The integration of fish and vegetables creates an ideal growing environment that is more productive than conventional methods. Consequently, aquaponics is gaining more importance now a day because crop production systems are being forced towards increasing irregularities as drought, floods, storms, cyclones and diseases visit regularly. A simple aquaponic system was designed with the locally available materials.13 pants of 5 different species were grown in an area of 0.27 m2 ( Rashmi M et. al 2013). Three different methods were tested to determine the best system to grow Taro vegetable. The applied methods were T1 = aquaponics system for soilless vegetable culture in gravel bed with fish tank waste water, T2= hydroponics for soilless vegetable culture in gravel bed with tap water and T3= vegetable culture in soil media with tap water as control. Double recirculating aquaponic system (DRAPS) consisting of two independent recirculating units – a recirculating aquaculture unit for fish production and a closed hydroponic cycle for plant production which were connected unidirectional was developed (Suhl J et al 2016). Results revealed that aquaponic system offers better results than other media. This system can enhance the organic farming which could be environmental friendly. Double recirculating aquaponic system (DRAPS) with two independent cycles provides the opportunity to produce equal tomato yields compared to those obtained by conventionally used hydroponic systems. By Using DRAPS fertilizer use efficiency was also improved by 23.6%.
Aquaponics is an Integration of Aquaculture and Hydroponics. This presentation includes an introduction of Aquaponics. Using Aquaponics, you can grow fish and plants together.
A new way of farming! Grow Fish, Grow Vegetables at the same time, saving water, time, space , efforts and all ORGANIC.
Read this presentation to know more about it.
Aquaponics is an Integration of Aquaculture and Hydroponics. This presentation includes an introduction of Aquaponics. Using Aquaponics, you can grow fish and plants together.
A new way of farming! Grow Fish, Grow Vegetables at the same time, saving water, time, space , efforts and all ORGANIC.
Read this presentation to know more about it.
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) operate by filtering water from the fish (or shellfish) tanks so it can be reused within the tank. This dramatically reduces the amount of water and space required to intensively produce seafood products.
Aquaponics (/ˈækwəˈpɒnɪks/) refers to any system that combines conventional a...Ashish sahu
Aquaponics (/ˈækwəˈpɒnɪks/) refers to any system that combines conventional aquaculture (raising aquatic animals such as snails, fish, crayfish or prawns in tanks) with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment.
Starting a Commercial Aquaponics Farm - Bright AgrotechUpstart University
These are the webinar slides for "Starting A Commercial Aquaponics Farm"- a webinar by Dr. Nate Storey of Bright Agrotech.
Find the entire recorded webinar here: http://bit.ly/1dsSXr3
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) operate by filtering water from the fish (or shellfish) tanks so it can be reused within the tank. This dramatically reduces the amount of water and space required to intensively produce seafood products.
Aquaponics (/ˈækwəˈpɒnɪks/) refers to any system that combines conventional a...Ashish sahu
Aquaponics (/ˈækwəˈpɒnɪks/) refers to any system that combines conventional aquaculture (raising aquatic animals such as snails, fish, crayfish or prawns in tanks) with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment.
Starting a Commercial Aquaponics Farm - Bright AgrotechUpstart University
These are the webinar slides for "Starting A Commercial Aquaponics Farm"- a webinar by Dr. Nate Storey of Bright Agrotech.
Find the entire recorded webinar here: http://bit.ly/1dsSXr3
This was an Aquaculture presentation to the Dayton Water Conference on the fastest growing food industry in the world and which creates a large balance of trade for the U.S. It is also a new market for water treatment.
For a 3 min presentation on Organic Farming !!!
What is organic farming?
Current situaion of Kerala.
Health effects of pesticides.
Home-fresh vegetables
Before you spend you money purchasing any equipment, spend some quality time planning how you will make this work. learn who is in the market, why you should not take advice from salesmen (or women) ever. Here is the cumulated experience and advice of The Commercial Aquaponics Group
What makes an effective aquaponics system?PortableFarms
What Makes An Effective Aquaponics System? Brought to you by Phyllis Davis, President of Portable Farms, Inc. and Co-Inventor of Portable Farms Aquaponics System.
