Arch of aorta
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The aortic arch is the curved portion of the aorta that begins at the level of the second sternocostal joint and ends at the fourth thoracic vertebra. It has three branches: the brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. The brachiocephalic artery divides further into the right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery, supplying blood to the arms and head. The subclavian arteries pass under the clavicles and become the axillary arteries. The origins and branches of the aortic arch develop from the embryonic aortic arches between the carotid and subclavian arteries.
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Arch of aorta
The arch of the aorta begins behind the upper border of the second right sternochondral joint and arches over the root of the left lung before ending at the lower border of the fourth thoracic vertebra. It has anterior relations including nerves and veins and posterior relations such as the trachea and esophagus. Its main branches are the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. Developmental anomalies of the arch of the aorta include right sided aortic arch, double aortic arch, abnormal origin of the right subclavian artery, and coarctation of the aorta.
The aorta
The aorta is the largest artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle throughout the body. It can be divided into four sections - the ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta. The aortic arch arises from the ascending aorta and curves superiorly, posteriorly and to the left before descending as the thoracic aorta. It gives off three branches - the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. The thoracic aorta continues down through the thoracic cavity and passes through the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm to become the abdominal aorta.
Abdominal aorta
The document discusses the abdominal aorta and its branches. It notes that the abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity and is a continuation of the thoracic aorta. It terminates at the L4 vertebrae by bifurcating into the right and left common iliac arteries. The major branches discussed include the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries. Each of these branches and their roles in supplying specific organs are described in 1-2 sentences.
1. pericardium
The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It has two layers - an outer fibrous layer that is firmly attached to nearby structures, and an inner serous layer divided into parietal and visceral layers with a lubricating fluid between them. The pericardium restricts heart movement and provides a friction-free container for the heart to contract within.
Function of arterial & venous system
The arterial system carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissues, while the venous system returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Arteries are thick-walled vessels with three layers and carry blood under high pressure via elastic arteries, muscular arteries and arterioles. Veins are thin-walled vessels with valves to prevent backflow and return blood via large irregular veins to the heart. The function of arteries is to distribute blood through resistance vessels to capillaries for gas exchange, while veins drain and return blood via the action of venous valves and gravitational/muscular forces.
The heart chambers
The document describes the structure and features of the heart chambers. It states that the heart is composed of 4 chambers - the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. Blood enters the atria and is then pumped into the ventricles. From the left ventricle, blood passes into the aorta for systemic circulation, and from the right it enters the pulmonary circulation via the pulmonary arteries. Each chamber has distinct internal and external features and relations to other cardiac structures. The septa divide the atrial and ventricular chambers.
The pericardium
The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It has two layers - an outer fibrous layer and inner serous layer. The serous layer further divides into the parietal layer lining the fibrous sac and visceral layer adhered to the heart. Between these layers is the pericardial cavity containing fluid. The pericardium functions to support and protect the heart while allowing movement. Conditions like pericarditis or excess fluid accumulation can lead to cardiac tamponade.
Anatomy of Cardiac System
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. It describes the location and layers of the heart, the four chambers of the heart, the heart valves, the conduction system, the cardiac cycle, and circulation through the systemic and pulmonary circuits. It also discusses monitoring of the heart through tools like electrocardiograms, imaging like MRI and x-rays, stress testing, and pacemakers.
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Arch of aorta
The arch of the aorta begins behind the upper border of the second right sternochondral joint and arches over the root of the left lung before ending at the lower border of the fourth thoracic vertebra. It has anterior relations including nerves and veins and posterior relations such as the trachea and esophagus. Its main branches are the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. Developmental anomalies of the arch of the aorta include right sided aortic arch, double aortic arch, abnormal origin of the right subclavian artery, and coarctation of the aorta.
The aorta
The aorta is the largest artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle throughout the body. It can be divided into four sections - the ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta. The aortic arch arises from the ascending aorta and curves superiorly, posteriorly and to the left before descending as the thoracic aorta. It gives off three branches - the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. The thoracic aorta continues down through the thoracic cavity and passes through the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm to become the abdominal aorta.
