The document summarizes the CGIAR Consortium's landscapes approach, which aims to integrate agriculture, natural environments, livelihoods, and social interactions for sustainable development. It discusses why a landscapes approach is important, noting that 3 billion rural people depend on agriculture and forestry for livelihoods and agriculture contributes to 75% of deforestation. The CGIAR conducts research programs like Forests, Trees and Agroforestry and Water, Land and Ecosystems to better understand landscape dynamics and transitions, engage communities, develop ecosystem services approaches, and promote climate-smart agriculture practices across landscapes. The goal is to develop a common language for landscapes to measure sustainability at multiple scales.
Sustainable Oil Palm Investments: Benefits of a Landscape Management Approach...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by CPI, IDH & Unilever was given at a session titled "Sustainable Oil Palm Investments: Benefits of a Landscape Management Approach" at the Global Landscapes Forum: The Investment Case on June 10, 2015. For more, please visit http://www.landscapes.org/london/
Rapid assessment planning for on farm sustainability toolkit 12-2008Sharon Lezberg
The Rapid Assessment Planning for on farm Sustainability Toolkit was developed for a conference presentation with women and minority farmers. The toolkit provides a rapid method for farmers to develop Environmental Management Plans to improve sustainability on farm. This is a draft toolkit, but contains exercises that farmers can use with family and staff to improve farm sustainability.
This document provides an introduction to sustainability. It defines sustainability as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." The document discusses how sustainability relates to being socially, environmentally and profit oriented. It also examines key drivers for sustainability including globalization, communication, customization and demographics. Sustainability is framed as requiring systems thinking. The document provides examples of sustainability plans and frameworks to guide strategic actions and measure outcomes.
The document discusses a proposed project called PRESA (Propoor Rewards for Environmental Services in Africa) that would build upon an existing project called RUPES (Rewarding the Upland Poor for Environmental Services) in Asia. PRESA would establish sites in Africa to test reward mechanisms for environmental services provided by smallholder farmers and communities. The objectives are to engage sites in testing approaches, engage in policy discussions, and build a community of practice around pro-poor rewards for environmental services. Several potential core project sites in countries like Tanzania, Uganda, Guinea, and Kenya are described.
Use of Agrobiodiversity for Pest and Disease Management Carlo Fadda, Bioversi...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
The document summarizes research on using agrobiodiversity to manage pests and diseases. The research involved working with over 1500 smallholder farmers across multiple crops and locations. It found that higher crop diversity on farms reduced vulnerability to pests and diseases by disrupting pest and pathogen transmission. Analyzing over 2000 farmer interviews and field trials, the research also identified traditional crop varieties with different levels of resistance to different pests and diseases, providing options to reduce crop losses. Overall, the research found that agrobiodiversity benefits smallholder farmers by reducing crop failure risks from biotic stresses.
This document summarizes research on using agrobiodiversity to manage pests and diseases. The research involved working with over 1500 smallholder farmers across multiple crops and locations. It found that higher crop diversity on farms reduced vulnerability to pests and diseases by disrupting pest and pathogen transmission. Analyzing over 2000 farmer interviews and field trials, it also showed that traditional crop varieties maintained genetic resistance relevant to local conditions and pests. The research concluded that supporting on-farm agrobiodiversity benefits smallholder food security and livelihoods by reducing crop losses from biotic stresses.
The document summarizes the CGIAR Consortium's landscapes approach, which aims to integrate agriculture, natural environments, livelihoods, and social interactions for sustainable development. It discusses why a landscapes approach is important, noting that 3 billion rural people depend on agriculture and forestry for livelihoods and agriculture contributes to 75% of deforestation. The CGIAR conducts research programs like Forests, Trees and Agroforestry and Water, Land and Ecosystems to better understand landscape dynamics and transitions, engage communities, develop ecosystem services approaches, and promote climate-smart agriculture practices across landscapes. The goal is to develop a common language for landscapes to measure sustainability at multiple scales.
Sustainable Oil Palm Investments: Benefits of a Landscape Management Approach...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by CPI, IDH & Unilever was given at a session titled "Sustainable Oil Palm Investments: Benefits of a Landscape Management Approach" at the Global Landscapes Forum: The Investment Case on June 10, 2015. For more, please visit http://www.landscapes.org/london/
Rapid assessment planning for on farm sustainability toolkit 12-2008Sharon Lezberg
The Rapid Assessment Planning for on farm Sustainability Toolkit was developed for a conference presentation with women and minority farmers. The toolkit provides a rapid method for farmers to develop Environmental Management Plans to improve sustainability on farm. This is a draft toolkit, but contains exercises that farmers can use with family and staff to improve farm sustainability.
This document provides an introduction to sustainability. It defines sustainability as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." The document discusses how sustainability relates to being socially, environmentally and profit oriented. It also examines key drivers for sustainability including globalization, communication, customization and demographics. Sustainability is framed as requiring systems thinking. The document provides examples of sustainability plans and frameworks to guide strategic actions and measure outcomes.
The document discusses a proposed project called PRESA (Propoor Rewards for Environmental Services in Africa) that would build upon an existing project called RUPES (Rewarding the Upland Poor for Environmental Services) in Asia. PRESA would establish sites in Africa to test reward mechanisms for environmental services provided by smallholder farmers and communities. The objectives are to engage sites in testing approaches, engage in policy discussions, and build a community of practice around pro-poor rewards for environmental services. Several potential core project sites in countries like Tanzania, Uganda, Guinea, and Kenya are described.
Use of Agrobiodiversity for Pest and Disease Management Carlo Fadda, Bioversi...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
The document summarizes research on using agrobiodiversity to manage pests and diseases. The research involved working with over 1500 smallholder farmers across multiple crops and locations. It found that higher crop diversity on farms reduced vulnerability to pests and diseases by disrupting pest and pathogen transmission. Analyzing over 2000 farmer interviews and field trials, the research also identified traditional crop varieties with different levels of resistance to different pests and diseases, providing options to reduce crop losses. Overall, the research found that agrobiodiversity benefits smallholder farmers by reducing crop failure risks from biotic stresses.
This document summarizes research on using agrobiodiversity to manage pests and diseases. The research involved working with over 1500 smallholder farmers across multiple crops and locations. It found that higher crop diversity on farms reduced vulnerability to pests and diseases by disrupting pest and pathogen transmission. Analyzing over 2000 farmer interviews and field trials, it also showed that traditional crop varieties maintained genetic resistance relevant to local conditions and pests. The research concluded that supporting on-farm agrobiodiversity benefits smallholder food security and livelihoods by reducing crop losses from biotic stresses.
