Arrythmias and ek gs 1
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This document discusses various types of arrhythmias, their mechanisms, and EKG characteristics. It covers normal sinus rhythm, altered automaticity such as sinus bradycardia and tachycardia, reentry mechanisms including AV nodal reentrant tachycardia and atrial flutter, conduction blocks, and helpful questions for identifying unknown arrhythmias based on rate, rhythm regularity, QRS width, P waves, and relationship between P waves and QRS complexes.
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This document discusses various types of atrial and junctional dysrhythmias seen on electrocardiograms (ECGs), including atrial fibrillation, flutter, tachycardia, and premature atrial contractions as well as junctional rhythms, accelerated junctional rhythms, tachycardias, and premature junctional contractions. Mechanisms and treatments for supraventricular tachycardia are explained, including catheter ablation procedures to treat conditions like Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Premature Atrial complexes
The document discusses three types of atrial premature complexes:
1. Normally conducted complexes which have an early P wave that conducts normally with a PR interval that may be normal, increased, or decreased and a QRS similar to sinus rhythm.
2. Non-conducted complexes where an early P wave is not followed by a QRS and the P wave is often hidden in the T wave.
3. Complexes with aberrant conduction where the early P wave is followed by a QRS with an abnormal conduction pattern most commonly right bundle branch block but sometimes left bundle branch block.
Junctional Rhythms - BMH/Tele
The document discusses junctional rhythms, which originate from the atrioventricular (AV) node. The AV node has three main functions: it slows conduction to allow for atrial emptying before ventricular contraction, it acts as a secondary pacemaker with a rate of 40-60 beats per minute (bpm), and it blocks some impulses from being conducted to the ventricles during rapid atrial rates. Premature junctional contractions are early beats originating in the AV junction that can cause slight irregularity. A junctional escape beat occurs late in an underlying rhythm with an inverted, hidden, or late/inverted P wave. A junctional rhythm appears when the sinoatrial node fires at a rate lower
Junctional arrhythmias
This document discusses junctional rhythms, which occur when the atrioventricular (AV) node acts as the backup pacemaker when the sinoatrial (SA) node fails. There are three types of junctional rhythm: junctional rhythm with a rate of 40-60 bpm; accelerated junctional rhythm with a rate of 61-100 bpm; and junctional tachycardia with a rate of 101-180 bpm. All junctional rhythms lack P waves or have inverted, buried, or retrograde P waves and a absent, short, or retrograde PR interval. Causes include SA node disease, increased vagal tone, digitalis use, and inferior wall myocardial infarction. Treatment options are
Atrial arrhythmias(2)
This document discusses various arrhythmias of the atria including atrial ectopic beats, atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation. It provides details on the characteristic electrocardiogram patterns of each condition, including descriptions of the P waves, QRS rate and rhythm, and QRS width. Atrial ectopic beats involve premature impulses from the atria. Atrial tachycardia has a regular rapid heart rate between 150-200 bpm. Atrial flutter sees sawtooth flutter waves in the baseline at a rate of 300 bpm. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by irregular rapid impulses that prevent effective atrial emptying.
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The document provides guidance on interpreting 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs). It discusses evaluating the rate, rhythm, axis, signs of hypertrophy, and evidence of infarction on ECGs. Key steps include determining the heart rate using a "300, 150, 100" counting method and identifying abnormalities in rate, rhythm, conduction, hypertrophy, or signs of injury or necrosis. Interpreting ECGs involves analyzing the P wave, QRS complex, T wave, and ST segment to evaluate for conditions like myocardial infarction, bundle branch blocks, ventricular hypertrophy, and more.
EKG Module
This ECG shows three different rhythms: atrial flutter, a sinus beat, and atrial fibrillation. Atrial flutter has a sawtooth pattern best seen in certain leads and an atrial rate of 250-350 bpm with a regular ventricular rate half the atrial rate. Atrial fibrillation has irregular undulations representing disorganized atrial activation without contraction. This ECG also shows third-degree heart block with independent atrial and ventricular rhythms, indicated by an atrial rate of 88 bpm and ventricular rate of 50 bpm.
Tachydysrhythmias
This document discusses various tachyarrhythmias including:
- Sinus tachycardia with a rate usually between 100-160 bpm.
- Atrial flutter with a typical sawtooth pattern and ventricle rate between 65-150 bpm depending on block.
