“Apiculture is the scientific method of rearing honeybees. “ The word 'apiculture' comes from the Latin word 'apis' meaning bee. So, apiculture or beekeeping is the care and management of honey bees for the production of honey and the wax.
This document contain all of the relative information for apiculture which is also known as Beekeeping.
This document contain mostly related topics such as history, taxonomical classification, types of bees, production of honey and structure of hives.
This document provides an overview of honey bees and apiculture (beekeeping). It discusses the composition of honey bee colonies including the queen bee, drone bees, and worker bees. It describes the life cycle and development of honey bees from eggs to larvae to pupae. Key aspects of beekeeping covered include the history of scientific study of bees, common bee species, honey extraction methods, and bee pasturage (plants used for nectar and pollen).
The presentation contains the description about various parts of morphology of the honey bee viz: head, type of mouthpart, abdomen including the legs and wings, and the abdomen.
The life cycle of honey bees consists of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Eggs are laid by the queen bee and can be fertilized or unfertilized. Fertilized eggs become worker bees or queen bees, while unfertilized eggs become male drones. Larvae emerge from eggs and develop through four molting stages before forming a pupa. Inside the sealed pupa case, the larvae undergoes metamorphosis to emerge as adult bees. The life cycle takes longest for queen bees and shortest for worker bees.
silk worm is a holo metabolous insect four stages are there in its life cycle. 1. Egg 2. Larva ( 5 instars) 3. Pupa 4. Adult. rearing of silkworms is called sericulture. Moriculture is the science of mulberry cultivation to rear silk worms for silk production. Bombyx mori feed specifically on mulberry leaves, Different types of silk worms. There are five major types of silk of commercial importance, obtained from different species of silkworms which in turn feed on a number of food plants: Except mulberry, other varieties of silks are generally termed as non mulberry silks. India has the unique distinction of producing all these commercial varieties of silk. SILK WORM TYPES ARE:- 1. Mulberry silk worm. 2. Tasar silk worm. 3. Oak Tasar silk worm. 4. Eri silk worm. 5. Muga silk worm. silk gland is modified salivary gland produces silk, The silk of silkworms is secreted by a pair of labial gland, known as silk glands. The silk glands lie ventral to the alimentary canal. In full grown larvae, these occupy most of the body cavity. The silk glands are tubular in shape with different diameters in different regions. Each gland has 3 distinct regions
The science that aims to study the life, behavior & activity of honey bee in order to obtain bee products and crop pollination. Honey bee is a social & beneficial insect. They lives in hive.
Oogenesis in Insects, Histology, Types of Ovarioles & Nourishment.pptxPrajwal Gowda M.A
Oogenesis is the process by which egg cells are produced in the ovaries of female insects. It involves the development of primordial cells into mature ova and is influenced by factors like nutrition, mating, activity level, and social interactions. Nutrition acquired during the larval or adult stage provides the resources necessary for oogenesis. Insufficient nutrition can inhibit oogenesis through hormonal mechanisms. Mating stimulates oogenesis through various substances transferred from males. Flight activity can compete for energy resources with oogenesis. Social insects exhibit specialized forms of oogenesis depending on their caste or role in the colony.
This document contain all of the relative information for apiculture which is also known as Beekeeping.
This document contain mostly related topics such as history, taxonomical classification, types of bees, production of honey and structure of hives.
This document provides an overview of honey bees and apiculture (beekeeping). It discusses the composition of honey bee colonies including the queen bee, drone bees, and worker bees. It describes the life cycle and development of honey bees from eggs to larvae to pupae. Key aspects of beekeeping covered include the history of scientific study of bees, common bee species, honey extraction methods, and bee pasturage (plants used for nectar and pollen).
The presentation contains the description about various parts of morphology of the honey bee viz: head, type of mouthpart, abdomen including the legs and wings, and the abdomen.