The aquaponics term derives from the words aquaculture and hydroponics, which by definition, has the meaning of aquatics organisms culture and plant breeding techniques without soil, respectively. This activity has how the main feature the sustainability, once the modality looks for the production with low water consumption and high exploitation of waste generated. The present study had as objective to describe the construction of the aquaponics pilot system. This way, based on the literature and acquired experience during the work, a step-by-step method was established for the assembly of the system. To verify the process efficiency, were analyzed the presence of total and thermotolerants coliforms, counting of facultative mesophiles and quantification of micro and macronutrients in leaves and roots of Xanthosoma sagittifolium. There was no presence of total and thermotolerants coliforms in leaves and roots of X. sagittifolium. In the count of facultative mesophiles the roots presented 6x104 CFU/g and the leaves 1.7x102 CFU/g. In the foliar analysis, 1430mg/kg of Fe was observed in the roots. It was concluded that the pilot project was successfully built and testing can be continued with new plants.
Analysis of Organic Fertilizers for Nutrients with AAnalyst 800 Atomic Absorp...PerkinElmer, Inc.
"The present work demonstrates the ability of the PerkinElmer®
AAnalyst™ 800 atomic absorption spectrophotometer to
analyze the micronutrients in several organic fertilizers.
The results obtained from using the conventional AOAC
Method 965.09 using dry ashing with a muffle furnace and
EPA Method 3052, the official EPA method for the microwave
digestion of siliceous and organic based samples, are compared."
Learn more about our solutions: http://bit.ly/1bENIDL
A Minimal Water Exchange Aquaculture System, also known as a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), is a modern and sustainable approach to fish farming that minimizes water usage by continuously recycling and treating the water within a closed system. In this system, water is reused and treated to maintain optimal water quality for fish while reducing the environmental impact associated with traditional aquaculture methods.
The key components of a minimal water exchange aquaculture system include:
1. Fish Tanks: These are the primary units where fish are raised. The tanks are designed to provide suitable conditions for fish growth, such as appropriate water depth, temperature, and oxygen levels.
2. Filtration System: RAS incorporates various filtration components to remove solid waste, excess nutrients, and harmful substances from the water. Mechanical filters remove large particles, while biological filters foster beneficial bacteria that convert toxic ammonia into less harmful substances.
3. Water Treatment: Water treatment technologies, such as UV sterilization or ozonation, are used to control pathogens and maintain water quality within acceptable parameters. These methods help to ensure a healthy environment for the fish.
4. Oxygenation: Adequate oxygen levels are critical for fish health. RAS employs techniques such as aerators, oxygen injectors, or oxygen cones to maintain dissolved oxygen levels throughout the system.
5. Monitoring and Control: RAS relies on advanced monitoring and control systems to continuously measure and regulate parameters such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and water flow. This ensures optimal conditions for fish growth and allows for timely adjustments if any deviations occur.
The benefits of a Minimal Water Exchange Aquaculture System (RAS) include:
1. Water Conservation: RAS significantly reduces water consumption by recycling and reusing water within the system. It helps conserve this valuable resource and minimizes the environmental impact associated with traditional aquaculture, which often requires large amounts of freshwater usage.
2. Improved Water Quality: The water in a RAS undergoes thorough filtration and treatment, resulting in high-quality water conditions for the fish. By removing waste and controlling water parameters, RAS helps minimize the risk of disease outbreaks and promotes optimal fish health.
3. Reduced Environmental Impact: The closed-loop nature of RAS prevents the release of excess nutrients and waste into the surrounding environment, minimizing the impact on natural ecosystems and reducing the risk of pollution.
4. Increased Production Density: RAS allows for higher stocking densities compared to traditional aquaculture systems. The controlled environment and efficient waste management of RAS enable farmers to maximize production within a smaller footprint.