Abdominal aorta
The document discusses the abdominal aorta and its branches. It notes that the abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity and is a continuation of the thoracic aorta. It terminates at the L4 vertebrae by bifurcating into the right and left common iliac arteries. The major branches discussed include the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries. Each of these branches and their roles in supplying specific organs are described in 1-2 sentences.
1. pericardium
The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It has two layers - an outer fibrous layer that is firmly attached to nearby structures, and an inner serous layer divided into parietal and visceral layers with a lubricating fluid between them. The pericardium restricts heart movement and provides a friction-free container for the heart to contract within.
Function of arterial & venous system
The arterial system carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissues, while the venous system returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Arteries are thick-walled vessels with three layers and carry blood under high pressure via elastic arteries, muscular arteries and arterioles. Veins are thin-walled vessels with valves to prevent backflow and return blood via large irregular veins to the heart. The function of arteries is to distribute blood through resistance vessels to capillaries for gas exchange, while veins drain and return blood via the action of venous valves and gravitational/muscular forces.
The heart chambers
The document describes the structure and features of the heart chambers. It states that the heart is composed of 4 chambers - the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. Blood enters the atria and is then pumped into the ventricles. From the left ventricle, blood passes into the aorta for systemic circulation, and from the right it enters the pulmonary circulation via the pulmonary arteries. Each chamber has distinct internal and external features and relations to other cardiac structures. The septa divide the atrial and ventricular chambers.
The pericardium
The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It has two layers - an outer fibrous layer and inner serous layer. The serous layer further divides into the parietal layer lining the fibrous sac and visceral layer adhered to the heart. Between these layers is the pericardial cavity containing fluid. The pericardium functions to support and protect the heart while allowing movement. Conditions like pericarditis or excess fluid accumulation can lead to cardiac tamponade.
Anatomy of Cardiac System
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. It describes the location and layers of the heart, the four chambers of the heart, the heart valves, the conduction system, the cardiac cycle, and circulation through the systemic and pulmonary circuits. It also discusses monitoring of the heart through tools like electrocardiograms, imaging like MRI and x-rays, stress testing, and pacemakers.
Right ventricle
right ventricle internal and external features-
interior is divided into inflowing and outflowing parts (infundibulum)
inflowing part is rough due to trabeculae corneae, - ridges, bridges, pillars. Chordae tendineae- are attached to pillars and cusps of tricuspid valve.
outflowing part is smooth, semilunar valve guards opening of pulmonary valve
Blood supply of heart
The heart receives its blood supply from two main coronary arteries - the right and left coronary arteries. The right coronary artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle while the left coronary artery supplies the left atrium and ventricle. The venous drainage of the heart occurs through the coronary sinus, anterior cardiac veins, and minute heart veins which all drain deoxygenated blood back into the right atrium.
Anatomy of the heart
The heart is pyramidal in shape with an apex pointing leftward and downward. It has four chambers - two atria which receive blood and two ventricles which pump blood. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle to be sent to the lungs. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle to be sent to the body. Blood flows through the heart via the tricuspid, bicuspid/mitral, pulmonary and aortic valves. The heart's conduction system coordinates contractions and is composed of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and bundle of His.
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Thoracic aorta
The thoracic aorta begins where the aortic arch ends at the fourth thoracic vertebrae and extends down to the diaphragm. It supplies blood to the thoracic cavity and has several important branches including the bronchial arteries which supply the lungs, esophageal arteries which supply the esophagus, and posterior intercostal arteries which supply the spaces between the ribs. The thoracic aorta also gives off mediastinal and pericardial branches before passing through the diaphragm and becoming the abdominal aorta.
The pericardium
The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It consists of the fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium. The fibrous pericardium is a conical sac made of fibrous tissue that protects the heart. The serous pericardium is a double-layered membrane that forms the pericardial sac, with fluid allowing the heart to move smoothly. The pericardium contains the heart, vessels, and parts of the great vessels, and has transverse and oblique sinuses.
