This document provides an overview of microspheres, including their types, methods of preparation, characterization, and applications. Microspheres are solid particles between 1-1000 μm in diameter that can be used to deliver drugs in a controlled manner. There are different types of microspheres including bioadhesive, magnetic, floating, and radioactive microspheres. Microspheres are prepared using various techniques and characterized through methods like particle size analysis. Microspheres offer benefits like controlled drug release and targeting specific sites in the body, making them useful for various pharmaceutical and medical applications.
A Review on Microspheres Types, Method of Preparation, Characterization and A...ijtsrd
What you want altered should go here. then press the One innovative drug delivery method that offers a therapeutic improvement over traditional or immediate release single unit dose forms is the use of microspheres. Microspheres are solid objects with diameters ranging from 1 to 1000 m. The various varieties of microsphere are described. These microspheres are manufactured and either directly compressed or filled with firm gelatin. When compared to conventional dosage forms, the microspheres that are made using different techniques have varying efficacy and methods of administration. Different techniques that analyse the microspheres quality will be used to evaluate the microsphere. The microspheres that will play a key role in future innovative medicine delivery. click the button below. Its that simple Navnath Jagtap | Prof. Santosh Waghmare | Dr. Hemant Kamble "A Review on Microspheres: Types, Method of Preparation, Characterization and Application" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52299.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/52299/a-review-on-microspheres-types-method-of-preparation-characterization-and-application/navnath-jagtap
The drug delivery technology has become vastly competitive and rapidly evolving. More and more developments in delivery systems are being assimilated to elevate the efficacy and cost effectiveness of the therapy. To govern the delivery rate of active pharmaceutical agents to a predetermined site inside the body has been one of the biggest challenges faced by the drug industry. Microsponge releases its active pharmaceutical ingredient in a time mode and also in response to other stimuli rubbing, temperature, pH, etc. . Microsponge drug delivery technology offers entrapment of active pharmaceutical ingredients and is believed to contribute towards reduced side effects, improved stability, increased elegance, and enhanced formulation flexibility. In addition, number of studies have confirmed that microsponges systems are non irritating, non mutagenic, non allergenic, and non toxic. Microsponge technology is being used currently in a wide range of formulations. Prajakta Shinde | Nilesh Bhosle | Vijay Munde "Microsponge: An Aeon in Therapeutics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31840.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacoinformatics/31840/microsponge-an-aeon-in-therapeutics/prajakta-shinde
This document discusses microspheres, which are defined as solid spherical particles containing dispersed drug. Microspheres can be used for controlled drug release applications to reduce side effects and eliminate repeated injections. They have various advantages including flexibility in design and improved safety. The document discusses the types of microspheres including fluorescent, glass, and paramagnetic microspheres. It also discusses the preparation methods, routes of administration including oral and parenteral, mechanisms of drug release, applications, and evaluation of microspheres.
This document discusses microspheres, which are defined as solid spherical particles containing dispersed drug. Microspheres can be used for controlled drug release applications to reduce side effects and eliminate repeated injections. They have various advantages including flexibility in design and improved safety. The document discusses the types of microspheres including fluorescent, glass, and paramagnetic microspheres. It also discusses the preparation methods, materials used, routes of administration including oral and parenteral, mechanisms of drug release, applications, and evaluation of microspheres.
Microspheres are tiny spherical particles that can be used to deliver drugs to specific sites in the body. They offer advantages over traditional drug delivery like targeted delivery and improved bioavailability. Microspheres are made of polymers, lipids or ceramics and can release drugs over extended periods. They have applications in cancer treatment by delivering chemo drugs directly to tumors and in vaccines by enhancing immune response. Manufacturing microspheres is complex and involves processes like spray drying or emulsion solvent evaporation. Regulatory approval and scaling up production present challenges to the technology.
This document presents an overview of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) for herbal medicines. NDDS aim to improve drug efficacy, stability, targeting, and bioavailability. The report discusses several NDDS approaches including liposomes, niosomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, dendrimers, phytosomes, and transdermal drug delivery systems. Each system offers advantages like enhanced absorption, sustained release, and reduced toxicity. NDDS have significant potential to improve herbal medicine formulations by protecting active compounds and increasing therapeutic effects.
The document discusses microencapsulation technology. Microencapsulation is the process of coating solid or liquid particles with a polymeric film, producing microcapsules in the micrometer to millimeter range. It can protect active materials, stabilize them, and control their release. Many biodegradable polymers have been used for microencapsulation in drug delivery due to their biocompatibility and ability to achieve targeted and on-demand release. Continuous research is needed to design optimal drug delivery systems using microencapsulation and address issues with techniques and material selection.
Microspheres and microcapsules are spherical particles ranging from 1 μm to 1000 μm in diameter that can be used to encapsulate drugs for controlled release. Microspheres contain drug distributed throughout while microcapsules contain drug enclosed within a coating. Various natural and synthetic polymers are used to prepare microspheres and microcapsules through techniques like solvent evaporation, emulsion polymerization, and coacervation. Microspheres and microcapsules offer benefits like sustained drug release, targeted drug delivery, and reduced dosing frequency. They are evaluated based on particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and other physicochemical properties.