5. Disease Control: The controlled and isolated environment of RAS helps minimize the risk of disease transmission
An Overview of Aquaponic Systems: Hydroponic
Components
D. Allen Pattillo
Iowa State University, pattillo@iastate.edu
http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ncrac_techbulletins/19/
30. Kitchen gardening and hydroponics A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah D...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A
Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Study of Automated and Controlled Aquaponics System An Innovative and Integra...ijtsrd
At the moment, an attempt has been made to adapt, adapt and automate the Aquaponics System technology for the benefit of farmers and to tackle key issues such as food safety and water scarcity. Aquaponics is a combination of aquaculture, which is growing fish and other aquatic animals, and hydroponics which is growing plants without soil. Aquaponics uses these two in a symbiotic combination in which plants are fed the aquatic animal's discharge or waste. In return, the vegetables clean the water that goes back to the fish. Along with the fish and their waste, microbes play an important role to the nutrition of the plants. These beneficial bacteria gather in the spaces between the roots of the plant and converts the fish waste and the solids into substances the plants can use to grow. Aquaponics considered a sustainable production system. It presents a series of beneficial features for the environment such as land conservation, efficient use of water and nutrients, organic fertilization, produce the highest yield on a field, no floor is required, environmental benefits etc. This study describes the overall design and working, list of the component required, cost involved in the setup, maintenance, and operation, advantages and disadvantages of the system. A automatic prototype has also proposed to created a to test the system sustainability. Sanjeev Kumar | Manvendra Singh | Nitika Rai ""Study of Automated and Controlled Aquaponics System: An Innovative & Integrated Way of Farming"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29945.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29945/study-of-automated-and-controlled-aquaponics-system-an-innovative-and-integrated-way-of-farming/sanjeev-kumar
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Aquaponics - Combined Fish and Vegetable Farming
1.
2. Doctorial Seminar
on
“Aquaponics – Combined fish and vegetable farming”
Under the guidance of
Dr.H.V.Hemakumar
Associate Proffessor & Head
Department of Agricultural Structures
Presented by
Ch.Apparao
BEP16-05
3. Aquaponics Defined
The integration of:
Aquaculture – Growing fish in a re-circulating
system
Ponos – The Greek word for growing plants with or
without media
Most people relate growing plants to hydroponics since both use
nutrient rich water and both use soil-less media.
4. How Aquaponics Works
1. Fish are raised in a tank
2. Water from the fish tank is pumped to the plants
3. Bacteria convert ammonia and nitrite to nitrate
4. Plants absorb the nutrient rich water
5. Filtered water is returned to the fish tank, clean
Fish are Happy!
Plants are Happy!
We get more to eat!
5. The world faces a number of crisis today:
Increasing population
High fuel consumption
Food shortages
Global warming
Inorganic food Consumption
Water shortage
The best alternative for this is AQUAPONICS
6. Aquaponics is the farming of fish and plants in a single
recirculating system. The waste from the fish becomes the nutrients
for the plants, and the plants in turn remove these nutrients from the
water, purifying it for the fish.
Types of Aquaponics System:
1.Gravel Bed Culture
2.Deep Water Culture
3.Nutrient Film Technique
What is Aquaponics ?
8. Gravel Bed Culture
In this the plants are rooted in coarse gravel or aggregate media.
Bacteria grow on the media and convert the ammonia excreted by the fish to nitrate.
Plants within the grow beds remove the nitrate from the water, which then returns to
the fish in a clean and healthy form .
No mechanical or biological filtration is required as the gravel beds suit both
purposes.
9. Deep Water Culture
The water from the fish tank is filtered
mechanically and biologically to remove the solids
from suspension and convert the toxic ammonia to
nitrate.
This clean water then travels down the length of a
tank of water in which polystyrene rafts are floated.
Plants are rooted through the holes in the
polystyrene sheets and into the water below, where
the roots take up nutrients from the water.
DWC is most suited to leafy crops and there is some
discharge of water during the filtration process.
10. Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)
As with DWC the water is filtered prior to going to the plants, but in this case
the plants are rooted through holes in pipes.
The tip of the root touches the bottom surface of the pipe and absorbs nutrients
from a thin film of water trickling down the length of the pipe.
This method also results in the loss of water and nutrients during filter
cleaning, and is also best suited to leafy crops.
11. Why Aquaponics ?Why Aquaponics ?
Aquaponics is not only a most enjoyable way of producing
high quality, wholesome crops as a business or for own use, but it
also has several distinct advantages over both aquaculture and
hydroponics
.