Presentation at the 95th Governing Board meeting (Program Committee) By Resea...ICRISAT
In support of SDG #2 and others, Research Program -Innovation Systems for the Drylands provide the knowledge, tools and capacity for enabling people in the drylands to transition towards sustainable and resilient farm and food systems. Some of the Priority research issues are listed in this presentation.
Delivered at Cornell University by Dr. Louise Buck, on April 25th, 2018 as part of the International Programs-CALS Seminar Series: Perspectives in International Agriculture, Nutrition and Development.
The document provides guidelines for sustainable paper products developed by GreenBlue and members of the Forest Products Working Group. It outlines eight guidelines for sustainability across the paper product lifecycle, including designing for the lifecycle, sourcing responsibly from certified forests and recycled fiber, ensuring material health, optimizing renewable energy, embracing transparency, using clean production technologies, effectively recovering and utilizing paper products, and creating social and economic value. The guidelines are intended to be a living document that provides a framework for companies to evaluate and improve the sustainability of their paper product operations and supply chains.
Many companies see the need and are now seeing the business case and profit results for environmental and social sustainability programs and initiatives. A typical progression is for organizations to look at internal initiatives (i.e., energy efficiency), followed by downstream usage of products or services and reuse, recycling and disposal of products. For maximum beneficial impact, organizations need to leverage the supply base. However, not everyone has the power of Wal-mart, GE or IBM to require suppliers to engage. This presentation is an overview of a practical roadmap for extension of sustainability programs upstream to suppliers that companies of various size and status can follow to make progress and move up the curve toward supply chain sustainability.
This document discusses defining and measuring agricultural sustainability. It begins by asking questions about what sustainability means and who should ensure it. Sustainability is then defined as meeting present needs without compromising the future according to the Bruntland Commission. Metrics and indicators are discussed as ways to measure sustainability across economic, environmental and social dimensions. The document suggests using quantitative scoring systems and impact assessments to evaluate performance in these different domains over time. The goal is to develop standards that are science-based, transparent and instructive for producers and consumers.
This document outlines the proposed framework for sentinel landscapes - long term socio-ecological research sites that will be used to study topics related to forests, trees and agroforestry. It describes 5 components that will be studied: smallholder systems, forest/tree resources, environmental services, climate change impacts, and trade/investment impacts. For each component, key research themes are identified. It also discusses establishing 8 geographically bounded sentinel landscapes and using a network of sites to study specific thematic questions. Methodologies are proposed for ecosystem and household monitoring. The goal is to provide long term data on social and ecological indicators across sites to better understand impacts of changes and policies.
The Minnesota Landscape Arboretum at the University of Minnesota is hosting a series of Eco-Networking events to host experiential networking to uncover practical solutions to everyday sustainability problems.
Join us at any or all of our events.
Beverly Anglum | anglu001@umn.edu | www.arboretum.umn.edu
This document discusses sustainable supply chain management. It begins by defining sustainability and outlining some basic concepts. It then discusses implications of sustainability for business strategies and its potential to drive innovation. Impacts on supply chain management are explored, including how sustainability can be implemented in phases within a supply chain. Key enablers, drivers and barriers to sustainable supply chain management are identified. Finally, a sustainability scorecard for measuring performance across economic, environmental, social and other dimensions is proposed.
This document discusses the challenges facing agricultural systems due to climate change, shifting consumption patterns, increasing population and resource pressures. It notes the transition from cereals to meat and high-value crops requiring more resources. New patterns of global demand and increasing energy consumption and prices are also discussed. The core challenges include diverse land-use systems under high pressure, and increased competition over land and environmental resources. This has led to consequences like land grabs, social impacts, and increased economic disparities. The document calls for a new research agenda focusing on smallholder farmers and sustainability, as well as approaches that consider interactions and strengths within complex agricultural systems. It emphasizes the need for innovation competencies around integration, co-learning, and balanced development across different
This document discusses the challenges facing agricultural systems due to climate change, shifting consumption patterns, increasing food and energy prices, and land degradation. It notes the transition from cereals to meat and high-value crops requiring more resources. Smallholder farmers play a central role in driving development but face increasing pressures. There is a need to redefine research agendas to address issues like competition over land and environmental services, economic disparities, and poverty. Approaches should focus on smallholders' innovations, systems thinking, collective action, and multi-level economic and social organizations. Capacity building for innovation is needed at the individual, organizational, partnership, and institutional levels.
Development and piloting a comprehensive framework for assessment of sustaina...ICRISAT
Sustainable intensification is at the forefront of food security discussions as a means to meet the growing demand for agricultural production while conserving land and other resources. Next steps require identification of indicators and associated metrics for farming systems sustainability assessment, to track progress, assess trade-offs and identify synergies.
This document summarizes a presentation on how foresight can be useful for researchers working on complex agricultural systems. It provides examples of foresight processes and their outcomes. Foresight involves anticipating possible futures through scenarios in order to facilitate desirable changes. Examples discussed include foresight exercises on cocoa and rubber production that identified new research priorities. Climate change scenarios developed by CCAFS guided policymaker decisions. Agrimonde scenarios showed pathways to more sustainable agriculture. An ongoing foresight looks at cropping and livestock systems. Foresight helps anticipate challenges, empower stakeholders, and build consensus on shared visions to guide agricultural research and policy.
Centre for International Forestry Research: Landscapes and food systems CIFOR-ICRAF
The document summarizes a presentation by Terry Sunderland from the Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) about CIFOR's work on landscapes and food systems. CIFOR conducts research on how forests, trees, and agriculture interact at the landscape scale. Key points include: CIFOR uses a landscape approach to understand complex land use systems; it has projects analyzing the link between tree cover and nutrition using national health survey data; and it aims to better integrate agriculture, forestry, and natural resource management through approaches like agroforestry and landscape management.
Farming Connect provided services to help farmers in Wales run their businesses more efficiently and protect the environment from 2011-2013. Their activities included knowledge transfer through clinics, demonstrations, discussions and events on topics like renewable energy and soil management. They also offered subsidized whole farm planning and advisory services to help farmers address issues like clean water separation and develop nutrient management plans. Skills training courses further helped farmers address environmental issues.