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Right atrium of heart
Right Atrium of human heart
This PPT help to understand the external and internal structures of right atrium.
sulcus terminalis on external surface of rt atrium,
crista terminalis on internal side of rt. atrium,
interior is divided into rough anterior part and smooth posterior part ( sinus venarum)
superior and inferior venae cavae drains deoxygenated blood into rt. atrim
there is Eustachian valve to guard the opening of IVC and Thebesian valve to guard the opening of coronary sinus
septal wall presents fossa ovalis with its border limbus fossa ovalis
arch of aorta
The arch of the aorta begins at the level of the sternal angle and arches over the root of the left lung in the superior mediastinum. It begins as the continuation of the ascending aorta and passes up, back, and left before turning backwards and downwards to become the descending aorta at the level of T4. It has anterior relations to the left lung and pleura and posterior relations to the trachea, esophagus, and thoracic duct. Its branches include the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery.
Lungs
The lungs are soft, spongy organs that are pink in children and brown/grey/black in adults. The right lung weighs 700g and the left 500-600g. They have a conical shape with a blunt apex and semilunar base. Structures related to the mediastinal surface include the heart, great vessels, trachea and nerves. The lungs are divided into lobes separated by fissures and further divided into bronchopulmonary segments by segmental bronchi. The root of the lung contains the bronchus, pulmonary vessels and nerves that connect the lung to the mediastinum.
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Aorta is the main artery of systemic circulation.
Aorta is divided into 4 parts - 1) Ascending aorta
2) Arch of aorta 3) Descending thoracic aorta 4) Abdominal aorta
1) Ascending aorta - branches - Right and Left coronary arteries . At the level of sternal angle it is continuous with arch of aorta.
2) Arch of aorta - branches - Brachiocephalic artery, Left common carotid artery, Left subclavian artery. Ligamentum arteriosus is attached to arch of aorta and pulmonary trunk. for details about ligamentum arteriosus please go through the video of fetal circulation
https://youtu.be/kBR6p7-GmaE
3) Descending thoracic aorta - is continuation of arch of aorta from the level of T4 vertebra. it descends downwards by giving branches - 9 pairs of Posterior intercostal arteries, esophageal artery, left bronchial artery, pericardial branches, superior thoracic artery.
4) Abdominal aorta - at the level of T12 vertebra thoracic aorta enters into abdomen through aortic opening of diaphragm. Abdominal aorta divides into its terminal branches Left and Right common iliac arteries at the level of L4 vertebra.
2. External features of the heart
The heart is a hollow muscular organ located in the mediastinum. It has 4 chambers - right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. The heart is divided by septa into these chambers. The heart has surfaces including the sternocostal surface and diaphragmatic surface. It receives blood supply from the right and left coronary arteries. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the coronary sinus and associated veins which drain into the right atrium.
3. internal structure of the heart
The document summarizes the internal structure of the heart, including its four chambers, septa that divide them, and valves that regulate blood flow. It describes the conduction system that controls heart contractions, including the sinoatrial node that initiates impulses, the atrioventricular node that relays them to ventricles, and Purkinje fibers that conduct impulses through the ventricles. It also reviews the heart's blood supply, innervation by the autonomic nervous system, and roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.
Superior vena cava
The superior vena cava receives deoxygenated blood from the upper body and delivers it to the right atrium. It is formed by the merging of the brachiocephalic veins and descends through the thoracic region into the right atrium. Its tributaries include the brachiocephalic veins, azygos vein, and intercostal veins. Obstruction of the superior vena cava can result in the development of collateral pathways through the azygos vein or between tributaries of the superior and inferior vena cavae.
The valves of the heart
The document summarizes the valves of the heart, including their structure, location, and function. There are two pairs of valves: atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral) which allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles, and semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic) which allow blood to exit the ventricles. The valves have cusps that open and close to ensure one-way blood flow and prevent backflow. Issues like stenosis can cause murmurs and increase pressures on the respective chambers of the heart.
