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Maintain Fish Water Quality Aquaponics
- 1. How to Maintain Fish Water Quality for Aquaponics With John Musser
- 2. John Musser has been raising and breeding Tilapia fish for over seven years. Some of the leading experts in the field all agree that they are among they finest they have seen in health, thickness, and even looks. John Musser was taught by one of America’s leading Tilapia fish scientist. John says, “if you can learn how to raise Tilapia fish and keep water quality you can use the same principles for Aquaponics and your system will flourish.” Special enhanced breed John is fighting to hold! Introduction Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org
- 3. Water Quality Water Testing What Fish Need in Water Aeration and Oxygen Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org
- 4. Water Quality for TilapiaWater Quality for Tilapia Fish breath oxygen and give off carbon dioxide. You can’t smell carbon dioxide. Fish without enough oxygen, or too much carbon dioxide gulp air from the surface of the tank. Make sure there is plenty of aeration and that there are not too many fish in a tank. Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org
- 5. Water Quality Testing We test for several different chemicals or conditions in the water. Ammonia Nitrite Nitrate pH Chlorine Temperature Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org
- 6. Ammonia Fish give off ammonia in their urine. Ammonia is toxic to fish Ammonia levels of more than 5 ppm can be deadly to most fish. Tilapia can tolerate higher ammonia levels, but it is unhealthy. Ammonia is broken down into Nitrite the bacteria in the bio-filter. Ammonia (NH3) is a gas under standard conditions and is highly soluble in water. It's also excreted as a waste product by fish and other aquatic animals. Three-fourths of the excreted ammonia leaves the body respiration and the remaining fourth is excreted in urine. Ammonia is highly toxic in very small quantities and a concentration of 0.25 parts per million (ppm) is sufficient to compromise the immune system of some species of fish. Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org Ammonia levels should always be 0!
- 7. Nitrite Nitrite is the product of ammonia being digested by bacteria in the water, on the skin of fish, and in the bio-filter. Nitrite is poisonous to fish at levels of 2.5 ppm. Nitrite is broken down by bacteria to form Nitrate Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org Nitrite levels should always be at 0 ppm.
- 8. Nitrate Water Quality for Tilapia Nitrate is formed by bacteria in the water, on the skin of fish and in the bio filter. Nitrate is a natural fertilizer, used by plants to make protein. Nitrate is non toxic in levels up to 80 ppm. Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org Nitrate range is best at 40 ppm or below!
- 9. pH TestingpH Testing pH indicates how acidic (sour) or basic (bitter) water is. pH ranges from 1 to 14. Pure water is pH 7 1-7 pH is acidic (sour) 7-14 is basic (bitter) In general, tilapia can survive in pH ranging from 5 to 10 but do best in a pH range of 6 to 9. Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org 7.6 - 8.3 range is good!
- 10. pH Testing pH above 10 or below 6 can be harmful to the fish. pH is changed by several factors: oxygen, carbon dioxide waste in the water and the quality of the source water. Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org
- 11. Chlorine My advice is either use well water or RV filters if you need to put water in right away! Otherwise let chlorinated water aerate in 55 gallon food grade barrel for a few hours. I prefer to do it over night. Chlorine is a killer of fish! Water Quality for Tilapia AESL sells almost everything seen in this presentation. If you need help please call or e-mail Jonathon at: 469-275-8652 or customers@aquaponicsandearth.org Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org
- 12. Temperature Tilapia are tropical fish and require warm water. Ideal temperature is around 85° Fahrenheit, 29.4° Celsius. Breeding occurs above 72° F (22.2° C) Death can occur below 55° F (12.8° C) Growth, health and breeding are all tied directly to temperature. KEEP YOUR FISH WARM! Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org
- 13. What Fish Need in Water Clean water Remove the waste Oxygen Light Food Movement Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org
- 14. Clean Water Clean water is not necessarily clear Clear water is not necessarily clean Carbon Dioxide, Nitrite and other polutants do not discolor water. Green water, while not clear is very healthy for fish, particularly Tilapia. Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org
- 15. Waste Removal Solid waste can foul the system, consume oxygen and change pH. Liquid wastes can be poisonous to the fish. Remove the water, either physically or automatically through plumbing Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org