A Review on Microspheres Types, Method of Preparation, Characterization and A...ijtsrd
What you want altered should go here. then press the One innovative drug delivery method that offers a therapeutic improvement over traditional or immediate release single unit dose forms is the use of microspheres. Microspheres are solid objects with diameters ranging from 1 to 1000 m. The various varieties of microsphere are described. These microspheres are manufactured and either directly compressed or filled with firm gelatin. When compared to conventional dosage forms, the microspheres that are made using different techniques have varying efficacy and methods of administration. Different techniques that analyse the microspheres quality will be used to evaluate the microsphere. The microspheres that will play a key role in future innovative medicine delivery. click the button below. Its that simple Navnath Jagtap | Prof. Santosh Waghmare | Dr. Hemant Kamble "A Review on Microspheres: Types, Method of Preparation, Characterization and Application" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52299.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/52299/a-review-on-microspheres-types-method-of-preparation-characterization-and-application/navnath-jagtap
The drug delivery technology has become vastly competitive and rapidly evolving. More and more developments in delivery systems are being assimilated to elevate the efficacy and cost effectiveness of the therapy. To govern the delivery rate of active pharmaceutical agents to a predetermined site inside the body has been one of the biggest challenges faced by the drug industry. Microsponge releases its active pharmaceutical ingredient in a time mode and also in response to other stimuli rubbing, temperature, pH, etc. . Microsponge drug delivery technology offers entrapment of active pharmaceutical ingredients and is believed to contribute towards reduced side effects, improved stability, increased elegance, and enhanced formulation flexibility. In addition, number of studies have confirmed that microsponges systems are non irritating, non mutagenic, non allergenic, and non toxic. Microsponge technology is being used currently in a wide range of formulations. Prajakta Shinde | Nilesh Bhosle | Vijay Munde "Microsponge: An Aeon in Therapeutics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31840.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacoinformatics/31840/microsponge-an-aeon-in-therapeutics/prajakta-shinde
This document discusses microspheres, which are defined as solid spherical particles containing dispersed drug. Microspheres can be used for controlled drug release applications to reduce side effects and eliminate repeated injections. They have various advantages including flexibility in design and improved safety. The document discusses the types of microspheres including fluorescent, glass, and paramagnetic microspheres. It also discusses the preparation methods, routes of administration including oral and parenteral, mechanisms of drug release, applications, and evaluation of microspheres.
This document discusses microspheres, which are defined as solid spherical particles containing dispersed drug. Microspheres can be used for controlled drug release applications to reduce side effects and eliminate repeated injections. They have various advantages including flexibility in design and improved safety. The document discusses the types of microspheres including fluorescent, glass, and paramagnetic microspheres. It also discusses the preparation methods, materials used, routes of administration including oral and parenteral, mechanisms of drug release, applications, and evaluation of microspheres.
Microspheres are tiny spherical particles that can be used to deliver drugs to specific sites in the body. They offer advantages over traditional drug delivery like targeted delivery and improved bioavailability. Microspheres are made of polymers, lipids or ceramics and can release drugs over extended periods. They have applications in cancer treatment by delivering chemo drugs directly to tumors and in vaccines by enhancing immune response. Manufacturing microspheres is complex and involves processes like spray drying or emulsion solvent evaporation. Regulatory approval and scaling up production present challenges to the technology.
This document presents an overview of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) for herbal medicines. NDDS aim to improve drug efficacy, stability, targeting, and bioavailability. The report discusses several NDDS approaches including liposomes, niosomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, dendrimers, phytosomes, and transdermal drug delivery systems. Each system offers advantages like enhanced absorption, sustained release, and reduced toxicity. NDDS have significant potential to improve herbal medicine formulations by protecting active compounds and increasing therapeutic effects.
The document discusses microencapsulation technology. Microencapsulation is the process of coating solid or liquid particles with a polymeric film, producing microcapsules in the micrometer to millimeter range. It can protect active materials, stabilize them, and control their release. Many biodegradable polymers have been used for microencapsulation in drug delivery due to their biocompatibility and ability to achieve targeted and on-demand release. Continuous research is needed to design optimal drug delivery systems using microencapsulation and address issues with techniques and material selection.
Microspheres and microcapsules are spherical particles ranging from 1 μm to 1000 μm in diameter that can be used to encapsulate drugs for controlled release. Microspheres contain drug distributed throughout while microcapsules contain drug enclosed within a coating. Various natural and synthetic polymers are used to prepare microspheres and microcapsules through techniques like solvent evaporation, emulsion polymerization, and coacervation. Microspheres and microcapsules offer benefits like sustained drug release, targeted drug delivery, and reduced dosing frequency. They are evaluated based on particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and other physicochemical properties.
The document discusses magnetic microspheres, which are microparticles that can be guided to target sites in the body using external magnetic fields. They are typically made of polymers and magnetite. Methods for producing them include solvent evaporation and phase separation emulsion polymerization. Magnetic microspheres offer advantages like controlled drug release and reduced toxicity. They can be used to deliver drugs, vaccines, and antigens to specific areas for localized treatment. Characterization techniques evaluate their size, shape, composition and drug release profiles. Magnetic targeting allows microspheres to accumulate drugs at disease sites while avoiding uptake by the reticuloendothelial system.
“Microparticles are defined as particulate dispersions or solid particles with a size in the range of 1-1000 μm.”
The drug is dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated or attached to a microparticle matrix.
Nanogels are particles composed of physically or chemically cross linked polymer networks that expand in an appropriate solvent. Nanogels are hydrophilic three dimensional networks. Due to their relatively high drug encapsulation ability, consistency, tunable size, effortless preparation, negligible toxicity, and stability in the presence of serum, including stimuli responsiveness, these studies integrate characteristics for topical drug delivery. These are soluble in water and permit immediate drug loading in aqueous media. These are created using a vast array of methods, including photolithographic technique, membrane emulsification, and polymerization methods. Due to the entrapment of nanoparticles in the gel matrix, nanogels used as dermatological preparations have prolonged exposure times on the skin, thereby extending the duration of therapeutic efficacy. B. Karthikeyan | G. Alagumanivasagam "A Review on Nanogels" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57514.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/pharmacy/other/57514/a-review-on-nanogels/b-karthikeyan
This document provides an overview of novel drug delivery systems for herbal drugs. It discusses 8 types of novel herbal formulations: phytosomes, nanoemulsions, ethosomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, carbon nanotubes, niosomes, and hydrogels. Each formulation is described in terms of its structure, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Phytosomes, for example, enhance absorption of herbal extracts and have been used to deliver liver-protectant flavonoids. Nanoemulsions can be taken by enteric route and used for cosmetic preparations. Nanoparticles are used to improve bioavailability and target drug delivery.