Muscles and nerves in the thoracic wall
The document describes the muscles and nerves of the thoracic wall. It discusses the three layers of intercostal muscles - external, internal, and innermost. It also describes the intercostal nerves, noting the typical arrangement from T3-T6, and variations in other regions. Finally, it discusses the diaphragm muscle, its origins along the ribs and vertebrae, openings, nerve supply, and role in respiration.
Liver anatomy
This is not a substitute for Books. Let it just help you understand some concepts in liver anatomy.
Continuation of this work will depend on your feedback. Stay Blessed.
thoracicaorta-141114084938-conversion-gate01 (1).pdf
The thoracic aorta begins where the aortic arch ends at the fourth thoracic vertebrae and extends down to the diaphragm. It supplies blood to the thoracic cavity and has several important branches including the bronchial arteries which supply the lungs, esophageal arteries which supply the esophagus, and posterior intercostal arteries which supply the spaces between the ribs. The thoracic aorta also gives off parietal branches like the superior phrenic arteries which supply the diaphragm and subcostal arteries which pass below the last ribs.
Aorta
The left coronary artery arises from the left posterior aortic sinus and supplies blood to the left side of the heart. It has branches including the left conus artery, left marginal branch, and circumflex branch. The right coronary artery arises from the right posterior aortic sinus and supplies blood to the right side of the heart, with branches such as the right conus artery and right marginal branch. The aorta receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and distributes it throughout the body.
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Right ventricle
right ventricle internal and external features-
interior is divided into inflowing and outflowing parts (infundibulum)
inflowing part is rough due to trabeculae corneae, - ridges, bridges, pillars. Chordae tendineae- are attached to pillars and cusps of tricuspid valve.
outflowing part is smooth, semilunar valve guards opening of pulmonary valve
Blood supply of heart
The heart receives its blood supply from two main coronary arteries - the right and left coronary arteries. The right coronary artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle while the left coronary artery supplies the left atrium and ventricle. The venous drainage of the heart occurs through the coronary sinus, anterior cardiac veins, and minute heart veins which all drain deoxygenated blood back into the right atrium.
Anatomy of the heart
The heart is pyramidal in shape with an apex pointing leftward and downward. It has four chambers - two atria which receive blood and two ventricles which pump blood. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle to be sent to the lungs. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle to be sent to the body. Blood flows through the heart via the tricuspid, bicuspid/mitral, pulmonary and aortic valves. The heart's conduction system coordinates contractions and is composed of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and bundle of His.
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Hello friends..you can use these notes for your convenience as they are taken from many other standard books.. Thank you
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The thoracic aorta begins where the aortic arch ends at the fourth thoracic vertebrae and extends down to the diaphragm. It supplies blood to the thoracic cavity and has several important branches including the bronchial arteries which supply the lungs, esophageal arteries which supply the esophagus, and posterior intercostal arteries which supply the spaces between the ribs. The thoracic aorta also gives off mediastinal and pericardial branches before passing through the diaphragm and becoming the abdominal aorta.
The pericardium
The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It consists of the fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium. The fibrous pericardium is a conical sac made of fibrous tissue that protects the heart. The serous pericardium is a double-layered membrane that forms the pericardial sac, with fluid allowing the heart to move smoothly. The pericardium contains the heart, vessels, and parts of the great vessels, and has transverse and oblique sinuses.
Vena cava anatomy and variants
This document discusses the normal anatomy and development of the superior and inferior vena cavae as well as common congenital anomalies that can occur. It begins with a description of the typical anatomy of the superior and inferior vena cavae and their tributaries. It then explains the embryonic development of the major veins, including how the cardinal veins form and remodel into the adult venous structures. Finally, it outlines several important congenital anomalies including bilateral superior vena cavae, left-sided superior vena cava, retroaortic innominate vein, left inferior vena cava, azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava, and circumcaval anomalies. Recognition of these anomalies is important to
Kidney
Hello friends..you can use these notes for your convenience as they are taken from many other standard books.. Thank you
Right atrium of heart
Right Atrium of human heart
This PPT help to understand the external and internal structures of right atrium.