Sustainable intensification indicator framework for Africa RISINGafrica-rising
Presented by Philip Grabowski (Michigan State University), Mark Musumba (Columbia University), Cheryl Palm (University of Florida) and Sieg Snapp (Michigan State University) at the Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Phase II Planning Meeting, Lilongwe, Malawi, 5-8 October 2016
This document summarizes the development of methods and tools for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration from agricultural lands and forests. It describes the creation of a report outlining standardized science-based methods for estimating entity-scale greenhouse gas fluxes. It also describes the development of a user-friendly tool, called COMET-Farm, that applies these methods to provide land managers with reliable estimates. The goal was to balance accuracy, completeness, usability and comparability across different production systems and management practices.
The Minnesota Landscape Arboretum at the University of Minnesota is a place to Network with professionals across industries, with an interest in Sustainability, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Health & Wellness.
Grow Your Business with the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum | Become a Partner of our EcoNetworking Series today | www.arboretum.umn.edu
This document discusses uncertainty in forest management planning due to climate change, changing societal expectations, and globalization. It outlines three scales of forest management and sources of uncertainty at each scale. Specifically, it notes that climate change is a major cause of current and future uncertainty since tree growth and disturbances will change in unprecedented ways over decades or centuries. The document advocates for approaches like using multiple scenarios and projections, adaptive management through continuous learning and adjustment, and mainstreaming changes to regulations to help forest managers adapt to increasing uncertainty.
1. Tree-soil-crop interactions in rubber agroforestry systems can be managed at the plot, farm, and landscape levels. At the plot level, a mixed-age stand can be maintained for cash flow while diversifying. At the farm level, credit can cover replanting costs until cash flow is positive. At the landscape level, policy harmonization across forest and agriculture is important.
2. Agroforestry is understood as applying at the plot, landscape, and governance levels, reflecting the interface of agriculture and forestry. It involves tree-soil-crop-livestock interactions as well as interactions between tree cover, livelihoods, and ecosystem services across landscapes.
3. Rubber
The DryDev programme aimed to transform lives and landscapes in dryland areas through sustainable rural development. Over six years, it worked with over 164,000 smallholder farmers across five countries in Africa. Key achievements included rehabilitating over 163,000 hectares of land through watershed management and planting over 4.6 million trees. It also increased food security and incomes by expanding irrigation to over 16,000 hectares, utilizing over 950 water harvesting structures, and promoting climate-smart agricultural practices on over 60,000 hectares.
More Related Content
Similar to Are we working towards the world we want agroforestry - ravi prabhu - icraf
Presentation at the 95th Governing Board meeting (Program Committee) By Resea...ICRISAT
In support of SDG #2 and others, Research Program -Innovation Systems for the Drylands provide the knowledge, tools and capacity for enabling people in the drylands to transition towards sustainable and resilient farm and food systems. Some of the Priority research issues are listed in this presentation.
Delivered at Cornell University by Dr. Louise Buck, on April 25th, 2018 as part of the International Programs-CALS Seminar Series: Perspectives in International Agriculture, Nutrition and Development.
The document provides guidelines for sustainable paper products developed by GreenBlue and members of the Forest Products Working Group. It outlines eight guidelines for sustainability across the paper product lifecycle, including designing for the lifecycle, sourcing responsibly from certified forests and recycled fiber, ensuring material health, optimizing renewable energy, embracing transparency, using clean production technologies, effectively recovering and utilizing paper products, and creating social and economic value. The guidelines are intended to be a living document that provides a framework for companies to evaluate and improve the sustainability of their paper product operations and supply chains.
Many companies see the need and are now seeing the business case and profit results for environmental and social sustainability programs and initiatives. A typical progression is for organizations to look at internal initiatives (i.e., energy efficiency), followed by downstream usage of products or services and reuse, recycling and disposal of products. For maximum beneficial impact, organizations need to leverage the supply base. However, not everyone has the power of Wal-mart, GE or IBM to require suppliers to engage. This presentation is an overview of a practical roadmap for extension of sustainability programs upstream to suppliers that companies of various size and status can follow to make progress and move up the curve toward supply chain sustainability.
This document discusses defining and measuring agricultural sustainability. It begins by asking questions about what sustainability means and who should ensure it. Sustainability is then defined as meeting present needs without compromising the future according to the Bruntland Commission. Metrics and indicators are discussed as ways to measure sustainability across economic, environmental and social dimensions. The document suggests using quantitative scoring systems and impact assessments to evaluate performance in these different domains over time. The goal is to develop standards that are science-based, transparent and instructive for producers and consumers.
This document outlines the proposed framework for sentinel landscapes - long term socio-ecological research sites that will be used to study topics related to forests, trees and agroforestry. It describes 5 components that will be studied: smallholder systems, forest/tree resources, environmental services, climate change impacts, and trade/investment impacts. For each component, key research themes are identified. It also discusses establishing 8 geographically bounded sentinel landscapes and using a network of sites to study specific thematic questions. Methodologies are proposed for ecosystem and household monitoring. The goal is to provide long term data on social and ecological indicators across sites to better understand impacts of changes and policies.
The Minnesota Landscape Arboretum at the University of Minnesota is hosting a series of Eco-Networking events to host experiential networking to uncover practical solutions to everyday sustainability problems.
Join us at any or all of our events.
Beverly Anglum | anglu001@umn.edu | www.arboretum.umn.edu
This document discusses sustainable supply chain management. It begins by defining sustainability and outlining some basic concepts. It then discusses implications of sustainability for business strategies and its potential to drive innovation. Impacts on supply chain management are explored, including how sustainability can be implemented in phases within a supply chain. Key enablers, drivers and barriers to sustainable supply chain management are identified. Finally, a sustainability scorecard for measuring performance across economic, environmental, social and other dimensions is proposed.
This document discusses the challenges facing agricultural systems due to climate change, shifting consumption patterns, increasing population and resource pressures. It notes the transition from cereals to meat and high-value crops requiring more resources. New patterns of global demand and increasing energy consumption and prices are also discussed. The core challenges include diverse land-use systems under high pressure, and increased competition over land and environmental resources. This has led to consequences like land grabs, social impacts, and increased economic disparities. The document calls for a new research agenda focusing on smallholder farmers and sustainability, as well as approaches that consider interactions and strengths within complex agricultural systems. It emphasizes the need for innovation competencies around integration, co-learning, and balanced development across different
This document discusses the challenges facing agricultural systems due to climate change, shifting consumption patterns, increasing food and energy prices, and land degradation. It notes the transition from cereals to meat and high-value crops requiring more resources. Smallholder farmers play a central role in driving development but face increasing pressures. There is a need to redefine research agendas to address issues like competition over land and environmental services, economic disparities, and poverty. Approaches should focus on smallholders' innovations, systems thinking, collective action, and multi-level economic and social organizations. Capacity building for innovation is needed at the individual, organizational, partnership, and institutional levels.