13. Crop harvesting is quick and easy, regardless of the
weather outside
Crops can be grown all year-round.
Higher yields than conventional farming
Faster growth to market size due to optimal conditions
being maintained
Root temperature very stable resulting in fewer disease
issues than hydroponics
14. Design of small aquaponic system
S.No Components
Required
Specifications
1 Aquarium 55 L capacity
2 Grow bed 110 L capacity
3 Motor Boyo 2500 (any locally available motor)
4 PVC Tube 0.5 inches, 3 inches
5 Pipes 0.5 inches(length as per requirement)
6 Air pump, sponge
filter
For 55 L capacity
Aloe vera ,Cluster Beans ,Chilly, Ginger in an area of 0.27 meter
square.
Fish used: Tilapia
Neem oil and tobacco mixed with water are the organic pesticides used
in the system. (Rashmi et. al 2013)
15. DESIGN
The first step is to fix siphon on the grow bed. A half inch hole was
drilled on to the corner of grow bed half inch pipe is fixed on to it. the
syphon specifications is size of outer tube : radius=5cm & height=35
cm
size of syphon with cap :radius=2cm & height=15cm
siphon tube(inner) radius=1 cm & height=12.5 cm
Then fix nutrition tube
Fill the bed with large stones.
A medium pebbles at top.
55 L fish tank is placed at bottom.
Air pump and Filter
The fish ratio is 1fish for 10 liters
16. Why are Tilapia extremely popular in aquaponic systems??
•They are easy to breed.
•They are fast growing.
•Can withstand very poor water conditions.
•Consume an omnivorous diet and are good eating.
•Fish feed ratio-60-100g/m2/day
Tilapia
17. Why do Plants like Aquaponics?
Nutrients constantly provided
Don’t have to search for water or food
Less effort needed in putting out roots
All the energy goes into growing UP not DOWN
No weed competition
18. What influences the amount of available nutrients
to plants?
Density of fish population
Size of fish
Temperature of water
Amount of uneaten fish feed in water
Availability of beneficial bacteria
Amount of plants in the system
Media present in system
Water flow rate
19. Double Recirculating Aquaponic System (DRAPS): (suhl et.al 2016)
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of the used double recirculating aquaponic system
(DRAPS). The recirculating aquaculture system (RAS; A): fish-rearing tanks (1),
mechanical filter (sedimentation) (2), pump system (3) and trickling biofilter (5) and
pump sump (4). Recirculating hydroponic unit (B): nutrient solution tanks (8) and plant
gutters (9). Both systems are connected via a 3-chamber-pit (3-cp; 6).
20. Experimental set up
The experiments were carried out in a new constructed research
aquaponic facility located in Abt-shagen, Germany (52◦
31 12.025 N, 13◦
24 17.834 E).
The total area was 196 m2
, which was divided into three areas: (i)
technical room (14 m2
); (ii) the fish farm based on RAS (43 m2
); (iii) a
Venlo-type greenhouse (139 m2
).
The computer control system and a cogeneration unit were placed in the
technical room. The RAS contained four identical glass fibre fish tanks
with a total net production volume of 7.2 m3
.
The water was cleaned by a mechanical filter (glass fibre sedimentation
tank) with a volume of 1.3 m3
and the effluent was collected in a pump
sump with a volume of 2.34 m3
.
From the pump sump the water was pumped to a trickling biofilter for
nitrification to convert ammonium into nitrate.
21. The specific surface area of the filter bodies was 120 m2
m−3
. The
nitrified water was collected in a reception water tank (0.4 m3
) and
flowed back to the fish rearing tanks.
The total volume of the whole RAS was around 12 m3
. Depending
on the water quality and the fish stocking density, water treated with
the mechanical filter was removed one to three times a week into the
3-chamber pit (3-cp; 4.5 m3
) .
The fish water removing occurred unidirectional and
discontinuously. From the 3-cp it was pumped into the storage tank
(1 m3
) implemented in the greenhouse and was kept there until its
use for hydroponically plant production .
