The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence from ancient myths to modern applications. It examines perspectives from philosophers like Descartes and Plato who may have objected to AI. While AI was highly regarded in ancient times, philosophers questioned whether machines could truly think or experience the world in a human way. Descartes argued AI dehumanizes humans and lacks rational decision making. Plato believed reasoning is a uniquely human ability developed through experience. The document also discusses military uses of drones and concerns about autonomous weapons.
Dan Faggella - TEDx Slides 2015 - Artificial intelligence and ConsciousnessDaniel Faggella
URL of the original TEDx Talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PjiZbMhqqTM
Notes from my 2015 TEDx presentation, titled: "We Should Wake Up Before The Machines Do," on the topic of artificial intelligence and consciousness.
Speaker: Daniel Faggella
Location: Southern New Hampshire University
Will humans become posthuman? Adam Ford 2021Adam Ford
Slides for Will Humans become Posthuman debate (affirmative side) at Melbourne Uni 2021.
Video on A Posthuman Future recorded in 2017 by Adam Ford: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cqkzzDT8U
Also here: https://archive.org/details/will-humans-become-posthuman-adam-ford-2021
Artificial Intelligence can machine thinkpaulmateo5
Technology, innovation, and artificial intelligence have advanced drastically in the past few decades. According to one philosopher, Lady Lovelace, she argued that, A computer cannot "originate anything" but only "can do whatever we know how to order it to perform". But Allan Turing proved that his "universal computing machine" would be capable of performing any conceivable mathematical computation if it were representable as an algorithm. I will argue that an action made by an artefact does not only depend on the order made by its human designer rather an artefact is capable of learning.
Dan Faggella - TEDx Slides 2015 - Artificial intelligence and ConsciousnessDaniel Faggella
URL of the original TEDx Talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PjiZbMhqqTM
Notes from my 2015 TEDx presentation, titled: "We Should Wake Up Before The Machines Do," on the topic of artificial intelligence and consciousness.
Speaker: Daniel Faggella
Location: Southern New Hampshire University
Will humans become posthuman? Adam Ford 2021Adam Ford
Slides for Will Humans become Posthuman debate (affirmative side) at Melbourne Uni 2021.
Video on A Posthuman Future recorded in 2017 by Adam Ford: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cqkzzDT8U
Also here: https://archive.org/details/will-humans-become-posthuman-adam-ford-2021
Artificial Intelligence can machine thinkpaulmateo5
Technology, innovation, and artificial intelligence have advanced drastically in the past few decades. According to one philosopher, Lady Lovelace, she argued that, A computer cannot "originate anything" but only "can do whatever we know how to order it to perform". But Allan Turing proved that his "universal computing machine" would be capable of performing any conceivable mathematical computation if it were representable as an algorithm. I will argue that an action made by an artefact does not only depend on the order made by its human designer rather an artefact is capable of learning.
An elusive holy grail and many small victories Alan Sardella
My term paper for a course in the philosophy of AI: covers early history (Turing, McCarthy, Minsky), problems encountered (frame problem), alternate directions (phenomenology, enactivism), and examples from the popular culture. There are three related conclusions: (1) the dichotomy of “strong versus weak” AI is misleading and misrepresents the current state of the industry; (2) the frame problem yields insights into not only AI and cognitive science, but into philosophy of mind and personal identity; and (3) the broader philosophy of technology should take primacy on the current state of AI concerns.
AnswerTuring TestCoined by computing pioneer Alan Turing in .pdfnareshsonyericcson
Answer:
Turing Test:
Coined by computing pioneer Alan Turing in 1950, the Turing test was designed to be a
rudimentary way of determining whether or not a computer counts as \"intelligent\".
The test, as Turing designed it, is carried out as a sort of imitation game. On one side of a
computer screen sits a human judge, whose job is to chat to some mysterious interlocutors on the
other side. Most of those interlocutors will be humans; one will be a chatbot, created for the sole
purpose of tricking the judge into thinking that it is the real human.