Development and piloting a comprehensive framework for assessment of sustaina...ICRISAT
Sustainable intensification is at the forefront of food security discussions as a means to meet the growing demand for agricultural production while conserving land and other resources. Next steps require identification of indicators and associated metrics for farming systems sustainability assessment, to track progress, assess trade-offs and identify synergies.
This document summarizes a presentation on how foresight can be useful for researchers working on complex agricultural systems. It provides examples of foresight processes and their outcomes. Foresight involves anticipating possible futures through scenarios in order to facilitate desirable changes. Examples discussed include foresight exercises on cocoa and rubber production that identified new research priorities. Climate change scenarios developed by CCAFS guided policymaker decisions. Agrimonde scenarios showed pathways to more sustainable agriculture. An ongoing foresight looks at cropping and livestock systems. Foresight helps anticipate challenges, empower stakeholders, and build consensus on shared visions to guide agricultural research and policy.
Centre for International Forestry Research: Landscapes and food systems CIFOR-ICRAF
The document summarizes a presentation by Terry Sunderland from the Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) about CIFOR's work on landscapes and food systems. CIFOR conducts research on how forests, trees, and agriculture interact at the landscape scale. Key points include: CIFOR uses a landscape approach to understand complex land use systems; it has projects analyzing the link between tree cover and nutrition using national health survey data; and it aims to better integrate agriculture, forestry, and natural resource management through approaches like agroforestry and landscape management.
Farming Connect provided services to help farmers in Wales run their businesses more efficiently and protect the environment from 2011-2013. Their activities included knowledge transfer through clinics, demonstrations, discussions and events on topics like renewable energy and soil management. They also offered subsidized whole farm planning and advisory services to help farmers address issues like clean water separation and develop nutrient management plans. Skills training courses further helped farmers address environmental issues.
Sustainable intensification indicator framework for Africa RISINGafrica-rising
Presented by Philip Grabowski (Michigan State University), Mark Musumba (Columbia University), Cheryl Palm (University of Florida) and Sieg Snapp (Michigan State University) at the Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Phase II Planning Meeting, Lilongwe, Malawi, 5-8 October 2016
This document summarizes the development of methods and tools for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration from agricultural lands and forests. It describes the creation of a report outlining standardized science-based methods for estimating entity-scale greenhouse gas fluxes. It also describes the development of a user-friendly tool, called COMET-Farm, that applies these methods to provide land managers with reliable estimates. The goal was to balance accuracy, completeness, usability and comparability across different production systems and management practices.
The Minnesota Landscape Arboretum at the University of Minnesota is a place to Network with professionals across industries, with an interest in Sustainability, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Health & Wellness.
Grow Your Business with the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum | Become a Partner of our EcoNetworking Series today | www.arboretum.umn.edu
This document discusses uncertainty in forest management planning due to climate change, changing societal expectations, and globalization. It outlines three scales of forest management and sources of uncertainty at each scale. Specifically, it notes that climate change is a major cause of current and future uncertainty since tree growth and disturbances will change in unprecedented ways over decades or centuries. The document advocates for approaches like using multiple scenarios and projections, adaptive management through continuous learning and adjustment, and mainstreaming changes to regulations to help forest managers adapt to increasing uncertainty.
1. Tree-soil-crop interactions in rubber agroforestry systems can be managed at the plot, farm, and landscape levels. At the plot level, a mixed-age stand can be maintained for cash flow while diversifying. At the farm level, credit can cover replanting costs until cash flow is positive. At the landscape level, policy harmonization across forest and agriculture is important.
2. Agroforestry is understood as applying at the plot, landscape, and governance levels, reflecting the interface of agriculture and forestry. It involves tree-soil-crop-livestock interactions as well as interactions between tree cover, livelihoods, and ecosystem services across landscapes.
3. Rubber
The DryDev programme aimed to transform lives and landscapes in dryland areas through sustainable rural development. Over six years, it worked with over 164,000 smallholder farmers across five countries in Africa. Key achievements included rehabilitating over 163,000 hectares of land through watershed management and planting over 4.6 million trees. It also increased food security and incomes by expanding irrigation to over 16,000 hectares, utilizing over 950 water harvesting structures, and promoting climate-smart agricultural practices on over 60,000 hectares.
This document discusses measuring biodiversity on farmland. It notes that 60% of ecosystem services have been impaired and over 20% of global agricultural land is degraded. Assessing farmland biodiversity is challenging due to high spatial variability. Protocols for landscape-scale assessment include measuring land cover, trees, birds, and modeling remote sensing data with ground calibration. Optional protocols examine linear tree features, pollinators, natural enemies, and soil organisms. A farmland biodiversity score is proposed that weighs biomass, spectral diversity, neighborhood effects, and slope/proximity to water.
How can we overcome obstacles and mobilize investments for successful, sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document discusses funding gaps and principles for successful financing of nature-based solutions (NBS) such as land restoration projects in Africa. It notes that while the Bonn Challenge and New York declaration on Forests call for $350 billion and $830 billion respectively for restoration, actual funding leaves large gaps. It advocates for bridging these gaps through public-private partnerships and prioritizing long-term sustainability over short-term profits. Six principles are outlined for financing NBS, including ensuring social and environmental safeguards, monitoring impacts, and directing funds toward low-carbon development in developing countries. The Regreening Africa program addresses livelihoods, biodiversity and climate change through land restoration projects across eight African nations.
Forest and agroforesty options for building resilience in refugee situations:...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Week (HNPW) 2020
Climate Crisis Inter-Network
"Fit for Purpose? Current Tools and Approaches to Mitigate Climate Risks in Humanitarian Settings"
HLPE 2019. Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome
Agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil: reconciling social and ecolo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document discusses agroforestry systems for environmental restoration in Brazil that balance social and ecological functions. It outlines that agroforestry can: (1) maintain ecosystem structure/functions like biodiversity and soil quality while providing social/economic functions for family farms; (2) perform restoration in an economically feasible way by including people and accelerating natural succession; and (3) improve livelihoods through appropriate management. However, balancing trade-offs between social/environmental benefits and costs is challenging. The document then provides examples of agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil and their costs, benefits for climate change adaptation/mitigation, food security, and carbon storage potential.