The life cycle of honey bees consists of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Eggs are laid by the queen bee and can be fertilized or unfertilized. Fertilized eggs become worker bees or queen bees, while unfertilized eggs become male drones. Larvae emerge from eggs and develop through four molting stages before forming a pupa. Inside the sealed pupa case, the larvae undergoes metamorphosis to emerge as adult bees. The life cycle takes longest for queen bees and shortest for worker bees.
silk worm is a holo metabolous insect four stages are there in its life cycle. 1. Egg 2. Larva ( 5 instars) 3. Pupa 4. Adult. rearing of silkworms is called sericulture. Moriculture is the science of mulberry cultivation to rear silk worms for silk production. Bombyx mori feed specifically on mulberry leaves, Different types of silk worms. There are five major types of silk of commercial importance, obtained from different species of silkworms which in turn feed on a number of food plants: Except mulberry, other varieties of silks are generally termed as non mulberry silks. India has the unique distinction of producing all these commercial varieties of silk. SILK WORM TYPES ARE:- 1. Mulberry silk worm. 2. Tasar silk worm. 3. Oak Tasar silk worm. 4. Eri silk worm. 5. Muga silk worm. silk gland is modified salivary gland produces silk, The silk of silkworms is secreted by a pair of labial gland, known as silk glands. The silk glands lie ventral to the alimentary canal. In full grown larvae, these occupy most of the body cavity. The silk glands are tubular in shape with different diameters in different regions. Each gland has 3 distinct regions
The science that aims to study the life, behavior & activity of honey bee in order to obtain bee products and crop pollination. Honey bee is a social & beneficial insect. They lives in hive.
Oogenesis in Insects, Histology, Types of Ovarioles & Nourishment.pptxPrajwal Gowda M.A
Oogenesis is the process by which egg cells are produced in the ovaries of female insects. It involves the development of primordial cells into mature ova and is influenced by factors like nutrition, mating, activity level, and social interactions. Nutrition acquired during the larval or adult stage provides the resources necessary for oogenesis. Insufficient nutrition can inhibit oogenesis through hormonal mechanisms. Mating stimulates oogenesis through various substances transferred from males. Flight activity can compete for energy resources with oogenesis. Social insects exhibit specialized forms of oogenesis depending on their caste or role in the colony.
Honey bees live in colonies with one queen, thousands of workers, and hundreds of drones. The queen's role is to lay eggs that become either workers or drones. Workers perform all tasks in the colony including feeding larvae, building comb, collecting nectar and pollen. Drones do not work and their sole function is to mate with virgin queens. The life cycle begins with the queen laying an egg, which hatches into a larva and then becomes a pupa before emerging as an adult bee. The development time varies by caste with queens developing the quickest and drones taking the longest.
The insect integument, or exoskeleton, consists of three main layers:
1. The cuticle, which is the outermost layer and provides protection. It has two regions - the epicuticle and procuticle.
2. The epidermis, which secretes the cuticle and aids in molting.
3. The basement membrane between the epidermis and organs.
The cuticle protects the insect, prevents water loss, and helps insects maintain their shape. It is rigid yet lightweight and allows for various modes of life.
A bee colony consists of a queen, thousands of workers, and hundreds of drones. The queen is the largest bee and lays hundreds of eggs per day. Workers are female bees that take care of the hive through various roles like nursing, building wax cells, and foraging. Drones are male bees whose sole purpose is to mate with virgin queens. Workers and drones are dependent on the queen and workers for food, while the queen relies on workers for food and protection.
The document discusses apiculture, or beekeeping. It defines key terms like apiculture, apiary, and apiarist. It outlines the main types of honey bees used in apiculture, including Apis cerana, Apis florea, Apis dorsata, and the Western honeybee. The main products of apiculture are honey, pollen, royal jelly, bee venom, and propolis. The document also lists advantages like income generation, ecological benefits, crop pollination, and producing nutritious honey. It describes the two main methods of apiculture as the indigenous method using traditional hives and the modern method using artificially designed hives invented in 1951.
Beekeeping equipment has evolved as bee species have become more aggressive. The list includes full bee suits, bee jackets, gloves, hive tools, brushes, and extractors to safely handle hives and protect against stings. Smokers are also essential as the smoke calms the bees and makes inspections easier. With the proper safety gear, beekeepers can continue to safely tend to their hives despite the increased risks posed by foreign bee species.
Apiculture: introduction, species types and different methods of rearing of beesTehreem Sarwar
Beekeeping involves maintaining honey bee colonies in hives. A beekeeper collects honey and other hive products like beeswax, while also pollinating crops. Humans have kept bees since at least 15,000 years ago, and methods have advanced from crude extraction to modern hives and equipment. Honey bees are social insects that live in colonies and communicate through dances. The main honey bee species are A. dorsata, A. indica, A. mellifera, and A. florea, which differ in size, aggressiveness, and domesticability. Beekeeping provides nutritional and medicinal honey, as well as economic benefits through pollination, wax, and other products.