- Atrial fibrillation seen as irregularly irregular rhythm with fibrillatory waves in leads.
- AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) being the most common form of supraventricular tachycardia, with retrograde P waves sometimes hidden in QRS.
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome seen as a short PR interval with slurred QRS upstroke in sinus rhythm
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ECG Atrial and Junctional rhythms Dr Sarfaraz
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Premature Atrial complexes
The document discusses three types of atrial premature complexes:
1. Normally conducted complexes which have an early P wave that conducts normally with a PR interval that may be normal, increased, or decreased and a QRS similar to sinus rhythm.
2. Non-conducted complexes where an early P wave is not followed by a QRS and the P wave is often hidden in the T wave.
3. Complexes with aberrant conduction where the early P wave is followed by a QRS with an abnormal conduction pattern most commonly right bundle branch block but sometimes left bundle branch block.
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The document discusses junctional rhythms, which originate from the atrioventricular (AV) node. The AV node has three main functions: it slows conduction to allow for atrial emptying before ventricular contraction, it acts as a secondary pacemaker with a rate of 40-60 beats per minute (bpm), and it blocks some impulses from being conducted to the ventricles during rapid atrial rates. Premature junctional contractions are early beats originating in the AV junction that can cause slight irregularity. A junctional escape beat occurs late in an underlying rhythm with an inverted, hidden, or late/inverted P wave. A junctional rhythm appears when the sinoatrial node fires at a rate lower
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This document discusses junctional rhythms, which occur when the atrioventricular (AV) node acts as the backup pacemaker when the sinoatrial (SA) node fails. There are three types of junctional rhythm: junctional rhythm with a rate of 40-60 bpm; accelerated junctional rhythm with a rate of 61-100 bpm; and junctional tachycardia with a rate of 101-180 bpm. All junctional rhythms lack P waves or have inverted, buried, or retrograde P waves and a absent, short, or retrograde PR interval. Causes include SA node disease, increased vagal tone, digitalis use, and inferior wall myocardial infarction. Treatment options are
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This document discusses various arrhythmias of the atria including atrial ectopic beats, atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation. It provides details on the characteristic electrocardiogram patterns of each condition, including descriptions of the P waves, QRS rate and rhythm, and QRS width. Atrial ectopic beats involve premature impulses from the atria. Atrial tachycardia has a regular rapid heart rate between 150-200 bpm. Atrial flutter sees sawtooth flutter waves in the baseline at a rate of 300 bpm. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by irregular rapid impulses that prevent effective atrial emptying.
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The document provides guidance on interpreting 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs). It discusses evaluating the rate, rhythm, axis, signs of hypertrophy, and evidence of infarction on ECGs. Key steps include determining the heart rate using a "300, 150, 100" counting method and identifying abnormalities in rate, rhythm, conduction, hypertrophy, or signs of injury or necrosis. Interpreting ECGs involves analyzing the P wave, QRS complex, T wave, and ST segment to evaluate for conditions like myocardial infarction, bundle branch blocks, ventricular hypertrophy, and more.
EKG Module
This ECG shows three different rhythms: atrial flutter, a sinus beat, and atrial fibrillation. Atrial flutter has a sawtooth pattern best seen in certain leads and an atrial rate of 250-350 bpm with a regular ventricular rate half the atrial rate. Atrial fibrillation has irregular undulations representing disorganized atrial activation without contraction. This ECG also shows third-degree heart block with independent atrial and ventricular rhythms, indicated by an atrial rate of 88 bpm and ventricular rate of 50 bpm.
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This document discusses various tachyarrhythmias including:
- Sinus tachycardia with a rate usually between 100-160 bpm.
- Atrial flutter with a typical sawtooth pattern and ventricle rate between 65-150 bpm depending on block.
- Atrial fibrillation seen as irregularly irregular rhythm with fibrillatory waves in leads.
- AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) being the most common form of supraventricular tachycardia, with retrograde P waves sometimes hidden in QRS.
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome seen as a short PR interval with slurred QRS upstroke in sinus rhythm
Cardiac arrhythmias originating in sinus node modified
This document describes different types of sinus arrhythmias:
- Sinus tachycardia has a heart rate over 100 bpm but under 140 bpm, with regular rhythm and normal P waves.
- Sinus bradycardia has a heart rate under 60 bpm, with regular rhythm and normal P waves.
- Sinus arrhythmia has a heart rate of 60-100 bpm with a slightly irregular rhythm from respiration and normal P waves.