Novel Herbal Drug Microsphere Types of Preparation Characterization and Appli...ijtsrd
Microparticals are also known as microspheres. The free flowing protein based powder that makes up microspheres typically has a particle size range of 1 1000um. The microsphere are a cutting edge alternative to conventional or immediate release single unit dosage forms for effective therapeutic drug delivery. The efficiency of the microsphere that are created using various methods that are modified, as well as the administration of the dosage form, are compared to traditional Form. The dose of the microsphere will be assessed using two separate techniques waxe containing, and hot melt. Techniques for spray drying, solvent evaporation, and pre petition. Freeze Drying, lonic gelain method. The microsphere will get central place in novel novel drug delivery manufacture. 1 Nilesh Gavali | Radhika Kotme "Novel Herbal Drug Microsphere Types of Preparation Characterization and Application: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52410.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/52410/novel-herbal-drug-microsphere-types-of-preparation-characterization-and-application-a-review/nilesh-gavali
Formulation and evaluation of rosiglitazone nanosuspensionSriramNagarajan19
The main aim of this study is to formulate and evaluate Rosiglitazone Nano suspension. Nano suspensions are colloidal dispersion of Nano sized drug particles stabilized by surfactants. They can also be defined as a biphasic system consisting of pure drug particles dispersed in an aqueous vehicle in which the diameter of the suspended particle is less than 1micro meter in size. Rosiglitazone is an oral rapid and short –acting anti-diabetic drug from the sulfonylurea class. It is classified as a second generation sulfonylurea, which means that it undergoes enter hepatic circulation. Rosiglitazone Nano suspension was prepared by precipitation technique. After preparation of Nano suspension various characterization studies were done such as drug content, %yield, FTIR, DSC, TEM, and Invitro drug release.PVPK30,polaxomer are used as stabilizers. From the dissolution study F4 formulation which containts PVPK30 as stabilizer was considered as optimized formulation. It showed maximum drug release at 30min.FTIR and DSC studies revealed that good stability in dispersion.
MICROSPONGE: A NOVEL APPROACH IN GASTRO-RETENTION DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (GRDDS)Snehal Patel
Oral controlled release dosage forms face several physiological restriction like inability to retain and position the controlled drug delivery system within the targeted region of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) due to fluctuation in gastric emptying. This results in non‑uniform absorption pattern, inadequate medication release and shorter residence time of the dosage form in the stomach. As the fallout of this episode there is inadequate absorption of the drug having absorption window predominantly, in the upper area of GIT. These contemplations have provoked to the development of oral controlled release dosage forms with gastroretentive properties. Microsponge hold certification as one of the potential approaches for gastric retention. Microsponge are porous spherical empty particles without core and can remain in the gastric region for delayed periods. They significantly increase the gastric residence time of medication, thereby enhance bioavailability, improves patient compliance by reducing dosing frequency, lessen the medication waste, enhance retention of medication which solubilize only in stomach, enhance solubility for medications that are less soluble at a higher pH environment. In the present review method of preparation, characterization, advantages, disadvantages and applications of floating microsponge are discussed. Please cite
o Implantable drug delivery systems provide controlled release of drugs over long periods of time and offer advantages like improved patient compliance, targeted drug delivery, and decreased side effects. Microparticulate implants in particular are a promising approach for sustained release of drugs like proteins and peptides. They can be prepared using various methods and provide controlled drug release for months to years through diffusion or polymer degradation mechanisms. While offering benefits over surgical implants, microparticulate systems have limitations including initial burst release and potential local toxicity, but remain an important area of research for prolonged parenteral drug delivery.
Microspheres are solid spherical particles ranging from 1-1000μm that are used for drug delivery. They can be made of proteins or synthetic polymers. There are two main types - microcapsules which have a core and coating, and micromatrices which have a drug dispersed throughout the polymer matrix. Microspheres offer advantages like reduced dosing, constant drug levels, and protection of drugs. They are made using methods like solvent evaporation, emulsion techniques, and polymerization. Microspheres find applications in delivery to sites like the eyes, oral cavity, skin and more. Evaluation involves analyzing size, shape, drug content and release kinetics.
Microencapsulation Unit 2 Novel Drug Delivery SystemShubhangiKhade7
This document provides information about microencapsulation including definitions, advantages, disadvantages, types of microparticles, and methods of encapsulation. Microencapsulation is defined as enclosing solids, liquids, or gases within a polymeric coating to form microparticles 1-1000 μm in size. Common methods include spray drying, solvent evaporation, pan coating, and fluidized bed coating. Microencapsulation can provide environmental protection, control release rates, and mask unpleasant tastes. It has applications in fields like drug delivery, agriculture, and food technology.
1. Magnetic microspheres are small spherical particles that can be used for drug delivery and targeting. They allow for controlled and targeted release of drugs.
2. There are various methods for producing magnetic microspheres, including emulsion-solvent evaporation and phase separation techniques. Different polymers and materials can be used.
3. Magnetic microspheres must be thoroughly characterized, including analyzing particle size, surface morphology, drug content, release properties, and other factors. This ensures safety and predictable performance. Magnetic microspheres show promise for improving drug therapies.
Microparticles Loaded Gel Drug delivery system of Lornoxicam for the Effectiv...Raveendra Kumar Vidyarthi
LORXNOXICAM is an NSAIDs and having short duration of half life. The transdermal gel was prepared by incorporating lornoxicam loaded microparticles into a stablized gel base.
This document discusses microspheres and microencapsulation. It was submitted by Debasish Deka for his M. Pharm degree under the guidance of Ananta Choudhury. It covers the introduction, advantages, limitations, types (e.g. bioadhesive, magnetic, floating), methods of preparation (e.g. solvent evaporation, spray drying), evaluation, and applications of microspheres in pharmaceutical industry (e.g. buccal drug delivery, intratumoral delivery). Microencapsulation is also introduced as enclosing solids, liquids or gases in microscopic particles through thin coatings, with origins in the 1930s business machines industry.
1. Cefdinir microspheres were formulated using an emulsion solvent evaporation method to improve the drug's therapeutic efficacy by increasing its biological half-life and providing controlled release.
2. Microspheres of different drug to polymer ratios were produced and evaluated for particle size, drug loading, and in vitro drug release. Higher polymer ratios led to larger particle sizes and increased drug loading.