Before the fish waste water was delivered to the plants, it was
adjusted in the nutrient solution tank using mineral fertilizer to
provide optimal nutrient concentrations for plant growth.
22. RESU LTS
parameters Small scale aquaponic system Normal cultivation
space 13 plants were grown in a area of
0.27 meter square
13 plants need atleast 4
meter square
water 55 liters 100 litres/day
Rashmi Menon article
The following inferences were made from the observation table:
1.In an aquaponic system, the space requirement is less. Also,since the ground
resistance of the media filled bed is less, allowing the roots to grow straight
easily, there is no requirement for the plant to develop a wide root system.
2. The recirculation of water makes the water requirement for cultivation
less
and water compensations weekly have to be made for evaporation losses
only.
23. METHODS WERE TESTED TO DETERMINE THE BESTMETHODS WERE TESTED TO DETERMINE THE BEST
SYSTEM TO GROW TARO VEGETABLESYSTEM TO GROW TARO VEGETABLE
The applied methods were
T1 = aquaponics system for soilless vegetable culture in gravel
bed with fish tank waste water.
T2= hydroponics for soilless vegetable culture in gravel bed with
tap water and
T3= vegetable culture in soil media with tap water as control.
Tilapia was used as animal species in aquaponics system (T1).
The healthy and uniformed Taro seedlings were used in each
method.
M.A. Salam, M. Y. Prodhan
Article
24. Treatments P ( ppm ) K ( ppm ) S ( ppm )
Na ( ppm
)
T1 0.539 6.167 2.746 19.891
T2 0.240 2.526 1.131 16.528
T3 18.767 122.604 40.338 229.197
The nutrient analysis of the growing media revealed that the highest
amount of nutrients were found in T3 followed by T1and T2 (Table 3).
Table 3: The average nutrient content of different treatments
25. The hypothesis are
H0: The performance of method T1 and T2 are equivalent.
H1: The performance of method T1 is greater than performance of T2
Character t-value p-value Comment
Height 3.58 0.012** T1 Significant
Stem No. 11.79 0.000* T1 Significant
Diameter of single
stem 5.27 0.003* T1 Significant
Diameter of plant 4.92 0.009* T1 Significant
Leaf Area 3.77 0.003* T1 Significant
Table 4: Two sample t-test for morphological
study
*, **, *** means 1%, 5% and 10% level of significance
26. The hypothesis are
H0: The performance of method T1 and T3 are equivalent.
H1: The performance of method T1 is greater than performance of T3
Character t-value p-value Comment
Height 1.44 0.096*** T1 Significant
Stem No. 0.00 0.50 T1 insignificant
Diameter of single
stem 1.88 0.051*** T1 Significant
Diameter of plant 1.83 0.053*** T1 Significant
Leaf Area 1.67 0.066*** T1 Significant
Table 5: Two sample t-test to find out the best method between
T1 and T3
*, **, *** means 1%, 5% and 10% level of significance
27. Figure 5: The bar chart for coefficient of
variance of T1, T2 and T3
Treatment P (ppm) K (ppm) S (ppm) Na (ppm)
T1 0.539 6.197 2.746 19.891
T2 0.240 2.526 1.131 16.528
T3 18.767 122.604 40.338 229.197
28. The biomass content of Taro plant at final harvest
Figure 6:The biomass content of Taro plant at final harvest
29. Figure 7: Regression analysis of fish length and weight
showed linear relationship
30. Double Recirculating Aquaponic System (DRAPS): (suhl et.al 2016)
Figure 8:Effects of hydroponics and aquaponics on fruit yield and quality.
The values represent the mean value of total tomato yield, marketable fruit
yield and non-marketable fruit yield (n = 48) produced within 28 weeks ±
standard deviation. The mean yields were tested using t-test and Mann-
Whitney U Test, respectively and small letters indicate significant
differences.
31. Figure 9:Influence of fresh water (control) and fish waste water based nutrient solu-
tions on fruit dry matter content, soluble solids content (SSC), sugar-acid ratio (SAR),
as well as lycopene and ß-carotene content. The data represent mean val-ues and ±
standard deviation (n = 9). The analysed contents were compared using t-test and
represent the mean of three repetitions in three consecutive weeks
32. Table 6:Effects of hydroponics and aquaponics on leaf area (n = 12),
number of leaves (n = 12), plant length (n = 6), and Chl NDI*
(n =
192) of the first fully developed tomato leaf.