- Sinus block causes dropped beats when impulses from the SA node are blocked, seen on ECG as absent PQRST complexes with normal rhythm afterwards.
Ventricular arrhythmias
Ventricular arrhythmias originate in the ventricles and include premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular tachycardia is defined as three or more consecutive ventricular beats at a rate over 100 beats per minute and can be caused by mechanisms like reentry, automaticity, and triggered activity. Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia includes conditions like torsades de pointes and Brugada syndrome. Acute management of sustained ventricular tachycardia includes termination attempts using antiarrhythmic drugs or cardioversion, while long term prevention focuses on drugs, ablation, or implantable cardioverter defibrillators depending on symptoms and left ventricular function.
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This document defines and provides criteria for identifying different types of cardiac rhythms based on an electrocardiogram (ECG). It describes rhythms including sinus tachycardia, atrial ectopic, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, accessory-mediated supraventricular tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, first degree atrioventricular block, second degree atrioventricular block types 1 and 2, third degree atrioventricular block, ventricular ectopic, ventricular bigeminy, couplet, monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, torsade de pointes, ventricular fibrillation, and asystole. For each rhythm, it
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The document discusses various cardiac arrhythmias including:
1. Sinus tachycardia originates from the sinus node with a heart rate of 100-180 BPM due to abnormal automaticity.
2. Atrial flutter is caused by reentry in the right and left atrium, presenting with rapid, regular P-waves at a rate of 250-400 BPM and an irregular ventricular response.
3. Atrial fibrillation is caused by multiple wavelets of reentry in the right and/or left atrium, with a heart rate over 400 BPM, irregular rhythm, and irregular ventricular response.
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1. The ECG shows a 45-year-old diabetic man with episodes of palpitations who presents with ventricular trigeminy.
2. Ventricular trigeminy is characterized by ventricular premature beats occurring after every two normal sinus beats with a compensatory pause.
3. Further investigation with Holter monitoring is recommended to better characterize the ventricular arrhythmia and assess for underlying cardiac disease.
ECG Rhythm Abnormalities
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Ventricular Tachycardia
This presentation tells briefly about ventricular tachycardia, its causes, clinical features, ECG and treatment.
Interpretation of arrhythmias
An ECG provides a representation of the heart's electrical activity during each cardiac cycle. It displays distinct waveforms that can provide insight into a patient's cardiac pathophysiology. The ECG paper displays time and voltage measurements to analyze rate, regularity, P waves, PR interval, and QRS duration in order to identify normal sinus rhythm or potential arrhythmias originating from problems in the sinus node, atria, AV node, or ventricles. Arrhythmias can cause the heart to beat too slowly, too quickly, or irregularly compared to normal sinus rhythm.
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The document provides information about various types of atrial rhythms including:
1. Wandering atrial pacemaker rhythm which can occur in healthy young hearts and is caused by increased vagal effect slowing the sinus rate.
2. Premature atrial contractions which occur when an ectopic site discharges before the sinus node, and can have normal or abnormal ventricular conduction.
3. Supraventricular tachycardia including paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with a rate of 140-250 bpm.
4. Atrial flutter originating from one site at a rate of 250-400 bpm producing sawtooth waves, and variable ventricular conduction depending on the ratio.
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Av nodal blocks
AV nodal blocks are disturbances in conduction through the heart that occur at the AV node due to damage or disease of the AV node. First degree AV block involves prolonged PR interval but normal conduction. Second degree AV block involves some sinus impulses not being conducted, with Mobitz type I showing progressively prolonged PR interval until a dropped beat, and Mobitz type II showing normal constant PR interval with occasional dropped beats. Third degree or complete AV block shows complete failure of conduction through the AV node with dissociation between P waves and QRS complexes.
ECG: Trifascicular Block
A 73-year-old male presented with dizziness for 1 year and chest pain for 2 days. His ECG showed left bundle branch block (LBBB) and first-degree atrioventricular block, consistent with possible trifascicular block. Trifascicular block must be confirmed with bundle of His electrogram. The patient has abnormal conduction through one or more divisions of the intraventricular conduction system distal to the bundle of His, presenting as LBBB and first-degree AV block. This suggests involvement of the left and right bundles as well as the AV node, consistent with trifascicular block.