3. In vitro drug release studies showed all microsphere formulations provided sustained release over 12-20 hours, with an initial burst release of 60% of the drug within 5-10 hours, followed by slow release of the remaining drug over the study period. This biphasic release profile could achieve therapeutic drug levels while maintaining
Microspheres are small spherical particles used for controlled drug delivery. They can be made from either synthetic or natural polymers and loaded with drugs through various techniques. The drug is then released from the microspheres through diffusion, degradation of the polymer, or other mechanisms over an extended time period. Microspheres offer benefits over conventional drug therapy such as reduced dosing frequency and fewer side effects by targeting drug delivery.
Content:
Introduction
Ideal Properties
Advantages
Limitations
Types of Microsphere
Method for Preparation
Polymer Used for Preparation
Release of Drug from Microsphere
Application
This document discusses microparticulate drug delivery systems. It defines microparticles as particles ranging from 1 micron to a few millimeters that can encapsulate drugs. Microparticles provide benefits like protecting drugs from the environment, sustained drug release, and targeted delivery. The document discusses microparticle morphology, important features, advantages, disadvantages, applications, release mechanisms, preparation techniques including emulsion polymerization, and factors influencing encapsulation. It concludes that these delivery systems offer benefits over conventional dosage forms like improved efficacy, reduced toxicity, and patient compliance.
Nanoparticles consists of organic and inorganic materials. Nanocrystals are aggregates of atoms that combine into a “cluster” and are pure drug crystals with sizes in the nanometer range stabilized or surrounded by a thin coating of surfactant. Todays nanocrystal formulation preparation method characterised as “bottom up” “top down” and “bottom up” spray drying methods. The majority of nanocrystal medicinal products are presently approved for oral ingestion and treatment of disorders other than cancer. Smurti Magar | Prof. Santosh Waghmare | Dr. Hemant Kamble "Nanocrystals-As Drug Delivery System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49563.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/49563/nanocrystalsas-drug-delivery-system/smurti-magar
Bushra_siddiqui M. Pharm (Hydrogel drug delivery system) _20240119_194526_000...BushrASiddiqui63
Introduction about hydrogel durg delivery system, with design criteria and techniques, mechanism, application, current tends.
How it's mechanism work in controlled drug delivery system.
Protein and peptide drugs can be delivered through various routes including parenteral, oral, buccal, nasal, transdermal, pulmonary, rectal, ocular, and vaginal administration. Various drug delivery systems are used to protect proteins from degradation and control release over time. These include microencapsulation, polymeric scaffolds, liposomes, magnetic targeting, and hydrogels. Recent advances provide more effective noninvasive delivery methods for these therapeutic compounds.
The document discusses magnetic microspheres, which are microparticles that can be guided to target sites in the body using external magnetic fields. They are typically made of polymers and magnetite. Methods for producing them include solvent evaporation and phase separation emulsion polymerization. Magnetic microspheres offer advantages like controlled drug release and reduced toxicity. They can be used to deliver drugs, vaccines, and antigens to specific areas for localized treatment. Characterization techniques evaluate their size, shape, composition and drug release profiles. Magnetic targeting allows microspheres to accumulate drugs at disease sites while avoiding uptake by the reticuloendothelial system.
“Microparticles are defined as particulate dispersions or solid particles with a size in the range of 1-1000 μm.”
The drug is dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated or attached to a microparticle matrix.
Nanogels are particles composed of physically or chemically cross linked polymer networks that expand in an appropriate solvent. Nanogels are hydrophilic three dimensional networks. Due to their relatively high drug encapsulation ability, consistency, tunable size, effortless preparation, negligible toxicity, and stability in the presence of serum, including stimuli responsiveness, these studies integrate characteristics for topical drug delivery. These are soluble in water and permit immediate drug loading in aqueous media. These are created using a vast array of methods, including photolithographic technique, membrane emulsification, and polymerization methods. Due to the entrapment of nanoparticles in the gel matrix, nanogels used as dermatological preparations have prolonged exposure times on the skin, thereby extending the duration of therapeutic efficacy. B. Karthikeyan | G. Alagumanivasagam "A Review on Nanogels" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57514.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/pharmacy/other/57514/a-review-on-nanogels/b-karthikeyan
This document provides an overview of novel drug delivery systems for herbal drugs. It discusses 8 types of novel herbal formulations: phytosomes, nanoemulsions, ethosomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, carbon nanotubes, niosomes, and hydrogels. Each formulation is described in terms of its structure, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Phytosomes, for example, enhance absorption of herbal extracts and have been used to deliver liver-protectant flavonoids. Nanoemulsions can be taken by enteric route and used for cosmetic preparations. Nanoparticles are used to improve bioavailability and target drug delivery.
Novel Herbal Drug Microsphere Types of Preparation Characterization and Appli...ijtsrd
Microparticals are also known as microspheres. The free flowing protein based powder that makes up microspheres typically has a particle size range of 1 1000um. The microsphere are a cutting edge alternative to conventional or immediate release single unit dosage forms for effective therapeutic drug delivery. The efficiency of the microsphere that are created using various methods that are modified, as well as the administration of the dosage form, are compared to traditional Form. The dose of the microsphere will be assessed using two separate techniques waxe containing, and hot melt. Techniques for spray drying, solvent evaporation, and pre petition. Freeze Drying, lonic gelain method. The microsphere will get central place in novel novel drug delivery manufacture. 1 Nilesh Gavali | Radhika Kotme "Novel Herbal Drug Microsphere Types of Preparation Characterization and Application: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52410.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/52410/novel-herbal-drug-microsphere-types-of-preparation-characterization-and-application-a-review/nilesh-gavali
Formulation and evaluation of rosiglitazone nanosuspensionSriramNagarajan19
The main aim of this study is to formulate and evaluate Rosiglitazone Nano suspension. Nano suspensions are colloidal dispersion of Nano sized drug particles stabilized by surfactants. They can also be defined as a biphasic system consisting of pure drug particles dispersed in an aqueous vehicle in which the diameter of the suspended particle is less than 1micro meter in size. Rosiglitazone is an oral rapid and short –acting anti-diabetic drug from the sulfonylurea class. It is classified as a second generation sulfonylurea, which means that it undergoes enter hepatic circulation. Rosiglitazone Nano suspension was prepared by precipitation technique. After preparation of Nano suspension various characterization studies were done such as drug content, %yield, FTIR, DSC, TEM, and Invitro drug release.PVPK30,polaxomer are used as stabilizers. From the dissolution study F4 formulation which containts PVPK30 as stabilizer was considered as optimized formulation. It showed maximum drug release at 30min.FTIR and DSC studies revealed that good stability in dispersion.