Treatment Leaf area per
plant (m2
plant-1
)
Number of
leaves
Plant length (m) ChI NDI
Hydroponic 1.36±0.15b
21.0±0.7a
10.8±0.46a
0.56±0.19a
Aquaponics 1.15±0.16a
20.5±1.3a
10.9±0.23a
0.66±0.16b
33. Table 7: Nutrients in pure fish waste water, as well as in nutrient
solutions based on mixture of fresh and fish waste water,
respectively.
Element Pure fish waste water Nutrient solution based on
Fresh water Fish waste water
Mean (mg/l) min – max (mg/l) Mean (mg/l) Mean (mg/l)
NH4- N 24.2±20.8 0.05-64.1 0.7±0.9 7.0±9.0a
NO3-N 14.6±13.9 bld-42.7 111.3±19.4a
157.0±50.3b
P 8.0±5.0 0.06-15.8 67.2±34.9a
204.9±24.5b
K 30.2±16.7 3.2-69.1 60.0±34.9a
63.9±43.5a
Ca 89.3±20.1 54.2-119.8 165.0±21.1a
227.2±67.2b
Mg 13.9±2.4 9.2-19.3 109.9±27.7a
106.2±28.5a
S 38.5±8.9 15.3-50.4 216.8±62.5b
150.3±32.3a
Na 26.0±5.3 10.8-34.7 130.1±40.7a
126.9±38.7a
34. Table 8: Total yield, total fertilizer addition and fertilizer use efficiency
(FUE) caused by hydroponics and aquaponics
Hydroponics Aquaponics
Total yield per treatment (kg) 677.3 626.5
Mineral fertilizer addition (kg) 15.5(100%) 11.6(74.8%)
FUE (kg kg-1
) 43.7 54.0
35. Conclusions
Small scale aquaponic system is certainly the best solution for
growing organic vegetables at homes in crowded cities as the space
and water requirement for this system is less.
It is an eco-friendly technology which can be improvised and
made energy efficient at an individual’s convenience and pattern of
usage.
Results revealed that aquaponic system offers better results than
other media. This system can enhance the organic farming which
could be environmental friendly.
36. Double recirculating aquaponic system (DRAPS) with two
independent cycles provides the opportunity to produce equal
tomato yields compared to those obtained by conventionally used
hydroponic systems.
By Using DRAPS fertilizer use efficiency was also improved by
23.6%.
37. AQUAPONIC FUTURESCOPEAQUAPONIC FUTURESCOPE
All kinds of plants can be grown in this environment, though herbs
and leafy greens currently are the most common crop.
Aquaponics is suitable for environments with limited land.
In the future, aquaponics will continue to gain increased attention as
a bio-integrated food production system, an urban-friendly
technology.
38. Suhl, J., Dannehl, D., Kloas, W., Baganz, D., Jobs, S., Scheibe, G and Schmidt, U.
2016. Advanced aquaponics: evaluation of intensive tomato production in aquaponics
vs conventional hydroponics. Agricultural water management. 178:.335-344.
Rashmi, M., Sahana, G. V., Sruthi, V and Suganya, R. 2013. Small scale aquaponic
system. International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Technology.
4(10):975-980.
Salam, M. A., Prodhan, M. Y., Sayem, S. M and Islam, M. A. 2014. Comparitive
growth performances of taro plant in aquaponics vs other systems. International
Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies. 7(3):941-946.
Santos, M. J. P. L. D. 2016. Smart cities and urban areas – aquaponics as innovative
urban agriculture. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. 20:402-406.
Aquaponics Ideas Online. Nitrogen cycle from fish excretion in aquaponics system. 25
September 2014. http://aquaponicsideasonline.com/nitrogen-cycle-from-fish-
excretion-in-an-aquaponics-systems.
References
39. “The ultimate goal of farming is not the
growing of crops, but the cultivation and
perfection of human beings”
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