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A 14-year-old girl presented with episodes of giddiness and transient loss of consciousness. Her ECG showed a 2:1 atrioventricular block with a heart rate of 45 beats per minute and bizarre T-wave inversions. This is consistent with Stokes-Adams attacks due to intermittent complete heart block. The level of the block needs to be confirmed with HIS bundle electrogram recording but it is likely infranodal given the abnormal QRS morphology. Permanent pacemaker implantation is recommended for recurrent syncopal attacks from complete heart block.
Arrythmias and ek gs 1
1. The document discusses various types of arrhythmias including normal sinus rhythm, altered automaticity, reentry, and conduction block.
2. Specific arrhythmias covered include sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, junctional tachycardia, ectopic atrial tachycardia, AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, AV reentrant tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia.
3. The document provides tips for diagnosing arrhythmias by examining heart rate, rhythm regularity, QRS width, P wave presence, and relationship between P waves and QRS complexes.
Arrhythmias general
The document discusses various types of arrhythmias and their mechanisms. It describes ectopic beats that originate from locations other than the sinoatrial node, and explains that they can cause single beats or take over the heart rhythm. The mechanisms of arrhythmias include altered automaticity, triggered activity, and reentry. Reentry involves unidirectional block and different conduction speeds that allow an impulse to circulate and repeat, creating a reentrant circuit. The document outlines several specific types of arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, atrioventricular nodal reentry, and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
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Cardiac arrhythmias originating in sinus node modified
This document describes different types of sinus arrhythmias:
- Sinus tachycardia has a heart rate over 100 bpm but under 140 bpm, with regular rhythm and normal P waves.
- Sinus bradycardia has a heart rate under 60 bpm, with regular rhythm and normal P waves.
- Sinus arrhythmia has a heart rate of 60-100 bpm with a slightly irregular rhythm from respiration and normal P waves.
- Sinus block causes dropped beats when impulses from the SA node are blocked, seen on ECG as absent PQRST complexes with normal rhythm afterwards.
Ventricular arrhythmias
Ventricular arrhythmias originate in the ventricles and include premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular tachycardia is defined as three or more consecutive ventricular beats at a rate over 100 beats per minute and can be caused by mechanisms like reentry, automaticity, and triggered activity. Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia includes conditions like torsades de pointes and Brugada syndrome. Acute management of sustained ventricular tachycardia includes termination attempts using antiarrhythmic drugs or cardioversion, while long term prevention focuses on drugs, ablation, or implantable cardioverter defibrillators depending on symptoms and left ventricular function.
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This document defines and provides criteria for identifying different types of cardiac rhythms based on an electrocardiogram (ECG). It describes rhythms including sinus tachycardia, atrial ectopic, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, accessory-mediated supraventricular tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, first degree atrioventricular block, second degree atrioventricular block types 1 and 2, third degree atrioventricular block, ventricular ectopic, ventricular bigeminy, couplet, monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, torsade de pointes, ventricular fibrillation, and asystole. For each rhythm, it
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The document discusses various cardiac arrhythmias including:
1. Sinus tachycardia originates from the sinus node with a heart rate of 100-180 BPM due to abnormal automaticity.
2. Atrial flutter is caused by reentry in the right and left atrium, presenting with rapid, regular P-waves at a rate of 250-400 BPM and an irregular ventricular response.
3. Atrial fibrillation is caused by multiple wavelets of reentry in the right and/or left atrium, with a heart rate over 400 BPM, irregular rhythm, and irregular ventricular response.
2nd part ECG basics PR interval and heart block
This document discusses PR interval and heart block. It defines the PR interval as the time from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex, normally ranging from 120-200ms. Abnormal PR intervals can be shortened or prolonged. A shortened PR interval may indicate preexcitation syndromes like WPW syndrome or AV junctional rhythms. A prolonged PR interval suggests different degrees of heart block, from first degree block with a constant delay, to second degree blocks like Mobitz I and II, and third degree or complete heart block where there is no relationship between P waves and QRS complexes.
Vpcs
ventricular premature complexes and idioventricular rhythm identification is important in the ICU ..they may run into arryhthmias..look over my seminar...
any queries...
ECG: Ventricular Premature Beats
1. The ECG shows a 45-year-old diabetic man with episodes of palpitations who presents with ventricular trigeminy.
2. Ventricular trigeminy is characterized by ventricular premature beats occurring after every two normal sinus beats with a compensatory pause.