MICROSPONGE: A NOVEL APPROACH IN GASTRO-RETENTION DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (GRDDS)Snehal Patel
Oral controlled release dosage forms face several physiological restriction like inability to retain and position the controlled drug delivery system within the targeted region of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) due to fluctuation in gastric emptying. This results in non‑uniform absorption pattern, inadequate medication release and shorter residence time of the dosage form in the stomach. As the fallout of this episode there is inadequate absorption of the drug having absorption window predominantly, in the upper area of GIT. These contemplations have provoked to the development of oral controlled release dosage forms with gastroretentive properties. Microsponge hold certification as one of the potential approaches for gastric retention. Microsponge are porous spherical empty particles without core and can remain in the gastric region for delayed periods. They significantly increase the gastric residence time of medication, thereby enhance bioavailability, improves patient compliance by reducing dosing frequency, lessen the medication waste, enhance retention of medication which solubilize only in stomach, enhance solubility for medications that are less soluble at a higher pH environment. In the present review method of preparation, characterization, advantages, disadvantages and applications of floating microsponge are discussed. Please cite
o Implantable drug delivery systems provide controlled release of drugs over long periods of time and offer advantages like improved patient compliance, targeted drug delivery, and decreased side effects. Microparticulate implants in particular are a promising approach for sustained release of drugs like proteins and peptides. They can be prepared using various methods and provide controlled drug release for months to years through diffusion or polymer degradation mechanisms. While offering benefits over surgical implants, microparticulate systems have limitations including initial burst release and potential local toxicity, but remain an important area of research for prolonged parenteral drug delivery.
Microspheres are solid spherical particles ranging from 1-1000μm that are used for drug delivery. They can be made of proteins or synthetic polymers. There are two main types - microcapsules which have a core and coating, and micromatrices which have a drug dispersed throughout the polymer matrix. Microspheres offer advantages like reduced dosing, constant drug levels, and protection of drugs. They are made using methods like solvent evaporation, emulsion techniques, and polymerization. Microspheres find applications in delivery to sites like the eyes, oral cavity, skin and more. Evaluation involves analyzing size, shape, drug content and release kinetics.
Microencapsulation Unit 2 Novel Drug Delivery SystemShubhangiKhade7
This document provides information about microencapsulation including definitions, advantages, disadvantages, types of microparticles, and methods of encapsulation. Microencapsulation is defined as enclosing solids, liquids, or gases within a polymeric coating to form microparticles 1-1000 μm in size. Common methods include spray drying, solvent evaporation, pan coating, and fluidized bed coating. Microencapsulation can provide environmental protection, control release rates, and mask unpleasant tastes. It has applications in fields like drug delivery, agriculture, and food technology.
1. Magnetic microspheres are small spherical particles that can be used for drug delivery and targeting. They allow for controlled and targeted release of drugs.
2. There are various methods for producing magnetic microspheres, including emulsion-solvent evaporation and phase separation techniques. Different polymers and materials can be used.
3. Magnetic microspheres must be thoroughly characterized, including analyzing particle size, surface morphology, drug content, release properties, and other factors. This ensures safety and predictable performance. Magnetic microspheres show promise for improving drug therapies.
Microparticles Loaded Gel Drug delivery system of Lornoxicam for the Effectiv...Raveendra Kumar Vidyarthi
LORXNOXICAM is an NSAIDs and having short duration of half life. The transdermal gel was prepared by incorporating lornoxicam loaded microparticles into a stablized gel base.
This document discusses microspheres and microencapsulation. It was submitted by Debasish Deka for his M. Pharm degree under the guidance of Ananta Choudhury. It covers the introduction, advantages, limitations, types (e.g. bioadhesive, magnetic, floating), methods of preparation (e.g. solvent evaporation, spray drying), evaluation, and applications of microspheres in pharmaceutical industry (e.g. buccal drug delivery, intratumoral delivery). Microencapsulation is also introduced as enclosing solids, liquids or gases in microscopic particles through thin coatings, with origins in the 1930s business machines industry.
1. Cefdinir microspheres were formulated using an emulsion solvent evaporation method to improve the drug's therapeutic efficacy by increasing its biological half-life and providing controlled release.
2. Microspheres of different drug to polymer ratios were produced and evaluated for particle size, drug loading, and in vitro drug release. Higher polymer ratios led to larger particle sizes and increased drug loading.
3. In vitro drug release studies showed all microsphere formulations provided sustained release over 12-20 hours, with an initial burst release of 60% of the drug within 5-10 hours, followed by slow release of the remaining drug over the study period. This biphasic release profile could achieve therapeutic drug levels while maintaining
Microspheres are small spherical particles used for controlled drug delivery. They can be made from either synthetic or natural polymers and loaded with drugs through various techniques. The drug is then released from the microspheres through diffusion, degradation of the polymer, or other mechanisms over an extended time period. Microspheres offer benefits over conventional drug therapy such as reduced dosing frequency and fewer side effects by targeting drug delivery.
Content:
Introduction
Ideal Properties
Advantages
Limitations
Types of Microsphere
Method for Preparation
Polymer Used for Preparation
Release of Drug from Microsphere
Application
This document discusses microparticulate drug delivery systems. It defines microparticles as particles ranging from 1 micron to a few millimeters that can encapsulate drugs. Microparticles provide benefits like protecting drugs from the environment, sustained drug release, and targeted delivery. The document discusses microparticle morphology, important features, advantages, disadvantages, applications, release mechanisms, preparation techniques including emulsion polymerization, and factors influencing encapsulation. It concludes that these delivery systems offer benefits over conventional dosage forms like improved efficacy, reduced toxicity, and patient compliance.