Turing Test Objections:
1.The Theological Objection:
Substance dualists believe that thinking is a function of a non-material, separately existing,
substance that somehow “combines” with the body to make a person. So the argument might go
making a body can never be sufficient to guarantee the presence of thought: in themselves,
digital computers are no different from any other merely material bodies in being utterly unable
to think. Moreover to introduce the “theological” element it might be further added that, where a
“soul” is suitably combined with a body, this is always the work of the divine creator of the
universe: it is entirely up to God whether or not a particular kind of body is imbued with a
thinking soul.
2.The ‘Heads in the Sand’ Objection:
If there were thinking machines, then various consequences would follow. First, we would lose
the best reasons that we have for thinking that we are superior to everything else in the universe
(since our cherished “reason” would no longer be something that we alone possess). Second, the
possibility that we might be “supplanted” by machines would become a genuine worry: if there
were thinking machines, then very likely there would be machines that could think much better
than we can. Third, the possibility that we might be “dominated” by machines would also
become a genuine worry: if there were thinking machines, who\'s to say that they would not take
over the universe, and either enslave or exterminate us.
3.Arguments from Various Disabilities:
Turing considers a list of things that some people have claimed machines will never be able to
do:
(1) be kind.
(2) be resourceful.
(3) be beautiful.
(4) be friendly.
(5) have initiative.
(6) have a sense of humor.
(7) tell right from wrong.
(8) make mistakes.
(9) fall in love.
(10) enjoy strawberries and cream.
(11) make someone fall in love with one.
(12) learn from experience.
(13) use words properly.
(14) be the subject of one\'s own thoughts.
(15) have as much diversity of behavior as a man; (16) do something really new.
4.Argument from Continuity of the Nervous System:
The human brain and nervous system is not much like a digital computer. In particular, there are
reasons for being skeptical of the claim that the brain is a discrete-state machine. Turing observes
that a small error in the information about the size of a nervous impulse impinging on a neuron
may make a large difference to the size of the o.
The essay about In the future, what kind of relationship should .docxmehek4
The essay about
In the future, what kind of relationship should robots and humans have? In other words, in your opinion, will robots supplement (assist) or supplant (replace) us? Your answer to this question will become your thesis.
My thesis statement
There are relationship between human and robots, because military, emotion and prosthetics.
From those articles I make my essay. Please look at it and see what I wrote and fix any mistake
http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/machine-morality-and-human-responsibility
Machine Morality and Human Responsibility - The New Atlantis
www.thenewatlantis.com
E-mail Updates. Enter your e-mail address to receive occasional updates and previews from The New Atlantis.
http://www.livescience.com/27204-human-robot-relationships-turkle.html
Human-Robot Relations: Why We Should Worry | Sherry Turkle
www.livescience.com
People are looking more and more to robotic toys and tools for companionship, and less to other people, said Sherry Turkle, a professor of the social studies of ...
http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/medical-robots/biomimetic-anthropomorphic-robot-hand
This Is the Most Amazing Biomimetic Anthropomorphic Robot ...
spectrum.ieee.org
Here’s why it was important for them to design a new kind of robotic hand, according to Xu: “The conventional approach to designing anthropomorphic ...
This is compleat my essay
In today's cutting edge life innovation has contributed in individuals lives from numerous points of view. Particularly automated frameworks with man-made brain-power can perform numerous modern obligations and getting the opportunity to be progressively imperative for a few individuals. In any case, there are the individuals who believe that robots have a contrary effect for individuals and can acquire amazing risk what's to come. These perspectives must be tended to as needs be.