- 16. Oxygen Tilapia prefer Oxygen levels above 5 ppm Can survive at less than1 ppm, but they will not thrive under constant low oxygen, and will eventually become sick and die. Ideally Oxygen levels will never drop below 3 Oxygen is introduced through several processes. Plant life Aeration Waves and cascades Degassing columns … All or a combination of these methods can be used to increase Oxygen levels. Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org
- 17. Light Tilapia require light to grow. Will not breed with less than 12 hours a day of light. Will not eat when there is no light. Light is also necessary for healthy green water and algae populations. Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org
- 18. Food Natural foods are algae, plants, small fish, and insects. Commercial floating pellets are balanced for maximum growth. Uneaten food can become waste and hurt the fish. Don’t let too many people feed fish. In fact it’s best to have one person in charge or a check list! This will ruin your system faster than anything and foul up your aquaponics system in a hurry. Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org
- 19. Water Movement Stagnant (still) water will become unhealthy. Moving water can help remove waste. Moving water increases Oxygen and removes Carbon Dioxide. Fish prefer moving water to still water. Water Quality for Tilapia Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org
- 20. Our use policy You may use this PowerPoint FREE of charge for any training as long as you keep everything in tack: all addresses, websites, copy write, etc. You may use it as a give away as long as it is kept just as you received it. The material is used to help orphanages become sustainable in the third world. Haiti is our big project right now. You may contact us anytime. Yours for sustainability! Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org
- 21. More trainings available! John Musser is considered a global expert in developing micro gardens using Tilapia fish waste and byproducts as the primary fertilizer. John Musser has requests from over 40 countries of the world including leading universities and major humanitarian organizations asking to help with food systems. Entire cities have requested his help. Teachings include: Developing cinder-block gardens Making homemade substrates and fertilizers in your back yard that will bring bumper crops. Backyard Aquaponics Breeding and caring for Tilapia fish And much more…. Aquaponics and Earth, 314 W. Belt Line Road, DeSoto, TX 75115 ● 469-275-8652 ● www.aquaponicsandearth.org
Editor's Notes
- Ammonia: http://www.thetropicaltank.co.uk/cycling2.htm The ammonia level should always be zero (that is, undetectable by conventional test kits) in a mature aquarium. Fish waste, uneaten food and decaying plant matter will all contribute to the level of ammonia in the tank. However, in a mature tank, there are usually enough ammonia-converting bacteria to ensure that it never rises to detectable levels. However, there are situations which may result in a temporary rise in ammonia levels, even in a mature tank. These include: Filter failure, or lack of maintenance Use of medications The addition of a large number of fish at the same time Over-feeding Over-enthusiastic cleaning of 'biological' filter media. In such circumstances, the bacterial population will need time to increase or recover to cope with the demand. If fish appear unwell, testing for the presence of ammonia should be a priority. The total ammonia in an aquarium will be present in two forms: ammonia (NH3) and the ammonium ion (NH4+). The proportion will depend mainly on pH, and to a lesser extent temperature. At alkaline pH, more of the ammonia will be present as the more toxic NH3, while at acidic pH, more of the less toxic ammonium (NH4) will be present. Ammonia poisoning is therefore more common at alkaline pH. Ammonia can cause damage at levels of only 0.1 ppm (which is below the level detected by many kits!). There may be haemorrhaging and destruction of mucus membranes, the gills are particularly likely to be damaged, and may appear reddened. As with nitrite poisoning, fish may apppear to gasp for air at the surface, and show rapid gill movement. Higher levels, of several ppm, can be fatal. In a mature aquarium, ammonia is oxidised by bacteria to form nitrites. The chemical reaction which occurs is shown below: NH4+ (ammonia) + 2 H2O (water) >>> NO2- (nitrite) + 8 H+ (hydrogen ions) For many years the bacteria responsible were thought to be Nitrasomonas species, but more recent research indicates that these bacteria may do little or nothing in freshwater aquaria, and that bacteria known as Nitrosococcus may be the true ammonia-oxidisers in our aquaria.