sulcus terminalis on external surface of rt atrium,
crista terminalis on internal side of rt. atrium,
interior is divided into rough anterior part and smooth posterior part ( sinus venarum)
superior and inferior venae cavae drains deoxygenated blood into rt. atrim
there is Eustachian valve to guard the opening of IVC and Thebesian valve to guard the opening of coronary sinus
septal wall presents fossa ovalis with its border limbus fossa ovalis
arch of aorta
The arch of the aorta begins at the level of the sternal angle and arches over the root of the left lung in the superior mediastinum. It begins as the continuation of the ascending aorta and passes up, back, and left before turning backwards and downwards to become the descending aorta at the level of T4. It has anterior relations to the left lung and pleura and posterior relations to the trachea, esophagus, and thoracic duct. Its branches include the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery.
Lungs
The lungs are soft, spongy organs that are pink in children and brown/grey/black in adults. The right lung weighs 700g and the left 500-600g. They have a conical shape with a blunt apex and semilunar base. Structures related to the mediastinal surface include the heart, great vessels, trachea and nerves. The lungs are divided into lobes separated by fissures and further divided into bronchopulmonary segments by segmental bronchi. The root of the lung contains the bronchus, pulmonary vessels and nerves that connect the lung to the mediastinum.
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Aorta is the main artery of systemic circulation.
Aorta is divided into 4 parts - 1) Ascending aorta
2) Arch of aorta 3) Descending thoracic aorta 4) Abdominal aorta
1) Ascending aorta - branches - Right and Left coronary arteries . At the level of sternal angle it is continuous with arch of aorta.
2) Arch of aorta - branches - Brachiocephalic artery, Left common carotid artery, Left subclavian artery. Ligamentum arteriosus is attached to arch of aorta and pulmonary trunk. for details about ligamentum arteriosus please go through the video of fetal circulation
https://youtu.be/kBR6p7-GmaE
3) Descending thoracic aorta - is continuation of arch of aorta from the level of T4 vertebra. it descends downwards by giving branches - 9 pairs of Posterior intercostal arteries, esophageal artery, left bronchial artery, pericardial branches, superior thoracic artery.
4) Abdominal aorta - at the level of T12 vertebra thoracic aorta enters into abdomen through aortic opening of diaphragm. Abdominal aorta divides into its terminal branches Left and Right common iliac arteries at the level of L4 vertebra.
2. External features of the heart
The heart is a hollow muscular organ located in the mediastinum. It has 4 chambers - right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. The heart is divided by septa into these chambers. The heart has surfaces including the sternocostal surface and diaphragmatic surface. It receives blood supply from the right and left coronary arteries. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the coronary sinus and associated veins which drain into the right atrium.
3. internal structure of the heart
The document summarizes the internal structure of the heart, including its four chambers, septa that divide them, and valves that regulate blood flow. It describes the conduction system that controls heart contractions, including the sinoatrial node that initiates impulses, the atrioventricular node that relays them to ventricles, and Purkinje fibers that conduct impulses through the ventricles. It also reviews the heart's blood supply, innervation by the autonomic nervous system, and roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.
Superior vena cava
The superior vena cava receives deoxygenated blood from the upper body and delivers it to the right atrium. It is formed by the merging of the brachiocephalic veins and descends through the thoracic region into the right atrium. Its tributaries include the brachiocephalic veins, azygos vein, and intercostal veins. Obstruction of the superior vena cava can result in the development of collateral pathways through the azygos vein or between tributaries of the superior and inferior vena cavae.
The valves of the heart
The document summarizes the valves of the heart, including their structure, location, and function. There are two pairs of valves: atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral) which allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles, and semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic) which allow blood to exit the ventricles. The valves have cusps that open and close to ensure one-way blood flow and prevent backflow. Issues like stenosis can cause murmurs and increase pressures on the respective chambers of the heart.
Muscles and nerves in the thoracic wall
The document describes the muscles and nerves of the thoracic wall. It discusses the three layers of intercostal muscles - external, internal, and innermost. It also describes the intercostal nerves, noting the typical arrangement from T3-T6, and variations in other regions. Finally, it discusses the diaphragm muscle, its origins along the ribs and vertebrae, openings, nerve supply, and role in respiration.