This document summarizes the life cycle and production of silk. It discusses that silk is produced by silkworms, specifically Bombyx mori, which eat mulberry leaves. It describes the five stages of the silkworm's life cycle - egg, larva/caterpillar, pupa, cocoon, and adult moth. It also discusses the history and types of silk production, the rearing process of silkworms, and their diseases.
This document summarizes the various glands found in honey bees, including their locations, secretions, and functions. It discusses 8 glands in worker bees (Dufour's, hypopharyngeal, mandibular, Nasonov, salivary, venom, wax, and Koschevnikov), as well as variations in the queen and drones. Key information provided includes that Dufour's gland secretion helps with defense and reproduction, hypopharyngeal glands produce royal jelly, and mandibular gland secretion varies with age. Venom is more lethal in queens than workers. Wax glands produce wax to build honeycomb.
Honey bees live in highly organized colonies consisting of a queen, drones, and worker bees. The colony survives through cooperation and division of labor, with each caste specialized for different tasks. Workers perform different roles within the hive like building comb, caring for larvae, collecting pollen and nectar, and defending the colony. They communicate through pheromones and a complex dance language discovered by Karl von Frisch to share information about food sources. The specialized roles and cooperation allow honey bee colonies to thrive.
The circulatory system of insects is open and consists of hemolymph that bathes the organs rather than being contained in vessels. The main circulatory organ is the dorsal vessel, a tube located along the midline that functions like a heart to circulate the hemolymph. Hemolymph carries nutrients and wastes but does not transport oxygen. Accessory pulsatile organs help circulate hemolymph to appendages and tissues.
Honey bees are important pollinators and producers of honey and beeswax. There are four main species of honey bees - the rock bee, Indian hive bee, little bee, and European bee. Honey bees live in hives with one queen, several hundred drones, and 20,000 to 80,000 workers. Workers care for the larvae, collect nectar and pollen, and produce honey. Honey bees go through life stages of egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Their products of honey and beeswax are economically important, and honey bees play a vital role in pollinating crops.
The document summarizes the main body regions and structures of an insect's head. It discusses that the insect body is divided into three main regions: the head, thorax, and abdomen. The head contains important sensory structures like antennae, compound eyes, and specialized mouthparts. It also houses the brain. The hard outer covering of the head is called the head capsule or cranium. The head is formed of sclerites that fuse together during molting to form its specific shape.
The digestive system of insects consists of three main regions - the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. The foregut begins with the mouth and includes the pharynx, esophagus, and crop. The midgut contains secretory and regenerative cells, gastric caecae, and the pyloric valve that regulates food flow to the hindgut. The hindgut is differentiated into the ileum, colon, and rectum and absorbs water and nutrients before waste is excreted through the anus.
Habit, Habitat,Description, Biology and Distribution of Hymenoptera Insects B...Dinesh Dalvaniya
The document summarizes the habits, habitats, biology, and distribution of honey bees and ants. It describes that honey bees live in colonies consisting of a queen, drones, and workers, and details their life cycles, roles, and habitats in different climates. It also outlines the nesting and foraging habits of ants, their food sources, and describes their body structures. The distribution of honey bees originated in Africa and spread worldwide, while ants can be found everywhere except very cold areas and have diverse species in tropical rainforests.
This document discusses various insect and non-insect enemies of honey bees, including the wax moth, wasps, ants, parasitic mites like Varroa destructor, and diseases. It provides details on the nature of damage caused by each enemy, symptoms of infestation or disease, and recommended management practices like removing infested comb, maintaining strong bee colonies, and using approved treatments and chemicals.
The document discusses guidelines for mulberry cultivation under rainfed conditions. It recommends planting mulberry cuttings or saplings in pits filled with soil and FYM during the start of the monsoon season for establishment. Ideal conditions include temperatures between 20-30°C, 9-13 hours of sunshine per day, and 50-60mm of water per week. Weeds should be controlled through integrated methods like cultural practices, mechanical removal, and chemical spraying after pruning.