Nanoparticles consists of organic and inorganic materials. Nanocrystals are aggregates of atoms that combine into a “cluster” and are pure drug crystals with sizes in the nanometer range stabilized or surrounded by a thin coating of surfactant. Todays nanocrystal formulation preparation method characterised as “bottom up” “top down” and “bottom up” spray drying methods. The majority of nanocrystal medicinal products are presently approved for oral ingestion and treatment of disorders other than cancer. Smurti Magar | Prof. Santosh Waghmare | Dr. Hemant Kamble "Nanocrystals-As Drug Delivery System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49563.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/49563/nanocrystalsas-drug-delivery-system/smurti-magar
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A Review on Microspheres: Types, Method of Preparation, Characterization, and
Application
Article in Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology · May 2021
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3. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 11(2): April - June, 2021
2
site and does not enter the systemic circulation
unnecessarily.[4]
They act as a reservoir which releases
an active ingredient over a longer period of time to
maintain effective concentration of drug products in the
skin while decreasing undesired side effects. [5]
Consequently, cycles of over- and under-medication are
reduced. It is especially relevant for the reduction of
antimicrobial resistance in the management of infectious
diseases. These distribution mechanisms can also boost
product safety or integration into appropriate
vehicles.[6,7]
Fig. No.-01 Microsphere
Fig. No.-02 Microsphere cross section
Advantages of Microspheres
A. Decrease of the size contributes to an increasing
the surface area and can increase the potency of the
poorly soluble material.
B. Providing a steady quantity of medications in the
body that can improve patent compliance;
C. Dose and risk reduced.
D. Drug packaging with polymers prevents the drug
avoid enzymatic cleavage while making it suitable for
drug method delivery system.
E. Less duration of dosing contributes to higher
patient compliance.
F. Effective usage of medications can enhance
bioavailability, and decrease harmful effects occurrence
or severity.
G. Helps protect the GIT from opioid irritants.
H. Transform liquid into solid shape and block the
unpleasant taste.
I. Reliable means, if changed, to transmit the
medication to the target location with precision and to
sustain the targeted concentrations at the targeted site
and with no undue impact.
J. Reduce central reactivity related to the external
world.
K. Degradable microspheres get the benifit over
large polymer implants through that they just do n't
really necessarily involve medical treatments for
implantation and reduction.
L. Controlled release delivery degradable
microspheres are being used to regulate release of drug
prices while also reducing toxicity, and reducing the
discomfort of repeated injection.[36]
Disadvantages of Microspheres
A. The changed releases from the formulations.
B. The release rate of the regulated dose process of
release which differ from a number of Factors like diet
and transfer levels through gut.
C. Variations in rate of discharge from one dosage to
the next.
D. Controlled release formulations typically have a
higher dose load and so any lack of quality of the release
properties of the drug substance can contribute to
E. Potentially dangerous.
F. These dosing types must not be broken or
chewed.[37]
Materials used in the microsphere formulation
In the formulation of microsphere mainly used a
polymers, they are classified as follows.
➢ Synthetic Polymers
➢ Natural polymers
A. Synthetic polymers are divided into two types
a) Non-biodegradable polymers
Example- Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), Acrolein
Glycidyl methacrylate, Epoxy polymers
b) Biodegradable polymers-
Example- Lactides, Glycolides and their co polymers,
Poly alkyl cyano acrylates, Poly anhydrides
B. Natural polymers-
They are obtained from different sourceslike proteins,
carbohydrates and chemically
modifiedcarbohydrates.They are also used a protein like
Albumin, Gelatin, and Collagen, Carbohydrates like
Agarose, Carrageenan, Chitosan, Starch and also
Chemically changed carbohydrates used like Poly
dextran, Poly starch.[8,9, 10]
Types of microsphere
1) Bio-adhesive microspheres-
Adhesion can be characterized as adherence to the
membrane by the use of theSticking the water soluble
polymer properties. Bio-adhesive drug delivery system is
4. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 11(2): April - June, 2021
3
delivery system uses the bioadhesion property of some
of the polymers which become adhering on hydration
and can be utilized for prolonged periods of time to
direct a medication to a specific area of the body. Thus,
the drug's absorption and therefore bioavailability is
improved through the decreased dosing frequency
resulting in greater compliance with the patient.[11]
2) Magnetic microspheres
Magnetic microspheres are molecular particles which are
tiny enough to move across capillaries without creating
an esophageal occlusion (< 4μm) but are extremely
sensitive (ferromagnetic) to be trapped in micro-vessels
and drawn by a magnetic field of 0.5-0.8 tesla through
neighboring tissues. Magnetic microspheres which locate
the medication to the site of the disease are very
essential. [12]
i. Therapeutic magnetic microspheres
ii.
Diagnostic microspheres
Fig. No.-03 Magnetic Micriosphere
3) Floating microspheres
Gastroretentive drug delivery methods are floating
microspheres on the basis of non-effervescent design.
The terminology used synonymously with floating
microspheres is hollow microspheres, microballoons or
floating microparticles. In a simple sense, floating
microspheres are small, hollow objects with no center.
These are free flowing cells, varying in scale from 1 to
1000 μm.[13]
Fig. No. - 04 Floating Microsphere
4) Radioactive microspheres
The microsphere subgroup that is interacts radioactively
and is typically treated in a comparable manner as non-
radioactive microspheres. Yet the radioactive
microsphere always includes one and sometimes more
radio-nuclides, in addition to the matrix material that
describes the microsphere and gives it its targeting
properties in a particular tissue or organ. Also in low
amounts, radioactive microspheres can carry large doses
of radiation to a specific region without affecting the
natural tissue surrounding them.[14, 15]
Fig. No. 05– Radioactive Microsphere
5) Polymeric microspheres[16,17]
The different types of polymeric microspheres can be
classified as follows.
A. Biodegradable polymeric microspheres
B. Synthetic polymeric microspheres
Methods used in microsphere preparation
Choosing the method depends primarily on Character of
a polymer been using, the drug, the factors equivocally
determined by many formulations and technological
factors as the size of the particles requirement, and the
drug or protein should not be significantly impacted by
the process, the reproducibility of the release profile and
the method, there should be no stability Issue, in relation
to the finished product. The various types of procedures
used to prepare the microspheres using hydrophobic and
hydrophilic polymers as matrix materials. [18]
• The capacity to integrate medication doses which
are relatively small.
• Stability of preparation after synthesis with a shelf
spam which is clinically acceptable.