Liver anatomy
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Continuation of this work will depend on your feedback. Stay Blessed.
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The thoracic aorta begins where the aortic arch ends at the fourth thoracic vertebrae and extends down to the diaphragm. It supplies blood to the thoracic cavity and has several important branches including the bronchial arteries which supply the lungs, esophageal arteries which supply the esophagus, and posterior intercostal arteries which supply the spaces between the ribs. The thoracic aorta also gives off parietal branches like the superior phrenic arteries which supply the diaphragm and subcostal arteries which pass below the last ribs.
Aorta
The left coronary artery arises from the left posterior aortic sinus and supplies blood to the left side of the heart. It has branches including the left conus artery, left marginal branch, and circumflex branch. The right coronary artery arises from the right posterior aortic sinus and supplies blood to the right side of the heart, with branches such as the right conus artery and right marginal branch. The aorta receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and distributes it throughout the body.
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1. The document describes the anatomy and features of the superior vena cava, arch of aorta, and pulmonary trunk. It discusses the formation, course, branches, and relations of each structure.
2. The superior vena cava collects blood from the upper body and drains into the right atrium. The arch of aorta begins at the level of the right second costal cartilage and gives off three branches before continuing as the descending thoracic aorta.
3. The pulmonary trunk conveys deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, arising from the upper part of the right ventricle at the level of the left third costal cartilage.
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The document describes the structure and function of the heart and circulatory system. It discusses the major veins that return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium, such as the superior and inferior vena cava. It also describes the four chambers of the heart, including the right and left atria that receive blood and the right and left ventricles that pump blood to the lungs and body. The valves such as the tricuspid and bicuspid valves prevent backflow of blood through the heart.
Coronary circulation
The coronary circulation supplies blood to the heart muscle. There are two main coronary arteries - the left and right coronary arteries - that originate from the aorta and branch throughout the heart muscle. The left coronary artery supplies the left side of the heart while the right coronary artery supplies the right side. These arteries branch into smaller arterioles and capillaries to deliver oxygenated blood before draining into coronary veins that remove deoxygenated blood, mostly through the coronary sinus, and return it to the right atrium.
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coronary circulation of Heart - by thirumurugan.docx
Blood supply of Heart or coronary circulation:
Blood supply of heart through coronary arteries is called coronary circulation
Coronary Arteries The right and left coronary arteries supply blood to your heart.
Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
Cardiac veins then drain away the blood after it has been deoxygenated.
Because the rest of the body, and most especially the brain, needs a steady supply of oxygenated blood that is free of all but the slightest interruptions, the heart is required to function continuously.
Therefore its circulation is of major importance not only to its own tissues but to the entire body and even the level of consciousness of the brain from moment to moment.
They’re the first branches off the aorta, which is the main artery in body.
These arteries and their branches supply all parts of the heart muscle with blood.
Coronary arteries:
The coronary arteries are major blood vessels in body, supplying blood to heart.
They make it possible for heart to beat and pump blood throughout body.
It have 2 branches right coronary artery (RCA) and a left main coronary artery (LMCA). Each contains smaller branches that go deep inside heart muscle.
Diagram:
Purpose of the coronary artery:
The function of the coronary arteries and their branches is to supply heart with blood.
Heart muscles need the oxygen and nutrients in blood so they can pump blood through heart and the rest of body.
Location of coronary arteries:
Coronary arteries are around and inside heart muscle.
They branch off aorta, which is the main artery in body.
They start at the aortic root, which is the first part of aorta that emerges from the left ventricle of heart.
The left ventricle is where oxygenated blood leaves from heart and starts its journey through body.
The coronary artery branches are the first of many branches off aorta.
