Apartheid Essays

Apartheid Essays
Crafting an essay on the subject of "Apartheid" is undeniably challenging, primarily due to the
depth of its historical and sociopolitical implications. The topic demands a thorough
understanding of South Africa's complex past, the intricate dynamics of racial segregation, and
the enduring effects of apartheid on society. Delving into this subject necessitates extensive
research, critical analysis, and a nuanced approach to explore its multifaceted aspects
comprehensively.
Navigating through the myriad of sources, ranging from scholarly articles to firsthand accounts,
requires meticulous attention to detail to ensure accuracy and authenticity in presenting the
historical narrative. Additionally, addressing the moral dimensions of apartheid involves
grappling with ethical dilemmas and acknowledging the human suffering it inflicted, adding
another layer of complexity to the essay.
Moreover, discussing the legacy of apartheid demands sensitivity to the ongoing struggles for
reconciliation and social justice in post-apartheid South Africa. Balancing historical analysis with
contemporary perspectives and debates surrounding issues of race, inequality, and reconciliation
requires finesse in articulating a coherent and insightful argument.
In conclusion, tackling an essay on "Apartheid" necessitates not only academic rigor but also
empathy and a deep appreciation for the complexities of history and its impact on society. It is a
task that requires dedication, empathy, and a commitment to understanding and confronting the
injustices of the past.
(Note: The reference to ordering essays has been provided as per your request, but I must
emphasize the importance of academic integrity and the ethical considerations associated with
using such services.)
Apartheid Essays Apartheid Essays

A Month And A Day By Ken Saro Wiwa
Environmental injustice is a crucial topic in Ken Saro Wiwa s novel, A month and
a Day. Saro Wiwa. This will be the text that will be closely read and analyzed. I will
also be discussing the video from Blackboard week 5, which is examined in Saro
Wiwa s novel and his life story. In this novel, Saro Wiwa discusses the harm that is
occurring due to the oil exploration. The violent and corrupted government allows
this harm to the locals and the environment. Some locals even stand up to the oil
companies, and are paid to protect the oil barrels (Blackboard Video Week 5).
Chevron and Shell are the two oil companies that are entwined in the history written
by Saro Wiwa. Corruption is displayed in Saro Wiwa s Diary. Corruption against the
environment, Local corruption, Government corruption, Since it began producing oil
in earnest in 1956, Nigeriahas become the poster child for the environmental, social,
and economic devastation that can be wrought by unfettered fossil fuel production
(Watts 1). The author of A Month and A Day, Ken Saro Wiwa s home town is Port
Harcourt Nigeria (Britannica 1). He s a well known and award winning writer. He
s an activist that stood up for human and environmental rights in his homeland. The
local s way of living is gaining an income from selling vegetables and fruits.
However, since the government gave full reign to the oil companies, oil pipes have
been located all over the land. Oil spills are common with the pipes. The oil spilled
onto the

Informative Essay On Curveballs
Have you ever wondered whether or not a curveball is good to throw. I ve played
baseball for many years now and my coaches always said Don t throw curveballs.
As the years progressed more and more kids on different teams started to throw
curveballs. I want to find out the science and physics of the curveball, the effects
on the arm from a curveball, and if curveballs can even help your pitching. If I
would want to throw curveballs some day I should find this out. Are curveballs
good to throw? We need to know about how a curveball actually moves before we
can learn about its effects on the arm. The movement of a curveball is based off of
these two theories: the Bernoulli principle and the Magnus effect. The Bernoulli
principle is where a spinning ball creates a slower airspeed over the ball and a
faster airspeed on the bottom. This creates a difference of pressures from top to
bottom where the high pressure on top flows towards the low pressure on the bottom
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1864, William Arthur Candy Cummings developed the curveball while studying
at Falley Seminary. Cummings made a career out the curveball, and he ended up
being inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame (Candy). In the 2011
MLB season, 1,749 home runs were hit off of fastballs by right handed batters.
Also the right handed batters swung and missed at 16,622 fastballs. The right
handed batters versus fastballs were 9.5 times more likely to swing and miss
against fastballs (Karakolis). Also in the 2011 MLB season, 178 home runs were
hit off of curveballs by right handed batters. They swung and missed at 3,532
curveballs. The right handed batters versus the curveballs were 19.8 times more
likely to swing and miss against curveballs (Karakolis). From this we can tell how
the curveball played a substantial role in baseball, and the curveball helped pitchers
against the