• Controlled particle size and dispersibility for
injection in the aqueous vehicles.
• Effective reagent release with strong control over a
large time-scale.
• Biocompatibility of controllable biodegradability
and chemical alteration response.
1. Wax coating and hot melt
Wax used to encapsulate the main components, by
dissolving or dispersing the product in melted wax. The
waxy paste or mixture, such as frozen liquid paraffin, is
5. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 11(2): April - June, 2021
4
released by high intensity blending with cold water. The
water is heated up for at least an hour. The substance is
stirred up for at least 1 hour. Then the external layer
(liquid paraffin) is decanted and the microspheres are
immersed in a non-miscible solvent and dry air is
required to dry. For the surface ingredients, carnauba
wax and beeswax can be used and both should be
combined to obtain desirable characteristics.[19, 21]
2. Spray drying technique
This was used to prepare polymer microsphere mixed
charged with drug. This requires dispersing the raw
substance into liquefied coating liquid, and then spraying
the mixture into the air for surface solidification
accompanied by rapid solvent evaporation. Organic
solvent and polymer solution are formulated and sprayed
in various weight ratios and drug in specific laboratory
conditions producing microspheres filled with
medications. This is fast but may lose crystalinity due to
rapid drying.
3. Coacervation
This method is a straight forward separation of
macromolecular fluid into two immiscible types of
material, a thick coacervate layer, comparatively
condensed in macromolecules, and a distilled layer of
equilibria. This method is referred to as basic
coacervation, in the presence of just one macromolecule.
If two or more opposite-charge macromolecules are
involved, they are considered complex coacervation. The
former is caused by specific factors including
temperature shift,Using non-solvent or micro-ions
contributing to dehydration in macromolecules, since
they facilitate interactions between polymer and polymer
through polymer solvent interactions. This can be
engineered to generate different properties on
microsphere.[19]
4. Solvent evaporation
The method of solvent evaporation has also been
extensively used to preparation of PLA and PLGA
microspheres which contain many various drugs. Several
variables were identified that can significantly affect
microspheric characteristics, such as solubility of drug,
internal morphology, type of solvent, diffusion rate ,
temperature, polymer composition as well as viscosity,
and drug loading. The efficacy of the solvent
evaporation system to create microspheres relies on the
effective entanglement of the active substance into the
particles, and therefore this procedure is particularly
efficient with drugs that are either insoluble or partially
soluble in the liquid medium that constitutes the constant
phase. [22]
5. Precipitation
It is a modification of the form of evaporation. The
emulsion is polar droplets scattered over a non-polar
medium. The use of a co-solvent can extract solvent
from the droplets. The subsequent rise in the
concentration of polymers induces precipitation to create
a microspheric suspension.[23]
6. Freeze Drying
Freeze-drying is effectively used in protein API
microspheres praparation. The method is freezing,
sublimation, main drying, and secondary drying. At the
freezing step, account is taken of the eutectic point of the
components. During the process, lyoprotectants or
cryoprotectants will stabilise API molecules by
removing water, creating a glass matrix, lowering
intermolecular interaction by forming hydrogen bonds
between the molecules or dipole - dipole interactions. It's
a beneficial cycle for heat tolerant molecules, given its
high expense. Freeze-drying produces solidification and
then enables the reconstitution of particles in an aqueous
media.[24]
7. Single Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Technique
This process requires polymer dissolution in an organic
solvent accompanied by emulsification of an aqueous
environment containing the emulsifying agent. The
resulting emulsion is stirred for several hours in
atmospheric conditions to allow the solvent to evaporate,
which is then washed, rinsed and dried in desiccators.
Designed and manufactured drugs microspheres with
polymers by diffusion-evaporation method with
emulsion solvent.[25]
8. Double emulsification method
The Doppel-emulsion strategy requires mixing w / o / w
or o / w / o processing the double emulsion. The aqueous
solution of the product is distributed in a continuous
lipophilic organic phase. The continuous step which
consists of a polymer solution eventually encapsulates
medication Observed in the scattered aqueous layer to
form primary emulsion. Prior to introduction to the
aqueous solution of alcohol to form primary emulsion,
the pre-formed emulsion is subjected to homogenisation
or sonication. The microspheres filled with the drug
prolonged the release of the medication 24 hours and
were Observed to be diffusion and erosion regulated.[25]
9. Ionic gelation method
Ionotropic gelation is depend on the tendency of
polyelectrolytes to cross connect to develop hydrogel
beads often called gelispheres in the existence of counter
ions. Gelispheres are Circular cross linked polymeric
hydrophilic agent capable of substantial gelation and
thickening in model biological fluids and drug release
regulated by polymer relaxation via it. The hydrogel
6. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 11(2): April - June, 2021
5
beads are formed by dumping a drug-laden polymeric
solution into the polyvalent cations aqueous solution.
The cations migrate through the drug-laden hydrophilic
compounds, creating a three-dimensional lattice the
moiety is ionically crosslinked. Biomolecules may also
be placed into these gelispheres to maintain their three-
dimensional form under moderate conditions.[26]
Characterization of microsphere:
1. Particle size analysis
The dried microsphere were determined by microscopic
method using calibrated optical micrometer, the most
commonly used techniques for microparticular
visualisation are standard light microscopy (LM).[28, 35]
2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study
The Samples were analyzed through SEM and it was
well qualified from a back scattered electron sensor for
image analysis and conducting the x - Ray diffraction
analysis (EDXA) for elemental structure determination
where particular elements have been identified. In this
method the sample was scanned in parallel lines using a
centered electron beam. Microspheres were then placed
on a sample holder for SEM characterization preceded
by coating with a conductive metal like platinum or
zirconium using a sputter coater. The sample was then
scanned with a guided, fine electron beam. The surface
properties of the sample were derived from the
secondary electrons leaked from the sample surface.[29]
3. Flow properties
The flow properties can analysed by determining the
carr's compressibility index , Hausner ratio and resting
angle of repose. A volumetric cylinder was used to
assess bulk density and tapped density.[30]
4. Thermal analysis
Thermal analysis techniques analyse these changes
routinely by applying scheduled variations in
temperature for heating and cooling, as well as applying
defined Specimen atmospheres and pressures. The most
widely observed properties include subtle variations in
heat and enthalpy, weight loss or weight gain, Young's
modulus, thermal expansion or shrinkage and evolution
of gas. [31]
5. Determination of percentage yield
The percentage yield can be determined by calculating
the measured amount of the product and the polymers
used in the formulation of the microspheres and the
Overall sum ofv microspheres produced.[32]
6. Drug content
The mixture should be held aside to allow the particles to
sediment and then wash. 1mL was moved into
volumetric flask from the filtrate, and the volume was
balanced with 0.1N NaOH. Drug was measured
spectrophotometrically after the correct dilution.[33]
7. Determination of drug loading
Loading ability is the amount of drug loaded per unit
nanoparticle weight, indicating the percentage of
nanoparticle weight that is attached to the encapsulated
product. Loading capacity (LC percent) can be
determined by the total amount of drug trapped, divided
by the total weight of nanoparticles. In the delivery of
drugs, yield given as a percentage represents the amount
of drug delivered per quantity. [34]
Application of Microspheres
A number of pharmaceuticalmicroencapsulated products
are currently on the market.