The document summarizes the process of moulting, or ecdysis, in insects. It discusses how moulting is triggered by hormones when an insect outgrows its exoskeleton. The old exoskeleton is then digested and a new larger one is constructed underneath, in a process that involves secretion of proteins, formation of new cuticle layers, and eventual splitting of the old exoskeleton. Moulting allows the insect to grow and develop through different life stages until reaching maturity.
The digestive system of insects is composed of an alimentary canal that extends from the mouth to the anus. The alimentary canal is differentiated into three main regions - the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. Each region performs a different digestive function. The foregut contains structures like the pharynx, esophagus, and crop. The midgut is the main site of digestion and absorption and contains structures like the peritrophic membrane and gastric caecae. The hindgut functions to absorb water and ions from waste before it is excreted. Saliva plays various roles like moistening food, aiding digestion, and in some cases can transmit pathogens or toxins
The document discusses the glandular system in insects, which is divided into exocrine and endocrine glands. Exocrine glands have ducts and secrete substances like saliva, silk, defensive fluids, pheromones, wax, venom, and milk. Endocrine glands like the corpora cardiaca, corpora allata, and prothoracic glands secrete hormones under the influence of neurosecretory cells in the brain and central nervous system. These hormones regulate processes like metamorphosis, moulting, water balance, and reproduction. The prothoracic glands secrete the moulting hormone ecdysone to initiate insect moulting.
Mass production technology of helicoverpa armigera Babita Kaushal
Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) an agricultural pest has been recorded to feed on more than 180 cultivated and wild plant species. The cotton bollworm is a threat to intensive agriculture. Its economic importance as a pest is exaggerated due to its direct violence on fruiting construction, voracious feeding habit, high mobility and fecundity, as well as adaptable in nature. Annual losses due to this pest worldwide are estimated in billions of dollars. Helicoverpa armigera is a serious polyphagous plant pest-made invasion all over the world and now still occupying many continents. It is the only highly serious quarantine agricultural pest for several countries. Helicoverpa armigera. Polyphagous pest The young larva feeds on tender leaves, buds, flowers. Bores into the pods and feeds on the seeds. A single larva may destroy 30-40 pods before it reaches maturity.
This document provides an overview of colony organization and the life cycle of honey bees. It discusses the three main types of bees in a colony - the queen, workers, and drones. The queen lays eggs and is fed by worker bees. Workers perform all tasks in the colony, including feeding larvae, hive maintenance, and foraging. Drones do not work, and their sole purpose is to mate with virgin queens. The life cycle begins with an egg laid by the queen, which hatches into a larva and then a pupa before emerging as an adult bee. Stages have different durations for each caste.
Honey bees live in colonies with one queen, thousands of workers, and hundreds of drones. The queen's role is to lay eggs that become either workers or drones. Workers perform all tasks in the colony including feeding larvae, building comb, collecting nectar and pollen. Drones do not work and their sole function is to mate with virgin queens. The life cycle begins with the queen laying an egg, which hatches into a larva and then becomes a pupa before emerging as an adult bee. The development time varies by caste with queens developing the quickest and drones taking the longest.
The insect integument, or exoskeleton, consists of three main layers:
1. The cuticle, which is the outermost layer and provides protection. It has two regions - the epicuticle and procuticle.
2. The epidermis, which secretes the cuticle and aids in molting.
3. The basement membrane between the epidermis and organs.
The cuticle protects the insect, prevents water loss, and helps insects maintain their shape. It is rigid yet lightweight and allows for various modes of life.
A bee colony consists of a queen, thousands of workers, and hundreds of drones. The queen is the largest bee and lays hundreds of eggs per day. Workers are female bees that take care of the hive through various roles like nursing, building wax cells, and foraging. Drones are male bees whose sole purpose is to mate with virgin queens. Workers and drones are dependent on the queen and workers for food, while the queen relies on workers for food and protection.
The document discusses apiculture, or beekeeping. It defines key terms like apiculture, apiary, and apiarist. It outlines the main types of honey bees used in apiculture, including Apis cerana, Apis florea, Apis dorsata, and the Western honeybee. The main products of apiculture are honey, pollen, royal jelly, bee venom, and propolis. The document also lists advantages like income generation, ecological benefits, crop pollination, and producing nutritious honey. It describes the two main methods of apiculture as the indigenous method using traditional hives and the modern method using artificially designed hives invented in 1951.