Today, it has been demonstrated, that automated framework has profited from multiple points of view. Case in point, couple of robots has helped youngsters with formative inabilities others have enhanced the wellbeing status of individuals with various insufficiencies. Individuals who have encountered treatment robots in their lives have remarked that robots gotten certain their lives and tackled issues with their wellbeing. The other reality is that in some mechanical nations robots are helping kids with insufficiencies to grow speedier and have affected emphatically to their conduct. Be that as it may a few individuals consider that robots might be to a great degree unsafe for individuals. One explanation behind this is robots have counterfeit savvy and they can't supplant human shrewd in taking care of various issues. Case in point, couple of robots has begun to work in a few healing facilities and it is extremely risky for patients as robots can't be in charge of their activity. Besides, robots might represent the conceivable increment of unemployment later on. This can be prove, as manag ...
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
An elusive holy grail and many small victories Alan Sardella
My term paper for a course in the philosophy of AI: covers early history (Turing, McCarthy, Minsky), problems encountered (frame problem), alternate directions (phenomenology, enactivism), and examples from the popular culture. There are three related conclusions: (1) the dichotomy of “strong versus weak” AI is misleading and misrepresents the current state of the industry; (2) the frame problem yields insights into not only AI and cognitive science, but into philosophy of mind and personal identity; and (3) the broader philosophy of technology should take primacy on the current state of AI concerns.
AnswerTuring TestCoined by computing pioneer Alan Turing in .pdfnareshsonyericcson
Answer:
Turing Test:
Coined by computing pioneer Alan Turing in 1950, the Turing test was designed to be a
rudimentary way of determining whether or not a computer counts as \"intelligent\".
The test, as Turing designed it, is carried out as a sort of imitation game. On one side of a
computer screen sits a human judge, whose job is to chat to some mysterious interlocutors on the
other side. Most of those interlocutors will be humans; one will be a chatbot, created for the sole
purpose of tricking the judge into thinking that it is the real human.
Turing Test Objections:
1.The Theological Objection:
Substance dualists believe that thinking is a function of a non-material, separately existing,
substance that somehow “combines” with the body to make a person. So the argument might go
making a body can never be sufficient to guarantee the presence of thought: in themselves,
digital computers are no different from any other merely material bodies in being utterly unable
to think. Moreover to introduce the “theological” element it might be further added that, where a
“soul” is suitably combined with a body, this is always the work of the divine creator of the
universe: it is entirely up to God whether or not a particular kind of body is imbued with a
thinking soul.
2.The ‘Heads in the Sand’ Objection:
If there were thinking machines, then various consequences would follow. First, we would lose
the best reasons that we have for thinking that we are superior to everything else in the universe
(since our cherished “reason” would no longer be something that we alone possess). Second, the
possibility that we might be “supplanted” by machines would become a genuine worry: if there
were thinking machines, then very likely there would be machines that could think much better
than we can. Third, the possibility that we might be “dominated” by machines would also
become a genuine worry: if there were thinking machines, who\'s to say that they would not take
over the universe, and either enslave or exterminate us.
3.Arguments from Various Disabilities:
Turing considers a list of things that some people have claimed machines will never be able to
do:
(1) be kind.
(2) be resourceful.
(3) be beautiful.
(4) be friendly.
(5) have initiative.
(6) have a sense of humor.
(7) tell right from wrong.
(8) make mistakes.
(9) fall in love.
(10) enjoy strawberries and cream.
(11) make someone fall in love with one.
(12) learn from experience.
(13) use words properly.
(14) be the subject of one\'s own thoughts.
(15) have as much diversity of behavior as a man; (16) do something really new.
4.Argument from Continuity of the Nervous System:
The human brain and nervous system is not much like a digital computer. In particular, there are
reasons for being skeptical of the claim that the brain is a discrete-state machine. Turing observes
that a small error in the information about the size of a nervous impulse impinging on a neuron
may make a large difference to the size of the o.
The essay about In the future, what kind of relationship should .docxmehek4
The essay about
In the future, what kind of relationship should robots and humans have? In other words, in your opinion, will robots supplement (assist) or supplant (replace) us? Your answer to this question will become your thesis.
My thesis statement
There are relationship between human and robots, because military, emotion and prosthetics.
