The document provides information about various poetic devices and forms including rhyme scheme, alliteration, onomatopoeia, metaphor, personification, and sonnets. It also analyzes several poems including "The Eagle" by Tennyson, "Winter" by Shakespeare, "Shall I Compare Thee" by Shakespeare, and "Meeting at Night" by Browning, discussing their themes, tones, figures of speech, and forms. The document aims to define and explain key elements of poetry.

1. Appreciating
poetry

2. What is Poetry?
• Is an art form in which human language is used for
its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or instead of, its
notional and semantic content. It consists largely of
oral or literary works in which language is used in a
manner that is felt by its user and audience to differ
from ordinary prose.
• A piece of writing that expresses emotions,
experiences, and ideas, especially in short lines
using words that rhyme, forms, patterns of sounds,
imagery and figurative language to convey a
message.

3. Definitions
• Rhyme scheme: Is the pattern of rhyme that
comes at the end of each verse or line in poetry.
• Alliteration. Is the repetition of beginning sounds.
for example: Sally sells seashells. Walter
wondered where Winnie was.
• Onomatopoeia: Is a word that sounds like what it
is describing. Examples are: click, crash, boom

4. • Metaphor: Comparing two unlike things or ideas.
Examples are: The world is a stage, Time is money
• Personification :Is giving human qualities to non-
living things or ideas. Examples are: Snowflakes
danced, The flowers nodded
• Simile: A comparison using like or as :As blind as a
bat , she was shining like the sun.
• Paradox: Means contrary to expectations. a
paradox is a statement that contradicts itself
Example : I must be cruel to be kind.”

5. Definition
• Sonnet : A poem written in 14 lines which can
be broken down into 3 sections called
quatrains contain four lines each , and one
section called couplet, contains two lines only.
The rhyme scheme of a Shakespearean sonnet
is ABAB / CDCD / EFEF / GG .
• Synecdoche: in which a part of something
represents the whole or it may use a whole to
represent a part.

6. Denotation: It is the literal meaning of a word.
The exact meaning of a word, without the feeling
or suggestions that the word may imply .It is the
opposite of "connotation" in that it is the
"dictionary" meaning of a word, without attached
feelings or associations.
Denotation allows the reader to know the exact
meaning of a word so that he or she will better
understand the work of literature.

7. Connotation : Associations and implications that go
beyond the literal meaning of a word , which derive from
how the word has been commonly used and the
associations people make with it.
Connotations relate not to a word's actual meaning , or
denotation , but rather to the ideas or qualities that are
implied by that word. Connotation is the range of
secondary or associated significances and feelings which it
commonly suggests or implies.

8. Their function
To create fresher ideas and images so that
adds deeper levels of meanings to common
and ordinary words.

9. poems

10. The Eagle
by Alfred, Lord Tennyson.
• Paraphrasing.
• Figures of speach.
• The tone.
• The form.
• Rhyme scheme. AAA BBB
• Theme.
Natural world :
The eagle lives in a place that cannot be easily reached by human beings, and the speaker
is definitely aware of this. The poem imagines what the eagle's world is like, and by
extension imagines a world without people. Still, the speaker can only describe the
landscape using human or human-like attributes. "The Eagle" is a classic case of a nature
poem that ends up being just as much about the person describing the scenery as
anything else.

11. Winter
by William Shakespeare.
• Figures of speach.
• The tone.
• Rhyme scheme : ABABCCDEF, ABABCCDEF
• Theme:
Man and the Natural World : "Winter" is in many ways a nature poem; there
are owls and birds and descriptions of winter scenes (icicles, snow).
But it's not just about some frozen forest, but about what people do in this
winter wonderland. It's about how humans make their way through the
bleakest time of the year. Although , life's basic necessities (milk, water, blood)
are frozen or chilled, but people manage to overcome nature's lack of
hospitality and soldier on.