Beekeeping equipment has evolved as bee species have become more aggressive. The list includes full bee suits, bee jackets, gloves, hive tools, brushes, and extractors to safely handle hives and protect against stings. Smokers are also essential as the smoke calms the bees and makes inspections easier. With the proper safety gear, beekeepers can continue to safely tend to their hives despite the increased risks posed by foreign bee species.
Apiculture: introduction, species types and different methods of rearing of beesTehreem Sarwar
Beekeeping involves maintaining honey bee colonies in hives. A beekeeper collects honey and other hive products like beeswax, while also pollinating crops. Humans have kept bees since at least 15,000 years ago, and methods have advanced from crude extraction to modern hives and equipment. Honey bees are social insects that live in colonies and communicate through dances. The main honey bee species are A. dorsata, A. indica, A. mellifera, and A. florea, which differ in size, aggressiveness, and domesticability. Beekeeping provides nutritional and medicinal honey, as well as economic benefits through pollination, wax, and other products.
This document summarizes the life cycle and production of silk. It discusses that silk is produced by silkworms, specifically Bombyx mori, which eat mulberry leaves. It describes the five stages of the silkworm's life cycle - egg, larva/caterpillar, pupa, cocoon, and adult moth. It also discusses the history and types of silk production, the rearing process of silkworms, and their diseases.
This document summarizes the various glands found in honey bees, including their locations, secretions, and functions. It discusses 8 glands in worker bees (Dufour's, hypopharyngeal, mandibular, Nasonov, salivary, venom, wax, and Koschevnikov), as well as variations in the queen and drones. Key information provided includes that Dufour's gland secretion helps with defense and reproduction, hypopharyngeal glands produce royal jelly, and mandibular gland secretion varies with age. Venom is more lethal in queens than workers. Wax glands produce wax to build honeycomb.
Honey bees live in highly organized colonies consisting of a queen, drones, and worker bees. The colony survives through cooperation and division of labor, with each caste specialized for different tasks. Workers perform different roles within the hive like building comb, caring for larvae, collecting pollen and nectar, and defending the colony. They communicate through pheromones and a complex dance language discovered by Karl von Frisch to share information about food sources. The specialized roles and cooperation allow honey bee colonies to thrive.
The circulatory system of insects is open and consists of hemolymph that bathes the organs rather than being contained in vessels. The main circulatory organ is the dorsal vessel, a tube located along the midline that functions like a heart to circulate the hemolymph. Hemolymph carries nutrients and wastes but does not transport oxygen. Accessory pulsatile organs help circulate hemolymph to appendages and tissues.
Honey bees are important pollinators and producers of honey and beeswax. There are four main species of honey bees - the rock bee, Indian hive bee, little bee, and European bee. Honey bees live in hives with one queen, several hundred drones, and 20,000 to 80,000 workers. Workers care for the larvae, collect nectar and pollen, and produce honey. Honey bees go through life stages of egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Their products of honey and beeswax are economically important, and honey bees play a vital role in pollinating crops.
The document summarizes the main body regions and structures of an insect's head. It discusses that the insect body is divided into three main regions: the head, thorax, and abdomen. The head contains important sensory structures like antennae, compound eyes, and specialized mouthparts. It also houses the brain. The hard outer covering of the head is called the head capsule or cranium. The head is formed of sclerites that fuse together during molting to form its specific shape.
The digestive system of insects consists of three main regions - the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. The foregut begins with the mouth and includes the pharynx, esophagus, and crop. The midgut contains secretory and regenerative cells, gastric caecae, and the pyloric valve that regulates food flow to the hindgut. The hindgut is differentiated into the ileum, colon, and rectum and absorbs water and nutrients before waste is excreted through the anus.
Habit, Habitat,Description, Biology and Distribution of Hymenoptera Insects B...Dinesh Dalvaniya
The document summarizes the habits, habitats, biology, and distribution of honey bees and ants. It describes that honey bees live in colonies consisting of a queen, drones, and workers, and details their life cycles, roles, and habitats in different climates. It also outlines the nesting and foraging habits of ants, their food sources, and describes their body structures. The distribution of honey bees originated in Africa and spread worldwide, while ants can be found everywhere except very cold areas and have diverse species in tropical rainforests.