- Nitrite : http://www.thetropicaltank.co.uk/cycling2.htm The nitrite level should always be zero in a mature tank. A temporary rise in nitrite levels may be seen for the same reasons as listed for ammonia above. However, the nitrite spike may persist longer, so if there is a delay in testing after a problem has occurred, it is more likely that nitrite will be detected. A nitrite level of only 0.1 ppm could prove harmful if exposure is prolonged. Symptoms of nitrite poisoning include gasping and rapid gill movements, which could be mistaken for a shortage of oxygen. In extreme cases, fish can actually die of suffocation because nitrite binds to the oxygen-carrying component (haemoglobin) in the blood. In a mature aquarium, nitrite is oxidised by bacteria to form nitrate. The chemical reaction which occurs is shown below: NO 2 - (nitrite) + H 2 O (water) >>> NO 3 - (nitrate) + 2 H + (hydrogen ions) It was originally thought to be Nitrobacter species which were responsible for nitrite conversion to nitrate in aquaria, but again, recent research (by Dr. Timothy Hovanec and others) indicates a different group of bacteria - Nitrospira - are responsible.
- Checked the water test booklet. Says freshwater aquariums are best at 40 or below. Slide said non toxic in levels up to 800 but I changed it to 80ppm. Nitrate: http://www.thetropicaltank.co.uk/cycling2.htm In the past, nitrate was considered essentially harmless to fish; certainly it is far less toxic than ammonia or nitrite. It has been shown that levels of up to 1000 ppm may be required to cause death, but the effects of lower levels on long term health are not well understood. The sensitivity of different species to nitrate levels varies, and there may be long term effects on general health, growth and breeding ability. Generally, many aquarists seem to agree that keeping nitrates below 50 ppm is necessary to prevent any long-term effects on fish health, but below 25 ppm is more desirable. Remember that many fish may come from a natural environment where there is little or no detectable nitrate. Fish which have been aquarium bred for generations are more likely to tolerate nitrates.
- http://www.aquaponicsusa.com/Aquaponics_USA_Water.html Tilapia prefer a pH range of 7-8, which is on the alkaline side of the scale. But most Aquaponic farmers keep their pH levels between 6.8 and 7.0, which is a compromise for the fish and the plants as the plants prefer a more acidic environment. Drastic shifts in either direction can be lethal to both the fish and the plants. So watching pH levels is very important.
- http://www.aquaponicsusa.com/Aquaponics_USA_Water.html What’s the ideal Water Temperature? As I explained on The Fish page, the ideal water temperature is a variable that depends entirely on what fish species and what plants you are growing. Tilapia thrive in temperatures between 70-85 degrees F, but most Aquaponic farmers keep their Tilapia tanks between 72-74 degrees F, which is a compromise between the fish temperature requirements and the plant requirements. Aquaponics is a multi-faceted system in which one component effects one or more other components. Water temperature is a cross-affecting component. It affects the oxygen levels, the amount of unionized ammonia (ammonia not yet converted to nitrite ions) and the amount of salinity (salt) in the water. Warm water has less oxygen than cold water. It also has a greater proportion of unionized ammonia and more salinity than colder water.
- Temperature: 80-100°F, 85°F is optimal (Note: tilapia will slow their eating at 75°F, will become weak at 60°F and die at 50°F) Dissolved Oxygen: 5-7 ppm (parts per million) http://www.tilapia-farming.com/tag/ph/ PH: 7-7.5 Free Ammonia (not total ammonia): optimal=0, 2ppm will kill, 1ppm will slow growth. Nitrite: 0.3 mg/l or less Nitrate: 200-300 ppm CO2: 20 mg/l or less Chlorine: 0
- http://www.piclist.org/techref/other/pond/tilapia/oxygen.htm –very good notes- Just put into google the exact title and many articles will appear. Dissolved Oxygen is the most important environmental factor influencing health and productivity of farmed Tilapia . Low Oxygen level can result in fish mortality, reduced growth or act as a stressor so that fish have increased susceptibility to infection. There are important interrelationships between dissolved Oxygen , certain water quality variables and factors within the fish themselves that have implications for fish health. Any factor or conditions that reduces diffusion of Oxygen through the gill lamellae (all forms of gill disease), impairs Oxygen transport (anemia, nitrite toxicosis) or blocks oxidative metabolism (hydrogen sulfide toxicosis) will be exacerbated by low environmental dissolved Oxygen . If the culture water contains significant quantity of phytoplankton, the dissolved Oxygen level will usually fluctuate on a diurnal cycle. During periods of high sunlight, Oxygen is released into the water by phytoplankton as a byproduct of photosynthesis. Thus, dissolved Oxygen level will be greatest in the late afternoon and lowest just before sunrise. This feature largely explains why dissolved Oxygen deficiency kills occur mainly at night and, not uncommonly, with an onset in the early morning hours