1) Microspheres in vaccine delivery
The precondition of a vaccine is safety toward the
microbes and its harmful component. An ideal vaccine
should satisfy this same necessity of effectiveness,
protection, affordability in application and charge. The
aspect of protection and avoidance of severe effects is a
complicated.The aspect of safeness and the extent of the
manufacturing of antibody responses are intently linked
to mode of application. Biodegradable delivery
technology for vaccines which are provided by
intravenous path may resolve the shortcoming of this
same conventional vaccines. The involvement in
parenteral (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal)
carrier exists even though those who offer significant
benefits.[38]
2) Microspheres in Gene delivery
Genotype drug delivery involves viral vectors, nonionic
liposomes, polycation complexes, and microcapsules
technologies. Viral vectors are beneficial for genotype
delivery even though those who are extremely efficient
and also have a broad variety of cell goals. Even so, if
used in vivo they trigger immune responses and
pathogenic effects. To resolve the restrictions of viral
vectors, nonviral delivery systems have been regarded
for gene therapy. Nonviral delivery system does have
benefits these as simplicity of preparation, cell / tissue
targeting, reduced immune system, unrestricted plasmid
size, as well as large-scale replicable production.
Polymer will be used as a transporter of DNA for gene
delivery applications.[38,39]
3) Oral drug delivery
The potential of polymer matrix usually contains
diazepam like an oral drug delivery has been evaluated
through rabbits. Its findings showed that even a film
consisting of a 1:0.5 drug-polymer combination may
have been an effectual dosage form which is comparable
to commercial tablet formulations. The capacity of
polymer to establish films could allow use in the
7. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 11(2): April - June, 2021
6
formulation of film dosage forms, as an option with drug
tablets. The pH sensitivity, combined with both the
reactions of the main amine groups, start making
polymer a distinctive polymer for oral drug delivery
applications. [40]
4) Transdermal drug delivery
Polymer has good film-forming characteristics. The
release profile from of the devices is impacted by the
membrane thickness as well as crosslinking of a film.
Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte structure has also been
prepared in-situ in beads and microspheres for potential
uses in packaging, controlled release systems and
surgical instruments. Polymer gel beads are an
impressive highly biocompatible vehicle for
chemotherapy of inflammatory cytokines for
medications like prednisolone that also showed extended
release action enhancing treatment effectiveness. The
amount of drug discharge was found to also be depend
on the characteristics of cell wall used. A mixture of
chitosan membrane and chitosan hydrogel known to
contain lidocaine hydrochloride, a local anaesthetic is a
great comprehensive process for controlled drug release
and release kinetics.[41]
5) Targeting by Using Micro Particulate Carriers
The principle of trying to target is a well established
dogma, that is trying to gain huge interest present a days.
The response manufactured by drug depends itself on
availability and ability to interact to binding site
generally pellets technique is confirmed that can be
formulated by utilising extrusion / Spheronization
innovation e.g. microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and
chitosan.[42]
6) Monoclonal Antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies or targeting microspheres are
physiologically immunologic microspheres. One such
type of trying to target is having been using to
accomplish selective targeting to particular sites of an
organ system. Monoclonal Antibodies are highly precise
compounds that also bind to a particular portion of the
body structure via which uptake occurs via[42, 43]
a. Non particular adsorption and particular adsorption
b. Direct coupling
c. Coupling via reagent
7) Intratumoral and local drug delivery
In order to achieve solid lipid nanoparticles at the
tumour cells in therapeutically relevant intensity,
polymer films were also manufactured. Combination
with medication does have promising potential to be
used in controlled delivery throughout the oral cavity.
Eg. Gelatin, PLGA, Chitosan and PCL.[44]
8) Other applications
Microspheres are used for membrane technology
developed for mass spectrometry, cell biology, cell
biology; Fluorescent connected Immuno-Sorbent Assay.
Yttrium could be used for standard treatment of
hepatocellular carcinoma and even used besides pre
transplant management of HCC with promising results.
Applications of microencapsulation in other industry
sectors are various. Carbonless copying paper,
photosensitive paper, microencapsulated fragrances such
as "scent-strips" (also known as "snap-n-burst") and
microencapsulated aromas ("scratch-n-sniff"') are the
best known microencapsulated products. These other
products are usually prepared by the use of gelatin –
acacia coacervation complex. Scratch-n-sniff has been
used in children's literature and in the development of
nutrition and cosmetics fragrance advertising.
Microcapsules also are heavily included as diagnostic
tests, for example, temperature-sensitive microcapsules
for temperature dependent visual detection of cancer. In
the biotech industry microcapsules microbial cells are
used for the production of recombinant and proteins.[45]
CONCLUSION:
The present review article that is microspheres are better
of drug delivery system than other type of drug delivery
system. In upcoming days this microsphere novel drug
delivery system which shows more effective in cancer
therapy or in any other disease treatment like a
pulmonary related, cardiac related, nervous system
related this microsphere formulation shows more
potency this having more effective in in-vivo delivery
system. Mainly this formulation gives safety to the
active pharmaceutical ingredient and also other
excipients used in formulation.
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