This document discusses the vulnerability of forest-dependent people and forests to climate change. It notes that over 1 billion people depend on forests for their livelihoods, while 1 billion hectares of land are under agroforestry worldwide. Climate change poses direct risks like increased temperatures and wildfires, and indirect risks through impacts on species and ecosystems. Potential transition issues from policies like REDD+ could negatively impact land and tree rights of indigenous groups. The document argues that comprehensive vulnerability assessments are needed using qualitative and quantitative methods to understand all vulnerabilities, include stakeholders, and identify good practices to address risks to forests and forest-dependent communities from climate change.
An increasing multitude of insect pests and pathogens is targeting indigenous trees of natural forests, agroforestry systems, and exotic trees in planted forests in Africa. This is raising major concerns for a continent already challenged by adaptations to climate change, as it threatens a vital resource for food security of rural communities, economic growth, and ecosystem conservation. The accidental introduction through trade of non‐native species in particular is accelerating, and it adds to the damage to tree‐based landscapes by native pests and diseases. Old‐time and new invaders heavily impact planted forests of exotic eucalypts, pines, and acacias, and are spreading quickly across African regions. But many non‐native pathogens are recently found affecting important indigenous trees.
Species distribution modelling is being used to map the habitats of over 150 priority African plant species. More advanced modelling methods are being used to reduce bias, including spatial folding and thinning. Presence observations from across Africa are being used to calibrate provisional distribution models for individual species in countries like Ethiopia. The results will then be verified by botanists and combined with vegetation mapping data.
Not all roads lead to Rome: Inclusive business models and responsible finance...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
The document discusses approaches to achieving sustainable cocoa production in Ghana by 2020. It identifies several challenges in the cocoa sector including low productivity, rural poverty, and deforestation. It analyzes different stakeholder approaches and finds they mainly focus on increased productivity, while social and environmental issues are addressed less. Inclusive business models include many smallholder farmers but benefits are not always equitable. Responsible finance from impact investors and social lenders has potential to leverage more equitable models and landscape restoration, but investments have not been well adapted for cocoa sectors. A "multi-chain approach" is proposed to better leverage finance through a portfolio of value chains at the landscape level.
Decent work and economic growth: Potential impacts of SDG 8 on forests and fo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This paper assesses the potential impact of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 on forests and forest-dependent people. The concepts of decent work and economic growth are put in the context of predominant development theories and paradigms (modernization, economic growth, basic needs, sustainable development) which shape the agendas of governments, private sector, civil society, and investors. These stakeholders pursue different goals and interests, with uneven prioritization of SDG 8 targets and mixed impacts on forests and livelihoods.
Forest conservation and socio-economic benefits through community forest conc...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
With an extension of 2.1 million ha, the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) in Petén, Guatemala is the largest protected area in Central America. To reconcile forest conservation and socio-economic development, community forest concessions were created in its Multiple Use Zone (MUZ) in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Operated by a community forest enterprise (CFE), and with a cycle of 25 years, the concessions grant usufruct rights to local communities on an area of about 400,000 ha. Currently, nine concessions are active, while the contracts of two concessions were cancelled and the management plan of another suspended.
Sustainable land management for improved livelihoods and environmental sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
A healthy viable multifunctional landscape has the capability of supporting sustainable agricultural productivity, providing agroforestry and forest products (timber, fuel wood, fruits, medicine, fertilizer, gum etc.) for the sustenance of mankind while providing other environmental services. However these products are increasingly becoming unavailable due to declining soil fertility, climatic extremes, and high costs of inputs. Identifying low-cost, sustainable ways to attain food security and sustainable environment for millions of smallholder farmers in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) remains a major developmental challenge.
Rangelands are more than just grass but rather complex and biodiverse ecosystems. Covering nearly half the world’s land area, they are in need of restoration and sustainable management.
The document discusses several projects aimed at improving agricultural outcomes through agroforestry. It describes a project in Uganda that introduced fodder shrubs to improve milk yields, which increased yields significantly. It is now scaling this approach in Kenya and Malawi through farmer cooperatives. Another project aims to better understand farmers' livelihood aspirations to customize technologies to their goals. A final project focuses on improving diets and health through diversifying crops and developing new food value chains. The document emphasizes the need for meaningful diagnosis, strong intervention design, credible evidence gathering, and efficient delivery to accelerate research impact on poverty, food insecurity, and environmental issues.
1) The document discusses watershed development projects in India, focusing on the state of Uttar Pradesh. It outlines the history and increasing scale of watershed programs in India over time from the 1960s to present.
2) Key data presented includes groundwater usage increasing dramatically from 25 km3 in 1960 to 250-300 km3 in 2009, and the number of bore wells increasing from 1 million to 20 million over the same period. Watershed programs have led to increased benefit-cost ratios, rates of return, and agricultural incomes.
3) The document then focuses on the Doubling Farmers' Income project targeting watershed interventions across several districts in Bundelkhand region of UP. It outlines strategies
NRM Innovations for Risk Management and Agricultural Transformation in Semiar...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document summarizes natural resource management innovations in semi-arid East African highlands. It discusses (1) managing extreme events like drought and flood to ensure sustainable ecosystem services and support livelihoods, (2) increasing and sustaining agricultural productivity through investments in NRM, and (3) two examples of NRM innovations - community-based watershed management in Ethiopia and using water spreading weirs to build resilience to climate risks in Ethiopia through a partnership between GIZ, ICRISAT, and local universities. The document also discusses the impacts of these innovations, including increased food security, higher crop yields, and institutional impacts like the site becoming a learning center that influenced regional soil and water conservation policies.
This document discusses land restoration efforts in Niger. It describes the land degradation issues facing the West Africa Sahel region due to fragile ecosystems and unsustainable agricultural practices. Various integrated land management techniques are being implemented and tested, including Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR), cereal/legume intercropping, microdosing of fertilizers, and restoring degraded lands. These techniques are improving soil fertility and crop yields when combined. The document outlines several partnerships working to scale these efforts across Niger, including restoring over 175 hectares of degraded land managed by 11,970 women generating more income. There is growing demand from farmers and partners to expand training and testing of integrated packages to improve livelihoods and food security.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationDavid Brossard
During Identiverse 2024 and EIC 2024, members of the OpenID AuthZEN WG got together and demoed their authorization endpoints conforming to the AuthZEN API
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
Are we working towards the world we want agroforestry - ravi prabhu - icraf
1. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Are we working towards the
world we want?