From those articles I make my essay. Please look at it and see what I wrote and fix any mistake
http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/machine-morality-and-human-responsibility
Machine Morality and Human Responsibility - The New Atlantis
www.thenewatlantis.com
E-mail Updates. Enter your e-mail address to receive occasional updates and previews from The New Atlantis.
http://www.livescience.com/27204-human-robot-relationships-turkle.html
Human-Robot Relations: Why We Should Worry | Sherry Turkle
www.livescience.com
People are looking more and more to robotic toys and tools for companionship, and less to other people, said Sherry Turkle, a professor of the social studies of ...
http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/medical-robots/biomimetic-anthropomorphic-robot-hand
This Is the Most Amazing Biomimetic Anthropomorphic Robot ...
spectrum.ieee.org
Here’s why it was important for them to design a new kind of robotic hand, according to Xu: “The conventional approach to designing anthropomorphic ...
This is compleat my essay
In today's cutting edge life innovation has contributed in individuals lives from numerous points of view. Particularly automated frameworks with man-made brain-power can perform numerous modern obligations and getting the opportunity to be progressively imperative for a few individuals. In any case, there are the individuals who believe that robots have a contrary effect for individuals and can acquire amazing risk what's to come. These perspectives must be tended to as needs be.
Today, it has been demonstrated, that automated framework has profited from multiple points of view. Case in point, couple of robots has helped youngsters with formative inabilities others have enhanced the wellbeing status of individuals with various insufficiencies. Individuals who have encountered treatment robots in their lives have remarked that robots gotten certain their lives and tackled issues with their wellbeing. The other reality is that in some mechanical nations robots are helping kids with insufficiencies to grow speedier and have affected emphatically to their conduct. Be that as it may a few individuals consider that robots might be to a great degree unsafe for individuals. One explanation behind this is robots have counterfeit savvy and they can't supplant human shrewd in taking care of various issues. Case in point, couple of robots has begun to work in a few healing facilities and it is extremely risky for patients as robots can't be in charge of their activity. Besides, robots might represent the conceivable increment of unemployment later on. This can be prove, as manag ...
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and Sales
Artifical intelligence
1. Stanziale 1
Chris Stanziale
Dr. Busch
Philosophy
16 November 2012
Artificial Intelligence
Since the beginning of civilization, humans have always tried to better themselves, the
world around them, and the many physical and mental experiences, for better or for worse. These
ideas of “bettering the human experience” have grown from very primal thoughts to full blown
automations that we know of today. The inventions we know of today act like humans and can
perform specific tasks like humans. The list goes on and on. This is all possible because of the
exponential development of artificial intelligence.
The simple, yet radical, thought of incorporating the many functions of the human mind
into a lifeless object had very humble beginnings. The idea first started out in the myths of many
societies, specifically ancient Greece and the Middle East. In these myths, the Greeks believed
that there were two statues, Pygmallion and Galatea, that could come to life instantly and fulfill
the exact functions a human could. While in over in the Middle East, the civilization had many
humanoid looking sculptures that were not supposed to resemble any specific human being
created in bunches. The wide-spread belief of the created “automatons” by the people was that
these sculptures had been given a “human mind” by their creator and they were considered
sacred in the culture. This then leads into the actual being of artificial intelligence and its
capabilities. If AI was so highly regarded in the ancient world, one can only imagine how highly
it is thought of now. We use artificial intelligence everyday of our lives without even knowing it
2. Stanziale 2
or, when we do, just shrug it off. From everyday computers, to the not so everyday robots,
artificial intelligence has as held a place in human culture.
The first ever conference on artificial intelligence came in 1956 at Dartmouth College to
talk about what artificial intelligence really is and what the plans are for the future. Well, we can
now say looking back that it was a lot. The term was first coined and ideas were exchanged.
What followed was the greatest and quickest following and development of any scientifical field
in the history of the world. Today, we, as a society, are advancing much faster than ever before.