12. Shall I Compare Thee
by : William Shakespeare.
• Paraphrasing.
• The form.
• Rhyme scheme: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG
• Theme:
Love and Immortality:
His lover is more beautiful and desirable than "a summer's day" because
even such a wonderful season like summer has its flip side-it's too short
and sometimes too hot. He concludes by saying that he
wishes to immortalize the beauty of his lover in his poetry.
since all human beings will die, the only way to immortalize
a human being is by praising him in excellent verse
which the future generations will always read.
Shakespeare compares his lover to "eternal summer" and he has
immortalized his lover in his sonnet 18

13. Meeting at Night
by: Robert Browning.
• Paraphrasing.
• The tone.
• The form.
• Rhyme scheme: ABCCBA , ABCCBA.
• Theme :
•Love and Perseverance :
The speaker argues for the power of love by insisting upon his
ability to conquer all that separates him from his lover.
Time, distance, and even the lovers’ “joys and fears” cannot stand
in his way and are not important once the two are together.
"Meeting at Night" isn't only about secret love affairs. It's about
the lengths we go to satisfy our passions, the obstacles we're
willing to overcome.

14. By considering that Browning had only recent
wed Elizabeth Barrett Browning after
a courtship that they had to keep secret from
her oppressive father. Many scholars
see in it a representation of this courtship.

15. I wandered lonely
by: William Wordsworth
• The tone. It changes from the beginning to the end. The poem begins with sadness
and agony but in the end it has been changed to happiness and joy.
• Figures of speach.
1

16. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge
presented and illustrated a liberating aesthetic: poetry
should express, in genuine language, experience as
filtered through personal emotion and imagination; the
truest experience was to be found in nature
Wordsworth lived in a part of England known as the
Lake District, which is filled with lots of hills, valleys
and, of course, lakes. We can assume he’s walking in a
fairly remote and wild part of the countryside
2

17. The Road Not Taken.
By: Robert Frost
• Paraphrasing.
• Figures of speach.
• The form. Rhyme scheme “The Road Not Taken” consists of four stanzas
of five lines. The rhyme scheme is ABAAB; .
• Theme
Choices :
We cannot determine what particular
choice the poet had in mind , if any , and it is not
important that we do so .It is enough if we see in
the poem an expression of regret that the
possibilities of life experience are so sharply limited and
how each choice narrows the range of possible future
choices , so that we make our lives as we go , both freely
choosing and being determined by past choices

18. Loveliest of Trees
By: Alfred Edward Houseman
• Paraphrasing.
• Figures of speech.
• The form. Rhyme scheme: The poem is comprised of
three quatrains, each of which in turn is comprised of
two rhyming couplets. The regular rhyme scheme of
AABB CCDD EEFF—

19. Stopping by Woods in a Snowy Evening
BY ROBERT FROST
The form : The poem is made up of four stanzas, "Rubaiyat" is a beautiful
Persian word for "quatrain," which means a stanza composed of four lines.
Rhyme scheme
Figures of speech:
- My little horse must think it queer (personification) the poet gives the horse
an ability of thinking like human.
- He gives his harness bells a shake (personification) the poet personifies the
horse by giving it the ability of acting consciously (shaking its bells to warn the
man) he also uses the pronounce he .
- sound's the sweep (alliteration) here we find a repetition of the sound s
- The woods are lovely, dark, and deep (metaphor) he uses the woods as a
metaphor for dark and pessimistic thoughts.
- And miles to go before I sleep (metaphor ) by this way he matches sleeping
with death .

20. The theme : Death
It seems that the narrator is contemplating death on this "darkest night of the
year." Not that he is thinking about ending his own life, but he feels the lure of
death that will be there later for him. Death looks to him "lovely, dark, and
deep." Not scary, not grim, but rather welcoming, almost a relief.
But it is not yet his time, for he has connections with other people, "promises
to keep" and a long way to go before the end finally comes..."miles to go
before I sleep." Yet, it feels like he is comforted by the thought of the end in
the distance. One day, sure, but not right now.

21. Since There's No Help
By Michael Drayton
• Figures of speach
• The tone
• The form
• Rhyme scheme:
Michael Drayton
Drayton as a youth became page to Sir Henry Goodere of
Polesworth. He fell in love with Sir Henry's daughter,
Anne, and worshipped her as 'Idea' in his poetry. Even
after her marriage to Sir Henry Rainford he continued to
celebrate her charms in verse, and he never married.