This document discusses various insect and non-insect enemies of honey bees, including the wax moth, wasps, ants, parasitic mites like Varroa destructor, and diseases. It provides details on the nature of damage caused by each enemy, symptoms of infestation or disease, and recommended management practices like removing infested comb, maintaining strong bee colonies, and using approved treatments and chemicals.
The document discusses guidelines for mulberry cultivation under rainfed conditions. It recommends planting mulberry cuttings or saplings in pits filled with soil and FYM during the start of the monsoon season for establishment. Ideal conditions include temperatures between 20-30°C, 9-13 hours of sunshine per day, and 50-60mm of water per week. Weeds should be controlled through integrated methods like cultural practices, mechanical removal, and chemical spraying after pruning.
The document summarizes the process of moulting, or ecdysis, in insects. It discusses how moulting is triggered by hormones when an insect outgrows its exoskeleton. The old exoskeleton is then digested and a new larger one is constructed underneath, in a process that involves secretion of proteins, formation of new cuticle layers, and eventual splitting of the old exoskeleton. Moulting allows the insect to grow and develop through different life stages until reaching maturity.
The digestive system of insects is composed of an alimentary canal that extends from the mouth to the anus. The alimentary canal is differentiated into three main regions - the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. Each region performs a different digestive function. The foregut contains structures like the pharynx, esophagus, and crop. The midgut is the main site of digestion and absorption and contains structures like the peritrophic membrane and gastric caecae. The hindgut functions to absorb water and ions from waste before it is excreted. Saliva plays various roles like moistening food, aiding digestion, and in some cases can transmit pathogens or toxins
The document discusses the glandular system in insects, which is divided into exocrine and endocrine glands. Exocrine glands have ducts and secrete substances like saliva, silk, defensive fluids, pheromones, wax, venom, and milk. Endocrine glands like the corpora cardiaca, corpora allata, and prothoracic glands secrete hormones under the influence of neurosecretory cells in the brain and central nervous system. These hormones regulate processes like metamorphosis, moulting, water balance, and reproduction. The prothoracic glands secrete the moulting hormone ecdysone to initiate insect moulting.
Mass production technology of helicoverpa armigera Babita Kaushal
Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) an agricultural pest has been recorded to feed on more than 180 cultivated and wild plant species. The cotton bollworm is a threat to intensive agriculture. Its economic importance as a pest is exaggerated due to its direct violence on fruiting construction, voracious feeding habit, high mobility and fecundity, as well as adaptable in nature. Annual losses due to this pest worldwide are estimated in billions of dollars. Helicoverpa armigera is a serious polyphagous plant pest-made invasion all over the world and now still occupying many continents. It is the only highly serious quarantine agricultural pest for several countries. Helicoverpa armigera. Polyphagous pest The young larva feeds on tender leaves, buds, flowers. Bores into the pods and feeds on the seeds. A single larva may destroy 30-40 pods before it reaches maturity.
This document provides an overview of colony organization and the life cycle of honey bees. It discusses the three main types of bees in a colony - the queen, workers, and drones. The queen lays eggs and is fed by worker bees. Workers perform all tasks in the colony, including feeding larvae, hive maintenance, and foraging. Drones do not work, and their sole purpose is to mate with virgin queens. The life cycle begins with an egg laid by the queen, which hatches into a larva and then a pupa before emerging as an adult bee. Stages have different durations for each caste.
This document provides a practical guide for snail farming. It discusses why snail farming is a good agricultural practice due to its low startup costs and space requirements. Snail farming can be profitable due to high market demand for snails, which are seen as a healthy source of protein. The document describes the most common species of snails farmed, Achatina achatina, Achatina maginata, and Achatina folica. It provides guidance on site selection, housing, soil preparation, feeding, breeding, disease prevention, and selling snails for profit.
This document provides information on mass producing the green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea and the Australian ladybird beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri. It details their life cycles, morphology, and mass production procedures. Eggs of C. carnea are produced on eggs of the rice moth in jars, then larvae are fed moth eggs until pupation. Adults emerge and are released to control aphids and other soft-bodied pests. For C. montrouzieri, mealybugs are cultured on pumpkins and adults are released to feed and lay eggs, controlling the mealybugs through their lifecycle.
The document discusses several common pests that infest stored grains, including rice weevil, lesser grain borer, khapra beetle, pulse beetle, rust red flour beetle, rice moth, and grain moth. For each pest, it provides details on identification, commodities attacked, type of damage caused, and life cycle/habits. It focuses on morphological identification features for adults and larvae, as well as temperature and humidity preferences for optimal development.