Coronary artery structure:
o There are two coronary arteries, each containing several branches:
Right coronary artery (RCA):
o The RCA supplies blood to right atrium and right ventricle (where deoxygenated blood goes before heading to the lungs).
o Its branches supply the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes.
o These nodes send electrical signals through heart, so the heart muscles know when to contract.
o Branches of the RCA also deliver blood to one-third of interventricular septum, which is the wall between heart’s two lower chambers.
Left main coronary artery (LMCA):
o The LMCA supplies blood to left atrium and left ventricle.
o This is where oxygenated blood arrives from lungs before heart pumps it out to the rest of the body.
o Its branches supply blood to the other two-thirds of interventricular septum.
Structure of the coronary artery:
It’s important to note that sometimes the structure of the coronary artery branches varies from person to person.
Some examples are: Coronary arteries are usually surrounded by a layer
Parts of the Human Heart (2).pptx
The heart is a fist-sized organ that pumps blood throughout your body. It's the primary organ of your circulatory system
Your heart contains four main sections (chambers) made of muscle and powered by electrical impulses. This is a brief presentation about the Parts of the Human Heart.
For Educational Purposes Only. All Rights Reserved. No Copyright Infringement intended.
Human heart
The human heart has four chambers - two atria that receive blood and two ventricles that pump blood. The right side receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs, while the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body. The heart is made of cardiac muscle that can contract regularly without fatigue. Blood returns to the heart through the vena cavae and pulmonary veins and is pumped back out through the pulmonary artery and aorta.
Human heart
The human heart has four chambers - two atria that receive blood and two ventricles that pump blood. The right side receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs, while the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body. The heart is made of cardiac muscle that can contract regularly without fatigue. Blood returns to the heart through the vena cavae and pulmonary veins and is pumped back out through the pulmonary artery and aorta.
heart anatomy pdf.pdf
The heart has four chambers - right and left atria receive blood returning from the body and lungs respectively, and pump it to the right and left ventricles which pump blood to the lungs and body. It is located in the mediastinum and surrounded by membranes. The heart wall has three layers - epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. The sinoatrial node initiates electrical impulses which travel through pathways to coordinate contractions. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium and is pumped to the lungs, then returns oxygenated to the left atrium to be pumped through the body by the left ventricle.
imaging of aorta(branches of thorax) (1).pptx
The document discusses the anatomy and imaging of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending thoracic aorta. It describes the branches arising from each section of the aorta and the structures they supply. Imaging options for assessing the thoracic aorta are mentioned, including plain radiography, echocardiography, CT, MRI, and catheter angiography. Variations in aortic arch position and anomalies like right-sided aortic arch are also noted.
Anatomy and physiology of heart, lung ,
The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the heart, lungs, thoracic cavity, and blood vessels. It discusses the location of the heart in the thoracic cavity and its layers, which include the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The heart has four chambers - two atria that receive blood and two ventricles that pump blood. Blood flows through the heart in two circuits: pulmonary circulation from the heart to the lungs and systemic circulation from the heart to the rest of the body. The heart is supplied with blood and nutrients through the coronary circulation.
"THE HEART"
This presentation will help you to get to known about the human heart in very much clear way. It will help you alot in making your concepts clear regarding the human heart and it's functioning.
A red blood cell enters the right atrium from the superior vena cava..pdf
A red blood cell enters the right atrium from the superior vena cava. In order, list ALL the
structures it passes through to reach the right coronary artery. Be sure to include ALL the
chambers of the heart, and the valves of the heart that it passes through. A red blood cell enters
the celiac trunk from the aorta. In order, list ALL the structures it passes through to reach the
right carotid artery. Be sure to include ALL the chambers of the heart, and the valves of the heart
that it passes through.
Solution
Q.No 1
Heart contains four chambers, two atria and a couple of ventricles. The blood that is definitely
returned to the right atrium is deoxygenated and s passed into the right ventricle to be pumped
through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for reoxygenation and elimination of carbon dioxide.
The left atrium receives newly oxygenated blood through the lungs with the pulmonary veins,
that may be passed throughout the strong left ventricle to be pumped through the aorta to the
various organs of one\'s body.