3. Further investigation with Holter monitoring is recommended to better characterize the ventricular arrhythmia and assess for underlying cardiac disease.
ECG Rhythm Abnormalities
This document summarizes various cardiac arrhythmias including supraventricular arrhythmias like premature atrial complexes, atrial fibrillation, and atrial flutter as well as ventricular arrhythmias such as premature ventricular complexes and ventricular tachycardia. For each arrhythmia, it describes the characteristic ECG patterns including P wave morphology, QRS width, and rhythm irregularity. It also discusses distinguishing features, causes, and clinical implications of different arrhythmias.
Ekg Quiz 1 Arrhythmia Recognition
This document contains a quiz on EKG rhythm recognition. It presents 22 different cardiac rhythms or arrhythmias one at a time and asks the user to identify each rhythm based on characteristics like heart rate, P wave presence and relationship to QRS, and QRS width. It provides feedback and scores after each answer is submitted. The document promotes a website where more EKG rhythm games and learning tools can be accessed.
Ventricular Tachycardia
This presentation tells briefly about ventricular tachycardia, its causes, clinical features, ECG and treatment.
Interpretation of arrhythmias
An ECG provides a representation of the heart's electrical activity during each cardiac cycle. It displays distinct waveforms that can provide insight into a patient's cardiac pathophysiology. The ECG paper displays time and voltage measurements to analyze rate, regularity, P waves, PR interval, and QRS duration in order to identify normal sinus rhythm or potential arrhythmias originating from problems in the sinus node, atria, AV node, or ventricles. Arrhythmias can cause the heart to beat too slowly, too quickly, or irregularly compared to normal sinus rhythm.
Systematic ECG analysis
This document provides an overview of systematically analyzing an ECG. It discusses the normal components of an ECG including rate, rhythm, axis, P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, QT interval, ST segment, T wave, and other waves. It then examines each component in more detail, providing examples of normal and abnormal findings. Key aspects that could indicate conditions like myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and structural heart disease are emphasized. The document concludes with sample ECG rhythm and segment interpretation questions.
Case Presentataion-psvt
This document presents a case study of a 51-year-old female patient who suffered from chest pain, palpitations, and dizziness. She was previously diagnosed with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. An electrophysiology study revealed dual atrioventricular nodal pathways. Radiofrequency ablation was performed and initially failed to eliminate the tachycardia. After further ablation attempts, junctional rhythm occurred and ablation was stopped. This resulted in second-degree atrioventricular block. Follow-up EKGs showed first-degree AV block initially and normal sinus rhythm later. The document discusses endpoints for successful radiofrequency ablation and techniques for preventing AV block.
Atrial Rhythms - BMH/Tele
The document provides information about various types of atrial rhythms including:
1. Wandering atrial pacemaker rhythm which can occur in healthy young hearts and is caused by increased vagal effect slowing the sinus rate.
2. Premature atrial contractions which occur when an ectopic site discharges before the sinus node, and can have normal or abnormal ventricular conduction.
3. Supraventricular tachycardia including paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with a rate of 140-250 bpm.
4. Atrial flutter originating from one site at a rate of 250-400 bpm producing sawtooth waves, and variable ventricular conduction depending on the ratio.
5th part ECG basics: supraventricular arrhythmias Dr Salah Mabrouk Khallaf
Heart rate regular regular iiregularity iiregular iregularity tachycadia bradycardia sinus atrial junctionla ectopics rythm arrest supraventricular arrythmia
6th part ECG BASICs: ventricular arrhythmias Dr Salah Mabrouk Khallaf
ECG BASICs ventricular arrhythmias PVCS TRIGEMINY BIGEMINY ventricular escape beat tachycardia fibrillation
Av nodal blocks
AV nodal blocks are disturbances in conduction through the heart that occur at the AV node due to damage or disease of the AV node. First degree AV block involves prolonged PR interval but normal conduction. Second degree AV block involves some sinus impulses not being conducted, with Mobitz type I showing progressively prolonged PR interval until a dropped beat, and Mobitz type II showing normal constant PR interval with occasional dropped beats. Third degree or complete AV block shows complete failure of conduction through the AV node with dissociation between P waves and QRS complexes.