Honeybees live in highly organized colonies consisting of three castes - queens, workers, and drones. Queens are the only fertile females and can lay up to 2,000 eggs per day. Workers are sterile females that perform all the tasks needed to sustain the colony, including foraging, cleaning, and defending. Drones are male bees whose sole purpose is to mate with virgin queens. Honeybees exhibit a division of labor, with workers specializing in different tasks according to their age. The life cycle involves an egg, larval, pupal, and adult stage, with queens living up to 5 years and workers around 6 weeks.
This document provides information on mass production techniques for Trichogramma and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs). It describes the steps for rearing the rice grain moth Corcyra cephalonica which is used as a host for producing Trichogramma. The techniques for mass rearing Trichogramma including parasitizing Corcyra eggs and storing the parasitized eggs are summarized. It also outlines the basic steps for mass producing NPVs which involve rearing host insects like Helicoverpa armigera on artificial diet, infecting the larvae with viruses, harvesting and purifying the viruses. Field application doses of different NPVs for crops are also mentioned.
The document discusses the Indian meal moth, a common pest that infests stored food products. It describes the moth's life cycle, which includes laying 400 eggs that hatch into larvae in 2-14 days. The larvae then develop through 4-7 molts over 30-35 days before forming a pupa and emerging as an adult after another 4-35 days. As both larvae and adults, they feed on dried goods and infest grain stores worldwide. The document outlines measures to control infestations through inspection, cleaning, sealing food containers, and freezing or heating goods to kill all life stages.
The document discusses four main species of honey bees - Apis dorsata, Apis indica, Apis florea, and Apis mellifera. It describes their key characteristics such as size, hive structure, honey production, and temperament. It also covers the social organization of honey bees including the different castes (queens, workers, drones), their roles, and the life cycle from egg to adult. The document summarizes honey bee products with a focus on honey, including its composition, production process, and nutritional value.
This document provides information about honey bees. It begins with the classification of honey bees, then discusses their social behavior and advantages. It provides examples of social insects including honey bees, wasps, termites and ants. The document focuses on honey bees, describing their appearance, distribution, and the different types of bees within a hive: the queen, workers, and drones. It explains the key roles and characteristics of each type of honey bee.
This document provides information about grainage facilities and procedures for producing disease-free silkworm eggs on a large scale. Key points include: Grainages produce industrial seeds/eggs for commercial rearing; They are located in cooler areas and have facilities for rearing parental cocoons, sex separation, egg laying and storage; Procedures include rearing parental cocoons, synchronizing moth emergence, separating sexes, pairing and oviposition, and examining mothers for disease; Eggs are processed by soaking, salting to remove infertile eggs, and disinfection before packing. Chawki or young age rearing involves brushing, feeding tender leaves, maintaining optimal temperature and humidity, and increasing bed space as larvae
Bees are flying insects that produce honey, pollination, and beeswax. There are over 20,000 types of bees. Bees communicate through pheromones and have a lifecycle similar to butterflies with eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult stages. The document discusses the types of bees including drones, queens, and workers and their roles. It also covers predators of bees, how honey is produced, and the diet of bees.
In digital Electronics, NAND gate is a logic gate which has the output LOW if all the inputs are HIGH. For
example, if we pass only HIGH inputs to the NAND gate then its output will be LOW, otherwise if one of the
inputs is LOW the output will become HIGH.
1. The document provides information on emu farming in India, which is an emerging enterprise. It discusses the anatomy, physiology, behavior, and reproduction traits of emus.
2. Emu farming management includes proper housing, feeding, breeding, and health practices. Feeding emus requires a balanced diet formulated for different growth stages. Disease prevention relies on good hygiene and vaccination.
3. Emu farming was permitted in India in 1972 and has grown significantly since the late 1990s, particularly in states like Andhra Pradesh. While production is increasing, marketing and awareness of emu products in India needs further development to realize the full potential of the industry.
The emu is the second-largest living bird by height, after its ratite relative, the ostrich. It is endemic to Australia where it is the largest native bird and the only extant member of the genus Dromaius.