Superior Vena Cava
The superior vena cava is one of these two main veins bringing de-oxygenated blood from the
entire body to heart. Veins through the head and upper body feed into the superior vena cava,
which empties into the right atrium of the heart.
Inferior Vena Cava
The inferior vena cava is one of these two main veins bringing de-oxygenated blood from the
entire body to heart. Veins through the legs reducing torso feed into the inferior vena cava, which
empties into the right atrium of the heart.
Aorta
The aorta is the main single circulatory around the body. It is around the diameter from your
thumb. This vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to different parts of one\'s
body.
Pulmonary Artery
The pulmonary artery is the vessel transporting de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to
the lungs. Perhaps the most common misconception is all arteries carry oxygen-rich blood. It
really is appropriate to classify arteries as vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
Pulmonary Vein
The pulmonary vein is the vessel transporting oxygen-rich blood through the lungs to the left
atrium. Perhaps the most common misconception is all veins carry de-oxygenated blood. It really
is appropriate to classify veins as vessels carrying blood to heart.
Papillary Muscles
The papillary muscles attach to the reduced percentage of the interior wall of one\'s ventricles.
They connect with the chordae tendineae, which attach to the tricuspid valve in the right
ventricle and the mitral valve around the left ventricle. The contraction of the papillary muscles
closes these valves. When the papillary muscles relax, the valves open.
Chordae Tendineae
The chordae tendineae are tendons linking the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve in the
right ventricle and the mitral valve around the left ventricle. As the papillary muscles contract
and relax, the chordae tendineae transmit the resulting increase and reduce in tension to
respecti.
The human heart activity
The document describes the anatomy and function of the human heart. It explains that the heart is a powerful muscle made up of four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles. The heart pumps blood throughout the body via electrical signals that cause coordinated contractions. It details each of the heart's chambers and valves and their roles in circulating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Key parts discussed include the sinoatrial node, ventricles, atria, valves, arteries and veins that work together to pump blood through the heart and body.
ANATOMY OF HEART.pptx
The heart is divided into four chambers - the right and left atria on top which receive blood and the right and left ventricles below which pump blood out. The atria and ventricles are separated by valves which allow blood to flow in only one direction. The right side receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs, while the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. Valves prevent backflow through the heart's chambers and vessels.
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Arch of aorta
- 2. Arch of Aorta and Its Branches: The aortic arch is the portion of the main artery that bends between the ascending and descending aorta. It leaves the heart and ascends, then descends back to create the arch. The aorta distributes blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.
- 3. Where is the arch of the aorta? The aortic arch is the section of the aorta between the ascending and descending aorta. As it arises from the ascending aorta, the arch runs slightly backward and to the left of the trachea. The distal segment of the aortic arch then traverses downwards at the fourth thoracic vertebra.
- 4. Where does arch of aorta begin and end? Aortic Arch. The aortic arch is a continuation of the ascending aorta and begins at the level of the second sternocostal joint. It arches superiorly, posteriorly and to the left before moving inferiorly. The aortic arch ends at the level of the T4 vertebra.
- 6. Branches of Aorta: The arch of aorta has three branches: Brachiocephalic Artery Subclavian Artery Left Carotid Artery The brachiocephalic artery, which itself divides into right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. These arteries provide blood to both arms and the head.
- 7. Brachiocephalic Artery: It is also known as the innominate artery or the brachiocephalic trunk. The name refers to the fact that blood flows through this very short artery to the arm (brachio) and the head (cephalic). ... It can also be called a trunk because it is the base for two other very important arteries.
- 9. Subclavian Artery: Derived: Subclavian Artery is derived from Latin word Arteria Subclavia. The subclavian artery crosses the lateral border of the first rib, it becomes the axillary artery. On the right side the subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic (innominate) artery behind the right sternoclavicular articulation; on the left side it springs from the arch of the aorta.
- 11. Left Carotid Artery: The common origin of the brachiocephalic trunk and the left common carotid artery (erroneously called the “false bovine aortic arch”) results from the involution of the embryonic fourth aortic arch between the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery with a persistent embryonic fifth aortic arch.
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