aromatic hydrocarbons

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BENZENE

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AROMATICITY
Huckels Rule
a ring contains (4n+2) pi e show aromatic character.

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Chemical properties
Electrophilic substitution reaction
Nitration

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Sulphonation

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Halogenation

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What is meant by Carcinogenicity ?
A carcinogen can be defined as the radiations, radionuclide, or the substance that are directly
involved in the formation of cancer, these are called carcinogenic substances, and also a
carcinogen, and the whole process is called carcinogenicity.
The carcinogenic substances can damage the cells that are involved in the metabolism
process or damage the genome. Several radioactive substances are known as carcinogenic,
but the carcinogenic behavior of these substances is led by the radiation they emit.
Gamma rays and Alpha particles are some examples of carcinogenic substances. We also
have non-radioactive carcinogens like inhaled asbestos, tobacco smoke, and certain
dioxins.

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Cancer is a group of diseases that leads to abnormal cell growth in other parts of the body. In
this disease, the body cells get harmed. It is seen often that carcinogenic substances raise the
risk of cancer as they damage the metabolic cells of the body. Also, they damage the DNA
component of the cell, which is directly associated with several biological processes of the body
that lead to tumors.
In case of incomplete combustion of materials that are organic such as petroleum, tobacco, and coal,
the polynuclear hydrocarbons form. When the substances enter the human body they undergo
biochemical reactions that lead to damaged DNA cells and cause cancer, further causing death.

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What is meant by Toxicity?
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a chemical can harm the human cells of
the body.

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