Therefore, we need to create several things to expand our social needs and help us better the
human experience. Thus is so by the creation of AI, artificial intelligence. From personal
computers to war machine drones, the societal gain of AI has tremendously increased since the
early days of this concept.
If one were to combine the two topics of robotics and computers, they may find
themselves looking into the abilities and uses the military tactical forces. In the United States, the
current use of AI for warfare is quite surpassing anyone would have thought. The ability to
create a drone that can be controlled from a computer so far away from the battlefield is quite
amazing. Not only does it save U.S. soldiers’ lives, it further demonstrates the U.S.’s prowess in
the military advances. However there are issues that come with such a feat. One is that these
drones will become powerful enough to destroy large quantities of civilization. The current
research and development team in the United States military are always looking to improve the
chances of the United States winning at all costs. Eventually this could lead to catastrophic
measures. Granted it is saving human lives on one side, one can argue that it leads to the
possibility of destroying more on the opposition’s side. I would argue that if this were to occur
that the U.S. can potentially help others with their research on this. Thus leading into a full on
3. Stanziale 3
war between man controlled machines. However it leaves to be explained, what is the extent that
the military can go with these things? Well, just from imagination we can conjure up ideas of
giant robotic war machines. Imagine if they were real, the capacity of war, and it could all very
well be a possibility. For such a great and powerful thing, I think that philosophers would have
no retort to such research. The ability to essentially annihilate the enemy would only bring up
ethical issues and not the humanistic issues of those of Plato and Descartes. However, I still feel
they would both object to the situation at hand. For one it is quite commonly known that these
philosophers were both very humanistic in their approaches towards life. If the military, or
anyone for that matter, would to create such a war machine that it has the capability to destroy
everything in its path and especially human life, would not sit well the mindsets of both of these
prestigious philosophers. Killing off your own kind because you are able to create such a AI
program that it destroys mankind at the expense of a non-human minded creature is something
anyone would object to.
With all the many AI run compatibilities we have in today’s society, it is very easy to just
sit back and watch the show. However, there were many people before us who would have a
problem or at least question the many abilities of artificial intelligence. One of those people
would be philosopher, Rene Descartes. Mr. Descartes actually did predict that somewhere along
the lines of humanity that one day someone would be able to build a human like structure and
fabricate something that would resemble and be able to carry out the many functions of the
human brain. However, despite his predictions, he was not a fan of such work. One of the first
problems Descartes would have with the entire AI ability is that it dehumanizes humans.
Descartes argued way before the research of robotics that if society were able to fabricate a
mind, one would not be able to use in a human body, and therefore, in turn, use it in some lifeless
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made up body as well. Descartes believed that humans were a superior race for a reason and, I
believe, he would feel upset at the human race if he were to see robots running around. We see
robots today and do not think much of it or fascinated by it. Descartes would say that robots in
itself are lifeless beings. For one he felt that to be compatible and highly regarded in this world,
one must have the prudence to distinguish situations in real world situations. The AI created
today for most robotics does not include “rational decision making”, rather it is off one so that a
specific task to be carried out. So Descartes would argue, what is the purpose of such a thing if it
cannot make a decision for itself? Another big selling point for Descartes on such an issue would
be the ability to speak. Yes, there are plenty instances where one has been able to speak to a
computer or phone, specifically Apple’s Siri, where we would ask it a question and get a
predisposed answer back. Granted it is a very limited form of language, we, as a society, accept
that it is talking back to us. However for Descartes, I believe he would argue that this is not
“rational language” which makes humans human and distinguishes such a class. Rational
language for one that does not know consists of adjusting to the social situation one is currently
present in when making conversation, and the ability to communicate on the fly, where one can
adjust their words accordingly to the present situation at hand. Well, compared to most
computers, Siri on the iPhone, seems to be the best example that can do such a thing. One can
ask it anything and it will get a reply back that seems as if someone inside the phone is talking to
you. However, we all blatantly know this isn’t such the case. Rather, Descartes would argue, if
we were to take such AI and had a human talk to it, it would be a very awkward situation. What
essentially Descartes would want in this argument, is that he would not be able to hold
conversation with Siri because it is a predisposed being and had he asked it a very deep question
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that is not in the range of Siri’s capabilities, the AI would not be able to adjust fully, while a
human most certainly would.