Overview statement on IDOs, SDs
and CRPs
2. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Overview: unfinished business!
We have fairly clear guidance from CO & ISPC
on the framework
The system level IDOs are still a work in
progress (especially recent ISPC paper)
The CRP IDOs are also a work in progress
CRP 6 forest/tree transition curve is not a
theory of change – we need more thought
ICRAF is heading in the right direction to
respond, but we aren’t there yet
Skip the middle
10. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Obersteiner, CSA Conference Davis
11. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Obersteiner, CSA Conference Davis
12. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Production driven
perspectives
Rijsberman 2012, modified
13. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
??
High input agriculture
High outputs.
What costs?
Achim
Dobermann, modified
14. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
A simple input-output lens
Input Low High
Output Low Extractive Degrading?
High Utopic? Industrial
15. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
HIGH-LEVEL CONSULTATION ON HUNGER, FOOD SECURITY AND
NUTRITION IN THE POST- 2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
“…reducing global waste by
half would mean radical
progress on hunger and
malnutrition in the most
vulnerable populations.”
“…support the use of a
wider variety of crops to
help feed the world,
… of the thousands of
cultivatable crops that
exist, only seven provide
90% of the world’s food
production.”
16. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Finding the diversity dividend
Jackson et al. 2013
17. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Cheap and
abundant energy
presently drives
everything, when
that goes we will
face a decline
Energy
18. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Expanding our input-output lens
Input Soil Land Energy Water Ecosystem Species
Processing / Knowledge, attitude, skills, behaviour, organizations, governance
Conversion Efficiency, trade-offs, resilience, markets, value chains, etc.
Output Food & Nutrition Wealth, equity O.Ecosystem Services Waste
Hypothesis: without a systems frame, even a simple one like the
one here, it is not possible to orient our research towards the
world we want.
The SLIDOs, CRP IDOs, Research Outcomes and Centre
Strategies must embrace this
Climate, Population
19. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Good governance
Carlos Manuel Rodríguez Nagoya COP 10
REDD+ Hour
20. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Perceptions matter
In California’s Central Valley:
“…mitigation is largely motivated by psychologically distant
concerns and beliefs about climate change, while
adaptation is driven by psychologically proximate concerns
for local impacts.
This match between attitudes and behaviors according to
the psychological distance at which they are cognitively
construed indicates that policy and outreach initiatives may
benefit by framing climate impacts and behavioral goals
concordantly;
either in a global context for mitigation or a local context
for adaptation.”
Haden et al
21. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
… and so does Power
22. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Big Six
58% of proprietary seed market
$50 billion sales annually, $4.7b R&D
Shand 2012
23. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Top Ten
28% of global food market
Mulle & Rupanne 2010
24. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Discourses, partnerships
??
25. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Simplicity and complexity
Human progress has been predicated on
reductionism – making things as simple as
possible and then improving them. Agriculture
exemplifies this
Complexity, especially dynamic adaptive
complexity must be harnessed if we are to
deal with wicked problems
26. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
What research investments will
have most development impact?
• Which interventions will reduce
risk, increase security, and improve lives
the most?
• How to measure and monitor
development outcomes?
• What are the trade-offs between
agricultural productivity and the
environment?
• What are the risks of intervention failure?
• What is high value information? for
improving intervention decisions?
Keith Shepherd – value of information
27. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
ICRAF’s Science Domains
Input Soil Land Energy Water Ecosystem Species
Processing / Knowledge, attitude, skills, behaviour, organizations, governance
Conversion Efficiency, trade-offs, resilience, markets, value chains, etc.
Output Food & Nutrition Wealth, equity O.Ecosystem Services Waste
“Waste” incl. externalities
with regard to natural capital
28. Forests, Trees & Agroforestry IDOs
Resilience to environmental and economic variability, shocks and longer term changes of rural
communities enhancedthrough greater adaptive capacity to manage forests, trees and agroforestry
Income from products and environmental services derived forests, trees and agroforestry
systems enhanced
Local institutions strengthened and collective action enhanced for improved agricultural
and natural resources management
Productivity, production and availability of foods and fuel from forests and agroforestry
systems increased for poor rural people
Policies supporting sustainable and equitable management of forests and trees developed
and adopted by conservation and development organizations, national governments and
international bodies.
Forests, land and water resources and biodiversity protected and improved and net carbon
sequestration increased in key target countries
C sequestration increased and greenhouse gas reduced through improved agriculture and
natural resources management
Greater gender equity in decision making and control over forest and tree use,
management and benefits are improved through women’s empowerment
i
o
o
o
i
i
o i
o
I don’t
I don’t
29. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Logic models
Consist of a listing of
Outputs: the product from activity delivered, e.g. how
many people received training
Outcomes: the change that occurs as a result of the
activity within the lifetime of the programme, until
recently also called variously objective or purpose, e.g.
farmers are able to use new technology to grow crops
Impacts: what will the end result be in the wider
context, e.g. farmers use new technology to increasing
productivity in crop growing, also called goal
In its classic form the logical model does not provide insight into causality, that
is, why a given output would lead to a given outcome and, in turn, a given impact
ISPC ToC paper
30. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
CRP6 IDO’s
.
1. Reducing
rural poverty
2. Improving
food security
3. Improving
nutrition & health
4. Sustainably managing
natural resources
System-level development outcomes .
Decrease in and
recovery from
resource
degradation
Co-investments in
maintaining/enhancing ES
Increased efficiency in the use &
conservationof natural resources
System level impact targets (“SLO’s”)
Functional tradeoff
management and
governance systems
Resilient and adaptive
rural – urban livelihood
systems
Human
well-
being
linked to
T forests,
trees &
agroforestry
.
Functional
tree co-
ver tran-
sitions
.
Tradeoff
management
capacity
.