Emus are soft-feathered, brown, flightless birds with long necks and legs, and can reach up to 1.9 meters (6.2 ft) in height. Emus can travel great distances, and when necessary can sprint at 50 km/h (31 mph); they forage for a variety of plants and insects, but have been known to go for weeks without eating. They drink infrequently, but take in copious amounts of water when the opportunity arises. They are long lived up to 30years.
Honey bees are disappearing due to a phenomenon known as Colony Collapse Disorder, or CCD. CCD is characterized by a bee colony's worker bees disappearing, while the queen and young bees are left behind. There are several proposed theories for what is causing CCD, including artificial food substitutes, pesticide use, monocultures, and the synergistic effects of multiple stress factors on bee colonies. The disappearance of honey bees due to CCD is a serious issue because bees pollinate one third of the world's crops and are important for both the agricultural industry and ecosystem.
Beekeeping is the maintenance of bee colonies, commonly in man-made hives, by humans. A beekeeper keeps bees in order to collect their honey and other products that the hive produce (beeswax, propolis, flower pollen, bee pollen, and royal jelly), to pollinate crops, or produce bees for sale to other beekeepers.
WORLD honey bee day ppt (Honey bee types and it's pests and diseases and thei...kusumeanilkumar
This document discusses different species of honey bees, including their characteristics and uses. It covers the Rock Bee, Dwarf Bee, Indian honey bee, European Honey bee, Stringless Bees. For each species it describes where they live, if they can be domesticated, their honey yield, and role as pollinators. The document also covers honey bee pests, diseases and their management, including European Foul Brood disease. Overall it provides an overview of multiple honey bee species found in India and some of the key details about each.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
2. Apismellifera
Twenty‐four different races. None native to US. Social insects with
divisionoflaboramong different“castes”
Eggs, brood,Workers, Drones,Queen
Egglaying,nestmaintenance,defense,foraging accordingtocaste
The most important commercial pollinating insect Most fruit
production dependent on this insect Pollinate 3.5 million acres worth
$14.6billionperyear
Studiesshow thatevery$1 spenton bees returns $25 togrower
3. Workers
20‐60,000 sterilefemales in a healthy colony Lifespanof4‐6weeks
insummerand4‐5monthsinwinter Division oflaborbyageandneedsof
colonyleadstothree behavioralworkertypes
4. Workers
Nurse bees (1‐12days)grooming, feedingbrood,cellcleaning
House bees (10‐20 days) cleaning, building comb, storing
pollen/nectar,guarding hive,controlling temp,undertakers
Field bees (20‐40 days) collectingpollen/nectar/water
5. Drones
Fertile males not involved in nest maintenance activities Mature 2
weeks after emerge and hang out in mating swarms Are forced out
of hives in late fall to conserve food resources Die after mating
with virginfemales
6. Queen
The only fertile female in the colony Can lay up to 1,500 eggs a
day during height of season! Produces many pheromones that
elicit a response from other bees within the colony Lifespan of
2‐5years
9. Time to develop varies bycaste
All castes take about 3 days as egg and 6 days as larva Pupal stage varies
from7‐15daysdepending on thecaste
Totaltime:Queen (16days),Worker(21days),Drone (24days)
The hive environment is kept clean and temperature controlled to promote
properdevelopment
Leave the hive to deposit feces, other contaminants Remove dead and
diseasedbees
DEVELOPMENT
11. Use smelland visiontofindflowers.
Hairy bodiescovered inpollenas theysloppilyfillcorbicula
and honeystomach
Structure of flower is adapted to these activities Moving
pollenfromanthertostigmaresultsinpollination
POLLINATION
14. FORAGING
Neednectarfrom2millionflowerstoproduce1gallonofhoney Visit a wide varietyof
plants and over 130 differentcrops Onebeemakes12 ormoretripsperdayandvisits
severaltthousandflowers
Factorsinsideandoutsidethehiveaffectactivity
Outside:temperature,wind,rainfall
Activitypositivelyrelatedtotemp,negativelyrelatedtowind/rain More foragingoccurs
near90oFthan60oF
When windy,beesdroptogroundtoforageandavoidtrees Avoid wetflowers,even
fromsprinklers
Inside:healthof the queen,brood,workers
Strong colonies with many bees arethe most healthyand active Averagehive has
50,000 bees in various stages of development Colonieswithfewbees focuson brood
rearing,havefewerforagers