Besides Descartes, another philosopher that would take issue to the entire AI idea would
be that of Plato. For Plato, reasoning would be the main human learning experience and as to
why we can distinguish two physical things from one another. Nowadays there are self-learning
computers and robots that are self-taught and programmed by the internet and if they were to
identify a physical being, it could essentially just search it on the internet, essentially destroying
Plato’s “experience” philosophy. However, there have also been robotics that have been identify
and learn physical beings without having the capability of turning to the internet as a resource.
Therefore, it would be learning through experience. But, Plato would probably not identify such
a thing as human, however. Plato was a humanist that thought humans were by far the most
superior species on the planet. Now that we have created something to our intellectual levels, it is
possible now for these robots to reason, which in turn according to Plato is what makes humans,
humans. Essentially, the AI for reasoning in robotics has become the same as humans, at least
according to the philosophy of Plato, which would not sit well for one of the most famous
philosophers of all time.
Building upon Descartes view, a specific test was conducted by Alan Turing involving a
supercomputer. He said he had given it the ability to answer any question a human asks and will
provide a full answer (rational language). Well the experiment was done and Turing noted that
“if a machine acts as intelligently as a human being, then it is intelligent as a human being”. This
conclusion would not be suffice for Descartes and rather foolish according to him. A human
cannot be as intellectual as a human mainly because it cannot react to certain social standards
that a human does. Descartes would say that it is just a computer that answers questions and
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whose answers are already programmed in. It cannot think for itself nor change its thinking on its
wants, needs, or emotions. It is just a lifeless creature that has the capacity to think.
This then leads into a very controversial topic in today’s AI, “can a computer become
more intellectually capable than a human?” This high fear was transcribed in 2001: A Space
Odyssey where the computer controlling the ship, HAL 9000, takes over the crew and commands
them throughout the movie, while realizing that he is a strong and powerful “being”. Since HAL
grew increasingly more stronger everyday it was able to control all the things that had a potential
to kill it, and turned it on the space crew. This instance can be connected back to the military use
of AI. If the research and development department were to somehow create a create machine that
has the mind of HAL, there just might be catastrophic consequences. Even today, with the
powerful, yet primitive, drones we have now were to turn on the military and destroy anything in
their path would be quite devastating. So the question is asked, “Is it truly possible to have a
HAL incident in today’s society?” For the early philosophers and for Descartes especially,
humans will always be superior and the intelligence cannot be matched for whatever reasons
they hold. However, at the rate the AI has grown over the years it is a very feasible opinion.
Granted no one wants to see it happen, but for Descartes, it will never happen.
The capacity to think of such a great and complex ability mainly because we were born
with it and then transpose into another “body” is a great feat in human history. The fact that we
are now able to facilitate a human mind is quite great, but at the same time very fearful. It can be
possible one day we can create something that will be too powerful for us to stop, and maybe
have a Space Odyssey situation. But as of 2012, the AI department of science is still far away
from such thing and the wonders it has done for society far surpasses anything those people at
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the Dartmouth conference would have ever imagined, and for most certainly the great,
humanistic minds of both Plato and Descartes.
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Works Cited
"Artificial Intelligence." Introduction. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://ai-
depot.com/Intro.html>.
"The History of AI." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2012.
<http://library.thinkquest.org/2705/history.html>.
Markoff, John. "SMARTER THAN YOU THINK; War Machines: Recruiting Robots for
Combat." The New York Times. The New York Times, 28 Nov. 2010. Web. 16 Nov.
2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/28/science/28robot.html?pagewanted=all>.
"Military." AITopics /. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://aitopics.net/Military>.
"WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?" WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE? N.p.,
n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/>.