Increased
socio-
economic
benefits
Reduced
livelihood
vulnerability
& risk
Enhanced
benefits for
women ++*
Reduced
deforestation
& ES degra-
dation
Increased net
carbon
storage
Increased
sustainable
use & con-
servation
Text to be updated…
1. Enhance contribution of forests, trees and agroforestry to income, food security and nutrition
2. Forest and tree resources are conserved and used more sustainably, to enhance current and future options
3. Maintain or enhance ecosystem services from landscapes with forests, trees and agroforestry
4. Increase socio-ecological resilience and adaptive capacity of local livelihoods
5. Reduce emissions of GHG and increase C stocks
6. Policies and markets favor investments that support sustainable natural resource management
7. Women are better empowered and gender equality in decision making and control over resource use, management and benefits is improved
1 2
34 5
6
7
CRP6 metrics CRP6 metrics
Meine vN 2012
31. Beyond the tree transition curve
Urbantrough
Embrace complexity through a systems perspective
Take multiple scales, diversity and fine scale variation into account
Research outcomes: Knowledge, understanding, evidence, skills and capabilities
about how to manipulate the nature of tree cover, species and products for multiple
benefits in agricultural landscapes
IDOs: Attitudinal, behaviour, efficiency change among key partners & stakeholders
GDP
32. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Step
2+3
Step 1
Yield
Gap
After Roger Leakey’s work
Diversity
dividend can
be achieved
through
addition of
structure, life
form, spp.
Concept of sustainable
intensification must include all
dimensions of diversity and
respond to fine scale variation at
nested scales
33. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
ICRAF’s Science Domains
Coherent, impact-oriented research agenda to
champion the role of trees in transforming lives
and landscapes
Provide gender and socially differentiated
answers to complex problems across different
agro-ecologies, sectors and political spheres
• Systems approach
• Nested spatial and temporal scales
• Roles and operational goals clearly defined
• Will map to IDOs … once we know which ones
34. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Roles: information, evidence, practice
ICRAF’s six roles help deliver:
Synoptic information
• Complex systems require an integration of information
• Seeing is believing!
Hard evidence
• Rigorous, science to reduce ambiguity and controversy
• Timely evidence to guide decision making
Good practice
• Emergent interactions of good practices at nested scales
is what we are seeking
37. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Conclusions
Many of the elements needed are in place
Our strategy is positioning us to respond well,
(implicitly) embodies theory of change
• Need more attention to water, economic and social
dimensions
• Need more inter-connection among our research
outcomes
• Need to stipulate better their conditions for success
at investment scales
Need better (definitional) clarity from ISPC and
CO
38. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Thank you!
MvN 2013
39. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Bonus slides
40. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Research Outputs to Global Development Goals
MDGs - SDGs
12-18 years CGIAR SLOs CRP goals
Common IDOs
+ Target statements
+ Theory of Change
CRP-specific IDOs
+ Target statements
+ Theory of Change
9-12 years
CRP Impact
Pathway #1
ToC1; Δ behaviour
direct benefit
3-yr milestones
0-12 years
CRP Activities + Outputs
(research, capacity building, engagement)
0-12 years
CRP Impact
Pathway #2
ToC2; Δ behaviour
direct benefit
3-yr milestones
CRP Impact
Pathway
ToC; Enabling
Environment
3-yr milestones
Tom Randolph
25/4/2013
41. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
ISPC on Theories of Change
Incorporating non-linearity to research planning
Embedding learning mechanisms about research
uptake and impact into the research process
Regular review and updating of the TOCs
Assessing counterfactuals on the impact stream
by monitoring
Developing a communication strategy for
discourse and engagement with stakeholders
Directing the research benefits to those
intended, including women.
42. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Where are we with CRPs?
Currently represent to a considerable
extent, on-going research bound by
contractual agreements brought together
under common umbrella
They need to transition towards a more
coherent and focused program building
around the components that most clearly
targeted the System Level Outcomes
43. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
ISPC guidance on IDOs
44. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
ISPC guidance on IDOs
48. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Science Domains in Research Division
with CRP 6 (showing 6.1&6.3 especially)
49. Forests, Trees & Agroforestry themes
Smallholder
production
systems and
markets
Management
and
conservation
of forests and
trees
Landscape
management
Climate
change
adaptation
and
mitigation
Impacts of
trade and
investment
Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs)
System Level Outcomes (SLOs)
Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3 Theme 4 Theme 5
Cross-cutting themes:
Gender
Communications
Sentinel Landscapes
Monitoring, Evaluation and Impact Assessment
51. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Why do we have (SL)IDOs?
To connect between the CGIAR Research
Programs (CRPs) and the high level SLO objectives
• At the System-level there should be agreement on a
prioritized set of IDOs that are logically linked to the
SLOs
• CRP-level IDOs are expected to correspond with the
System-level IDOs and to be supported by carefully
constructed impact pathways
• theory or theories of change describe the
assumptions underlying the impact pathways
52. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
To meet the biofuel demand in 2050, land used for
biofuel production would increase from 30 to around
100 Mha in 2050 (IEA, 2011)
•Global land potentially available for bioenergy crop
production in 2050 is 440 Mha (Doornbosch and
Steenblik, 2007)
•Not included in these figures are 4,200 Mha of saline
areas and other land unsuitable for rainfed cultivation.
•Major potential for expansion: Africa and Latin
America
53. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Getting the hierarchy right
Global goals: SDGs, UNFCCC, CBD (Aichi
Targets), UNCCD, Global Compact
CGIAR SLIDOs = CRP IDOs – common sets?
CRP IDOs
CRP & ICRAF Research Outcomes
56. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
“…building blocks for change are cross-
sectoral, complementary and
synergistic, and that no one-size-fits all
solution exists.”
sustainable and resilient food production
and consumption requiring improved access
to more nutritious diets,
Improved local food availability, efficient
food distribution systems, and reduced
waste and loss;
overcoming challenges of over- and under-
nutrition to provide “good” nutrition for all,
access to safe drinking water, hygiene and
sanitation, and education;
agents for transformation, including small
producers, family farmers, indigenous
peoples and consumers at all levels; and
developing catalytic steps, including gender-
equal investments,
and guarantees for small farmer investment
opportunities and market access.
HIGH-LEVEL CONSULTATION ON HUNGER, FOOD SECURITY AND
NUTRITION IN THE POST- 2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
57. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Agricultural land use: food/non-food
Foley et al.
58. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Enhancing the management and use of forests, agroforestry
and tree genetic resources across the landscape from
forests to farms
CRP 6 FTA
of Global Forest Cover46%
1.3 Billion ha of closed forests
500 Million ha of open and fragmented forests
500 millionpeople living in or close to forests
59. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
The apparent challenge
SD >>
60. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
SD >> e<<d
The real challenge?
65. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
What other guidance are we getting?
