This document discusses man-machine interaction from a historical, present, and future perspective. It begins with examples of early automatons and robots from Chinese, Greek, and Italian history. The document then examines present areas of interaction like prosthetics, robotics, and human-computer interfaces. Several case studies are presented on developments like the Luke arm and Bionic Man Rex. The future sections speculate on developments in areas like self-driving cars, AI surgery, exoskeletons, cyborgs and augmented humans. The document closes by acknowledging both the blessings and potential pitfalls of increasing man-machine interaction and dependence.

1. MAN-MACHINE
INTERACTION
AVIRUP KUNDU(43)
DEEPESH DAS(19)
KANAD CHAKRABORTY(10)
SAUMYADEEP CHATTERJEE(14)
ST THOMAS’ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
& TECHNOLOGY

2. OUTLINE
 Historical and Literary perspective
 The present scenario
 Some case studies
 A peek into the future
 The pitfalls of increasing MMI
 Closing thoughts

3. HISTORICAL AND
LITERARY
PERSPECTIVE

4.  The ancient Chinese text Lie Zi
describes an ‘Automaton’ around 250
B.C.
 The Greek mathematician Hero of
Alexandria describes an automaton to
pour guest’s wine
 Leonardo da Vinci designs his
humanoid automaton in 1495 known
as Leonardo’s robot

5. LEONARDO’S ROBOT
The robot is clad in German-Italian medieval armour, that is able to make several human-like
motions. These motions included sitting up, moving its arms, neck, and an anatomically correct
jaw.

6.  Isaac Asimov formulates the ‘Three
Laws of Robotics’ and hence coins the
term ‘Robotics’
 The word ‘Cybernetics’ is used by
Norbert Wiener when he formulates
the Principles of Cybernetics
 Fritz Lang's movie "Metropolis" is
released in 1926. "Maria" the female
robot in the film is the first robot to be
projected on the silver screen.

7. THE PRESENT
SCENARIO

8. Although our history and literature is
crowded with references to automatons,
our true interaction with machines
started with the Industrial revolution.
Steam powered engines began to truly
ease the burden off the shoulder of
humans.
The introduction of the first mechanized
assembly line by Eli Whitney in 1797
was a revolutionary breakthrough.

9.  The modern day Man-Machine
Interaction may be divided into 2
categories:
1. Control of machines in general using
devices like steering wheel, automobile
pedal, or button.
2. Human–computer interaction.
 The first category is the classical one
and least controversial. We use it
daily
 The second category is the emerging
one, which we are beginning to use,

10. We focus on the Human-
Computer Interface since it is
where ethical considerations
come into play with themes like:
 Robot-Emotion
 Treatment of emotion enhanced robots
 Place of augmented humans in society
 Moral issues of using machines to interfere with
what Nature intended
 And by extension immortality

11. SOME CASE STUDIES

12. "Luke" arm developed by Dean Kamen's Deka
organization, funded by DARPA

13. ISAAC ASIMOV
 Explored the pitfalls of MMI beautifully
in his works.
 R. Daneel Olivaw is the pinnacle in
humanoid robot development with
something akin to emotion.
 He befriends a human who
reciprocates his feelings and this
relationship ultimately alters the
course of human history(future) over a
few thousand years.

14.  R. Giskard gains the ability to sense
human emotion and alter them leading
to the destruction of Earth.
 Golan Trevize’s mind controlled
automatic spaceship communicates
with him through his hands and
follows his every thought.

15. BIONIC MAN REX
 It incorporates some of the latest
advances in prosthetic technology, as
well as an artificial pancreas, kidney,
spleen and trachea, and a functional
blood circulatory system
 Created as a collaboration between
Sheffield university, MIT, Oxford,
University College London and
Swansea

16. REX
The $1million complete bionic man complete with artificial organs, synthetic blood
and robot limbs

17. PROSTHETICS
An ancient Egyptian Wooden prosthetic toe

18. Oscar Pistorius
 He participated in the Summer
Olympics with a pair of prosthetic
limbs
 Generated controversy over whether
his ‘Flex-Foot Cheetah Blade’ gave
him any advantage over other athletes

19. OSCAR PISTORIUS
Oscar Pistorius during the Summer Olympics 2012

20. MEDICAL SCIENCES
 Robotic surgery is poised to allow the
best doctors from around the world
operate on the most critical patient
anywhere in the world
 In 1988, the PROBOT, developed at
Imperial College London, was used to
perform prostatic surgery by Dr.
Senthil Nathan at Guy's and St
Thomas' Hospital, London

