALL WORDS THAT BEGIN
WITH THE VOWELS “A”, “E”, “I”, “O”
“U”
• AN ICE-CREAM
• AN ORANGE

14. USE “A” WHEN
........
•WHEN “U” MAKES THE
SAME SOUND AS THE “Y” IN
YOU.
• A UNIFORM
• A USED PLATE

15. USE “A” WHEN
........
•“O” MAKES THE SAME
SOUND AS “W” IN “WON”
• A ONE-EYED MONSTER

16. A QUIZ
USE A, AN OR THE IN EACH SENTENCE.
• ISMAEL SPOKE TO _______ WOMAN WHO HAD
WAVED TO HIM (A / THE)
• MY MOTHER BOUGHT ME _____ EXPENSIVE
WATCH (A / AN)
• CHERY BORROWED _____ BOOK FROM THE
LIBRARY.(A / AN)
•A ONE-EYED MONSTER

17. A QUIZ – SELF CHECK
USE A, AN OR THE IN EACH SENTENCE.
• ISMAEL SPOKE TO __THE_____ WOMAN
WHO HAD WAVED TO HIM (A / THE)
• MY MOTHER BOUGHT ME __AN___
EXPENSIVE WATCH (A / AN)
• CHERY BORROWED __A___ BOOK FROM
THE LIBRARY.(A / AN)

18. MORE …
•ALI WORE _____ NEW
UNIFORM TO SCHOOL. (A /
AN)
•DID YOU SEE _____ NEW
CAR WHICH MY FATHER
BOUGHT? (THE/A)
•KIRAN IS ____ INDIAN GIRL.

19. MORE … - SELF-CHECK
•ALI WORE __A___ NEW
UNIFORM TO SCHOOL. (A /
AN)
•DID YOU SEE __A___ NEW
CAR WHICH MY FATHER
BOUGHT? (THE/A)
•KIRAN IS __AN__ INDIAN

20. MORE …
•SINGAPORE LIES QUITE
NEAR TO ____ EQUATOR.
(THE / AN)
•LIYING HAS TRAVELLED
ACROSS _____ ATLANTIC
OCEAN. (AN /THE)

21. MORE … - SELF-CHECK
•SINGAPORE LIES QUITE
NEAR TO __THE__
EQUATOR. (THE / AN)
•LIYING HAS TRAVELLED
ACROSS __THE___
ATLANTIC OCEAN. (AN
/THE)

22. MODAL

24. I. DEFINITION
MODAL VERBS
A modal verb is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to
indicate modality-that is likelihood, ability, permission,
possiblity,...

25. MODAL VERBS
LIST OF MODAL VERBS
Can
Could
May
Might
Will
Would
Shall
Should
Ought to
Must
Have to

26. Subject Modal verb Main verb Complement
I
We
They
You
He
She
It
must
can
should
may
will
go to sleep.
drink some water.
eat some food.
do some exercise.
II. STRUCTURE

27. MODAL VERBS
a. Modal verbs do not add s or es to the
third person singular.
He can swim. He cans swim.

28. MODAL VERBS
b. Modal verbs don’t need auxiliaries to form negative
and question.
Exp : She should stay.
She doesn’t should stay.→ She shouldn’t stay.
→ Why should she stay?
Why does she stay?
c. Modal verbs don’t have infinitives or –ing forms
Exp: canning to might

29. MODAL VERBS
HOW TO USE
CAN
Use
Example
Ability / Possibility  They can control their
own work.
Impossibility  We can’t
fix it.
Asking for permission  Can I bring
here?
Request  Can you
help me?

30. MODAL VERBS
COULD
Use Example
permission  Could I borrow your dictionary?
Request  Could you say it again more slowly?
possibility  I think we could have another tea.
Future  I wish Cndrll could meet me next week.
Ability  He gave up his old job so he could
work for us.

31. MODAL VERBS
MAY
Use
Example
permission  May I have another cup of coffee?
possibility  I may finish my homework

32. MODAL VERBS
MIGHT
Use Example
possibility  We'd better phone tomorrow, they might be eating
their dinner now.

33. MODAL VERBS
OUGHT TO
Use Example
Saying what’s right or correct

She ought to finish by next week.

34. MODAL VERBS
SHALL
Use
Example
Offer  Shall I help you with your
luggage?
Suggestion  Shall we say 2.30 then?
Permission  Shall I do that or will you?

35. MODAL VERBS
III. USAGE
SHOULD
Use
Example
Saying what’s right or correct  We should solve this
problem.
Possibility  Fees should decrease next
year.

36. MODAL VERBS
WILL
Use
Example
decisions  I can’t see any taxis so I’ll walk
Offer  I'll do that for you if
you like.
Promise  I’ll come back on Monday.

37. MODAL VERBS
III. USAGE
WOULD
Use Example
permission  Would you mind if I brought a friend with me?
Request  Would you mind waiting a moment?
Invitation  Would you like to play basketball this Friday?

38. THANK YOU