ECG: Trifascicular Block
A 73-year-old male presented with dizziness for 1 year and chest pain for 2 days. His ECG showed left bundle branch block (LBBB) and first-degree atrioventricular block, consistent with possible trifascicular block. Trifascicular block must be confirmed with bundle of His electrogram. The patient has abnormal conduction through one or more divisions of the intraventricular conduction system distal to the bundle of His, presenting as LBBB and first-degree AV block. This suggests involvement of the left and right bundles as well as the AV node, consistent with trifascicular block.
ECG - AV Block
A 14-year-old girl presented with episodes of giddiness and transient loss of consciousness. Her ECG showed a 2:1 atrioventricular block with a heart rate of 45 beats per minute and bizarre T-wave inversions. This is consistent with Stokes-Adams attacks due to intermittent complete heart block. The level of the block needs to be confirmed with HIS bundle electrogram recording but it is likely infranodal given the abnormal QRS morphology. Permanent pacemaker implantation is recommended for recurrent syncopal attacks from complete heart block.
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Similar to Arrythmias and ek gs 1
Arrythmias and ek gs 1
1. The document discusses various types of arrhythmias including normal sinus rhythm, altered automaticity, reentry, and conduction block.
2. Specific arrhythmias covered include sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, junctional tachycardia, ectopic atrial tachycardia, AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, AV reentrant tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia.
3. The document provides tips for diagnosing arrhythmias by examining heart rate, rhythm regularity, QRS width, P wave presence, and relationship between P waves and QRS complexes.
Arrhythmias general
The document discusses various types of arrhythmias and their mechanisms. It describes ectopic beats that originate from locations other than the sinoatrial node, and explains that they can cause single beats or take over the heart rhythm. The mechanisms of arrhythmias include altered automaticity, triggered activity, and reentry. Reentry involves unidirectional block and different conduction speeds that allow an impulse to circulate and repeat, creating a reentrant circuit. The document outlines several specific types of arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, atrioventricular nodal reentry, and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
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This document provides an overview of cardiac arrhythmias including their classification, mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches and management strategies. It discusses various specific arrhythmias in detail such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, sick sinus syndrome and heart block. Treatment options covered include pharmacological therapies using different classes of antiarrhythmic drugs, procedures like cardiac ablation and use of devices like pacemakers.
SVT-Alogarythm
This document discusses algorithms and ECG parameters for differentiating between types of narrow complex tachycardia, including atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT). Key parameters discussed include the presence of pseudo waves, retrograde P wave morphology and position, and the RP interval. The Jaeggi algorithm uses these parameters to differentiate AVNRT from AVRT based on ECG analysis alone in 76% of cases. Retrograde P wave morphology varies depending on the location of the accessory pathway in cases of AVRT.
Cardiac Arrythmias
This document provides information on various types of arrhythmias including:
- Supraventricular arrhythmias like atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation which involve rapid and irregular atrial rhythms.
- Re-entry supraventricular tachycardia which is caused by an extra connection between the atria and ventricles.
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome which results from an abnormal accessory pathway that can cause supraventricular tachycardia.
- Ventricular arrhythmias like ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation which involve rapid and life-threatening rhythms originating in the ventricles.
- Bradyarrhythmias including different
Ecg dysrhythmias-ii
This document provides an overview of basic cardiac dysrhythmias including atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, premature atrial complexes, wandering atrial pacemaker, junctional escape rhythms, accelerated junctional rhythms, premature junctional complexes, and supraventricular tachycardia. It describes the characteristics, causes, concerns and treatment approaches for each of these arrhythmias.
Ecg 3
This document summarizes different types of premature beats and arrhythmias based on their origin and characteristics. It discusses premature atrial contractions, premature junctional contractions, premature ventricular contractions, multifocal PVCs, and aberrant ventricular conduction. It also categorizes different tachyarrhythmias based on their origin, including sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, and ventricular tachycardia. Key characteristics like mechanism, rate, and rhythm are provided for each type.
TACHYARRYTHMIAS 11 MAY 23.pptx
1. Tachyarrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms with a rate over 100 beats per minute. They can originate from the atria, AV node, or ventricles.
2. Common supraventricular tachycardias include sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by irregularly irregular rhythm without P waves.
3. Ventricular arrhythmias include premature ventricular complexes, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia can degenerate into ventricular fibrillation and requires immediate defibrillation.
ecg.pptx
This document provides a summary of basics of ECG interpretation including:
1. It describes the normal conduction system and the 12 leads of an EKG including limb and precordial leads.
2. It explains how to determine heart rate using the Rule of 300 and 10 Second Rule and summarizes common rhythms like sinus, atrial, junctional and ventricular.