UNDG initiated 11 multi-stakeholder thematic consultations on:
hunger, nutrition and food security;
energy;
addressing inequalities;
governance;
health;
population dynamics;
conflict, violence and disasters;
education;
environmental sustainability; and
water, including on water resources management, wastewater
management, and water quality
66. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
Framework to guide actions on FS & N
increasing agricultural resilience to climate
change and economic shocks;
promoting good governance, reducing inequality
and emphasizing rights-based approaches;
accelerating progress in eradicating hunger and
malnutrition,
with an explicit emphasis on gender equality;
and
Integrating food-based responses with public
health interventions at all levels
67. 57th Board of Trustees Meeting
April 29-May 3 2013
“… any goal should deal
with food security and
nutrition not separately
but together, as the
former is about
quantity and the latter
about quality.”
HIGH-LEVEL CONSULTATION ON HUNGER, FOOD SECURITY AND
NUTRITION IN THE POST- 2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
From John Lynam:There is probably just a little too much reaction to and critique of the ISPC paper and not enough of where is CRP6 in defining its TOC and IDO's. It would be useful if every point that is contested in the ISPC paper is answered with "and this is our approach". 2. One possible framing is that the ISPC framing relies purely on sustainable intensification to meet both food security requirements and relieve pressure on deforestation. Yet we know that in the forest margin areas more profitable farming systems, particularly in the Amazon and SEA, leads to further pressure on forests-- probably different in the Congo and W Africa, where the issue is stabilizing shifting agriculture, complemented with increasing return on tree crops. If the CG accepts the importance of maintaining tropical forest cover, then work on managing forests has to complement work on sustainable intensification, that is in the forest margins. The argument has to be brought down to the drivers in the different regions-- generic doesn't work. However, this makes explicit where CRP6 works, ie the forest margins, where no other CRP's work except HumidTropics. This risks reducing the scope of ICRAF's work, unless it is taken up in HumidTropics and Drylands; namely, a closer look at how ICRAF will deploy its work across the CRP's. 3. The forest transition model assumes an inevitable conversion of forest to cropland, when the argument is exactly the opposite, intensify in the intensive agr margin and maintain and conserve in the extensive margin. CRP6 can fudge by saying work is distributed spatially to capture the variation represented by the curve, but I think that confuses the conceptual framework.As ICRAF moves to integrating landscapes in all of this, there will be pressure to move to some type of classification or categorization system-- as at least a prioritization framework--, such as with agroecology (eg humid tropics, drylands, etc). This will require some linkage between land use, say at a macro level, and landscape at at micro level, ie with a focus on functionality within a mosaic. From me to John- The current ISPC document takes us backwards, especially from the rather good theories of change paper- It confuses and confounds outcomes of various kinds even as it establishes a hierarchy from research outcomes through IDOS and SLIDOs (I will use national policies to illustrate this – an example of a research outcome, a CRP 6 IDO and a System Level IDO)- We have lost sight of the discussions at global level, and we are losing sight of the broader landscape and all the insights from the MEA and other system level assessments in the latest guidance- I will (using Tom Randolph’s slide, which he presented to the Fund Council meeting inDelhi yesterday) illustrate that there are other, more promising, bottom up approaches. However- They will also not deliver what we are looking for if the focus remains too narrowly on cropped landscapes (as it implicitly is in the ISPC document, but not elsewhere). We need an overarching theory of change and I am having difficulties finding it!- I am not sure that CRP 6’s tree/forest transition curve is sufficiently robust or useful to provide a basis for developing IDOs or a theory of change. (In the version we use it is simply an artists stylized view of a landscape – it is not even an environmental Kuznets curve as the X-axis has nothing to do with GDP/income!) Anyway, it misses what I’ve called the urban trough as one of the main drivers of change today (a proxy for population)- Meine’sMeinegram is interesting, but also confounding. It is better than the thinking from the ISPC though (that linear arrow!!)- I will assert that our strategy puts us in a really good place to respond to anything that finally comes from the IDO shop, but I am also going to suggest that we need to continue our own thinking on this, because in some ways our insights are deeper than that of many others.
Fig. 4. Hypothetical distribution of sites with respect to their production of agricultural goods vs. biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. The sites were plotted relative to a theoretical maximum local potential (green and purple boxes) for agricultural production of goods (x-axis) and for biodiversity in all ecosystems in the landscape mosaic (y-axis). Very high biodiversity is not consistent with very high production (orange) and no agriculture would exist at the origin of the bi-plot (yellow). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of the article.) See van Noordwijk et al. (2006).
Peak everything – cheap and abundant energy drives everything, when that goes much will collapse
Carlos Manuel Rodríguez Nagoya COP 10 REDD+ Hour
LennartOleson:
ToC document
Norton-Griffith, in preparation
Raswant & Ciannella presentation
Today, agriculture is mainly expanding in the tropics, where it is estimated that about 80% of new croplands are replacing forests26. This expansion is worrisome, given that tropical forests are rich reservoirs of biodiversity and key ecosystem services27. Clearing tropical forests is also a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and is estimated to release around 1.131015 grams of carbon per year, or about 12%of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions28. Slowing or halting expansion of agriculture in the tropics—which accounts for 98% of total CO2 emissions from land clearing29—will reduce carbon emissions as well as losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services27. Agricultural intensification has dramatically increased in recent decades, outstripping rates of agricultural expansion, and has been responsible for most of the yield increases of the past few decades. In the past 50 years, the world’s irrigated cropland area roughly doubled18,30,31,while global fertilizer use increased by 500%(over 800% for nitrogen alone)18,32,33. Intensification has also caused water degradation, increased energy use, and widespread pollution32,34,35.Of particular concern is that some 70% of global freshwater withdrawals (80–90% of consumptive uses) are devoted to irrigation36,37. Furthermore, rain-fed agriculture is the world’s largest user of water13,38. In addition, fertilizer use, manure application, and leguminous crops (which fix nitrogen in the soil) have dramatically disrupted global nitrogen and phosphorus cycles39–41, with associated impacts on water quality, aquatic ecosystems and marine fisheries35,42.Both agricultural expansion and intensification are also major contributors to climate change. Agriculture is responsible for 30–35% of global greenhouse gas emissions, largely from tropical deforestation, methane emissions from livestock and rice cultivation, and nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized soils29,43–46.We can draw important conclusions from these trends. First, the expansion of agriculture in the tropics is reducing biodiversity, increasing greenhouse gas emissions, and depleting critical ecosystem services. Yet this expansion has done relatively little to add to global food supplies; most production gains have been achieved through intensification. Second, the costs and benefits of agricultural intensification vary greatly, often depending on geographic conditions and agronomic practices. This suggests that some forms (and locations) of intensification are better than others at balancing food production and environmental protection11,47. From Foley et al. 2011