21. ROBOTIC SURGICAL SYSTEM
A robotically assisted surgical system used for prostatectomies, cardiac valve
repair and gynaecologic surgical procedures

22. COMMON MMI
 Several implants in the human body
like:
◦ Cochlear implant
◦ Pace Maker
◦ Micro Chip implant
 Increasing dependence on technology
like Apple’s Siri which can be talked to
 Google Glass project
 Sensors surround us working even
without human interference

23. PROF. STEPHEN HAWKINS
He is living proof of the benefits of a Man-Computer Interface which allows him to
move and speak through speakers mounted on his wheelchair even though he
has Motor-Neuron disease

24. GOOGLE GLASS
Its an augmented reality Head-Mounted Display that projects real time
information into the wearers retina and will communicate by using bone
conduction sound technology instead of human speech

25. A PEEK INTO THE
FUTURE

26. SELF DRIVEN CARS
 Self-driven cars are just round the
corner working with each other without
human interference to navigate the
fastest and safest route
 Potential for a ‘Zero’ accident scenario
 Very desirable technology with both
civilian and battlefield implications

27. GOOGLE’S SELF DRIVEN CAR
This is an experimental car from Google which is able to navigate its way
through city traffic autonomously

28. A.I. SURGERY
 In May 2006 the first AI doctor-
conducted unassisted robotic surgery
on a 34 year old male to correct heart
arythmia
 The surgery was rated as better than
an above-average surgeon
 In the future Surgeries will be done
flawlessly by means on robotic A.I.

29. ROBOT EXO SKELETONS
 An almost tireless body
 Able to do the work of many men and
machines alone. Dr. Octopus from
Spiderman is a famous example
 Possibility to shed the weak human
body and be as powerful as machines

30. DR. OCTOPUS
Dr. Octopus with his four robotic ‘assistants’

31. CYBORGS
 A man-machine mixture and the
ultimate form of robot exo-skeleton
made famous by RoboCop
 A cybernetic organism is a large
network of communication and control
made famous by SkyNet

32. ROBOCOP
After being mortally wounded in a firefight officer Murphy morphs into
RoboCop

33. THE PITFALLS OF MMI

34. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
 Are we prepared to accept a robot that
feels like a human
 What if the robot demands equality
with humans and uses his undeniably
superior powers to achieve them
 Do robots need emotion in the first
place
 Again can robots be a faithful
companion if it doesn’t have emotion

35. ROGUE A.I.
 Popularized by ‘The Terminator’ series
of movies
 Leaving the running of day to day life
to robots might make us lose control
of our lives
 Sentient robots might consider
themselves our master

36. TERMINATOR ROBOT
Terminator robots are sent from the future by a rogue A.I. Skynet which plans
to destroy all of humanity

37. AUGMENTED HUMANS
 Can humans with augmented limbs be
allowed to compete in society or
should they be a special case
 Augmenting allows more ability than
muscular limbs- Are we prepared to
allow a person in our midst who can
hear even our tiniest whispers

38. STAGNATION
 As robots take over the hard work of
humans we grow weaker and weaker
 Less productive humans with no
impetus to explore new frontiers
 Science and technological
development gradually slows to a halt
 Humans less prepared to adapt
physically to any eventuality

39. POSSIBLE FUTURE HUMAN EVOLUTION
The human race may split into 2 different species in the future it has been
predicted. The impact of stagnating human lifestyle has not yet been studied
properly

40. IMMORTALITY
 With the ability to scan the brain via
MRI we are nearer to immortality than
any previous generation
 The brain can be scanned and
uploaded to a computer to allow a
person to live in a machine even if the
body withers away
 So what constitutes a human? Only
his brain or the entire body

41. CLOSING THOUGHTS

42. BLESSINGS
 With the benefits MMI brings in to the
progress of Human society its
inevitable that Man-Machine
Interaction will continue to increase
 Replaceable biological organs with
machines provides a way out of
matching blood group, unavailability of
organs etc

43. CURSES
 The increasing MMI might cause
catastrophe in Nature
 It might be harmful for future humans
to be totally reliant on machines for
even basic needs of life
 Augmented humans might be
controversial in society

44. AMBIGIOUS
 We are not yet at the point of
seamless MMI
 What we have is rudimentary voice or
nerve control
 What we need is direct brain control
 We don’t know whether it will be good
or bad
 But MMI is inevitable

45. REFERENCES
 http://robotics.megagiant.com/history.h
tml
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetic
s
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-
machine_interaction