3. It outlines criteria for identifying conditions like chamber enlargements, bundle branch blocks, ischemia, infarction and provides examples of how these appear on EKGs.
Approach to svt
This document provides information on various types of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias including AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT), atrial tachycardia, junctional tachycardias, Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, and atrial fibrillation. It discusses the mechanisms, ECG patterns, symptoms, diagnostic approaches, and management options for these arrhythmias in 1-3 sentences per type of arrhythmia.
Arrhythmia
The document describes several types of normal and abnormal cardiac rhythms as identified by an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG). It provides descriptions and EKG criteria for normal sinus rhythm, sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, premature atrial complexes, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardia, premature junctional complexes, junctional rhythm, various degrees of atrioventricular block, premature ventricular contractions, ventricular bigeminy, and ventricular tachycardia.
Supraventricular tachyarrythmias
This document describes different types of supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs), which are rapid heart rhythms originating above the ventricles. It defines SVTs and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), and lists common symptoms. The types of SVTs are categorized based on their origin in the sinoatrial node, atria, or atrioventricular node/junction. Each type has a distinct electrocardiogram appearance and cause, such as reentry circuits, ectopic foci, or increased node automaticity. Common examples include AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and Wolff-Parkinson-
ELectrophysiology basics part4
This document discusses various types of arrhythmias including their mechanisms, diagnosis using electrophysiologic studies, and management. It covers topics such as AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial tachycardia, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and differentiation of arrhythmias using pacing techniques during electrophysiology studies. The role of EPS in establishing mechanisms of arrhythmias and guiding treatment is emphasized.
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Arrythmias and ek gs 1
- 1. Arrhythmias and EKGs Part 1
- 3. Normal Sinus Rhythm Implies normal sequence of conduction, originating in the sinus node and proceeding to the ventricles via the AV node and His-Purkinje system. EKG Characteristics: Regular narrow-complex rhythm Rate 60-100 bpm Each QRS complex is proceeded by a P wave P wave is upright in lead II & downgoing in lead aVR www.uptodate.com
- 6. Decreased Automaticity Sinus Bradycardia www.uptodate.com
- 7. Increased/Abnormal Automaticity Sinus tachycardia Junctional tachycardia Ectopic atrial tachycardia www.uptodate.com
- 12. Example of AVNRT
- 14. Atrial Flutter Most cases of atrial flutter are caused by a large reentrant circuit in the wall of the right atrium EKG Characteristics: Biphasic “sawtooth” flutter waves at a rate of ~ 300 bpm Flutter waves have constant amplitude, duration, and morphology through the cardiac cycle There is usually either a 2:1 or 4:1 block at the AV node, resulting in ventricular rates of either 150 or 75 bpm www.uptodate.com
- 15. Unmasking of Flutter Waves In the presence of 2:1 AV block, the flutter waves may not be immediately apparent. These can be brought out by administration of adenosine. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005.
- 16. Atrial Fibrillation Atrial fibrillation is caused by numerous wavelets of depolarization spreading throughout the atria simultaneously, leading to an absence of coordinated atrial contraction. Atrial fibrillation is important because it can lead to: Hemodynamic compromise Systemic embolization Symptoms www.uptodate.com
- 17. Atrial Fibrillation EKG Characteristics: Absent P waves Presence of fine “fibrillatory” waves which vary in amplitude and morphology Irregularly irregular ventricular response www.uptodate.com
- 18. What is this arrhythmia? Ventricular tachycardia Ventricular tachycardia is usually caused by reentry, and most commonly seen in patients following myocardial infarction.
- 20. 1 st Degree AV Block EKG Characteristics: Prolongation of the PR interval, which is constant All P waves are conducted The Alan E. Lindsay ECG Learning Center ; http://medstat.med.utah.edu/kw/ecg/
- 21. 2 nd Degree AV Block Type 1 (Wenckebach) EKG Characteristics: Progressive prolongation of the PR interval until a P wave is not conducted. As the PR interval prolongs, the RR interval actually shortens EKG Characteristics: Constant PR interval with intermittent failure to conduct Type 2
- 22. 3 rd Degree (Complete) AV Block EKG Characteristics: No relationship between P waves and QRS complexes Relatively constant PP intervals and RR intervals Greater number of P waves than QRS complexes www.uptodate.com