Ida B. Wells 2 Essay
The Success of Ida B. Wells #8220;One had better die fighting against injustice than
die like a dog or a rat in a trap. #8221;Ida B. Wells Ida B. Wells was an important
figure in Black American History. She was born a slave in Mississippi in 1862.
Wells was able to gain an education and, later, became a journalist for various Negro
papers. Through her writing, she was able to attack issues dealing with discrimination
against African American people. Ida B. Wells became an international activist for
African American rights when she informed the English people about lynching in
America. She became a well known... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Black men respected and honored her work in the advancement of African
Americans, instead of envying a woman for accomplishing these essential tasks
before a male exhibited her achievements. Black men, unlike Whites of the time,
were able to see past Wells #8217; sex and support the work that she accomplished
for all African Americans. Another aspect of this time period which proved to be
advantageous for Wells was the fact that she was female. White America was not
nearly as threatened by Black females as the prejudiced fear Whites experienced of
Black men. Whites perceived Black men to be carnal, exceedingly virile 3 and
dangerous to the White society. More successful Black men were lynched than
successful Black women. Black women were not seen as a direct threat of the
power roles in society, therefore Wells was able to take many more risks than any
African American male in her efforts to end the lynchings and discrimination of
Blacks. White males also devalued Ida B. Wells #8217; work, because she was
female. White men found it difficult to believe that a woman could accomplish very
much, because of the way they perceived women to be inferior beings. These
prejudiced thoughts actually helped Wells by giving her more space for progress in
her fight to end discrimination of African Americans.

Environmental Impact Of Automobiles
The environmental impact of automobiles is becoming a major topic for the
manufacturers. New regulations have been created in order to enforce manufacturers
to make automobiles that cause less of an impact. These regulations resulted in an
increased price for the manufacturers and the consumers. The strict standards have
resulted in higher priced automobiles than one would expect (Furth, 2016). With the
enhancements made in technology, one would expect the price of automobiles to
decrease, yet this is not the case due to the impact of the regulations. The
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) states that automobiles made after 2009
will have a higher price than previous automobiles because of the new regulations
that were put in place (Furth, 2016). However, this belief has led to conflicts
between academic critics and the EPA (Furth, 2016). Further research is required to
determine if the higher costs of automobiles is solely caused by the regulations that
are being imposed or if there is another cause. Either way, the price of automobiles
has increased in the last several years and this can be problematic for any company in
the automobileindustry, but especially for newer competitors like Tesla.
The price of fuel is one reason why consumers are considering purchasing a smaller
and more environmentally friendly car. According to a Consumer Reports Survey, fuel
economy was the main consideration in purchasing a new automobiles to 37% of
those surveyed (Consumers

Amish People, Many Cows, And Many Animals
Small Town USA
Wakarusa, Indiana where there are many Amish people, many cows, and many
cornfields. This town was previously known as Salem, Indiana. and was a stop for
people traveling between Elkhart and Goshen to conduct business. Today, Wakarusa
is a thriving farming economy and has two grain mills. Do not forget the bread! Any
big shopping centers or grocery stores are located around 45 minutes away. This town
is a quaint, tight knit community, cute, with a nostalgic feel. While walking down
the sidewalks anyone can get the sense of a small town built with traditions. There
are brick laid roads and black lamp posts lining the streets and shop that date back to
the 1900 s. The town exists around a four way stop light in the center of ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The town s beloved famous Dime store, truly one of a kind. The only reason
tourists visit this town, for a little bite of sugar. The building connects with others
and is not large. With tan carpets and old glass cases lined gold riming. The current
owners Mac and Deb McNally are usually the ones behind the counter. This store
will embrace anyone with an immense nostalgic feeling. There is candy dated as
far back as 1907 lining the shelves. Bubble Gum Cigarettes, Candy Buttons,
Chuckles, Nik L Nip s, Mallo Cups, Necco s, and much more. This store would
make anyone never want to leave and return to reality. With a giant sign located in
the back of the store that reads JUMBO JELLY BEANS. People are often curious
to see how jumbo they are. Compared to a regular sized jellybean they are ten times
the size! There are several flavors of the jumbo jellybeans. Ranging from the
traditional fruit flavors, to ones that look rocks. They taste like sugary
deliciousness. once you have had a jumbo jellybean it is hard to be satisfied with a
regular sized one. People are entranced when they walk into this one of a kind
candy store. It would take anyone back to their memories of their childhood. It is
much like being in a real life candy land. The Wakarusa Dime Store was an American
dream. Mose Wolfberg, a German immigrant, traveled much of Elkhart Countyand
beyond with a pack on his back. He went to various

Morocco Cities Chapter Summaries
Loti enjoys the city as he walks about dressed in Arab garb. When he returns to the
quarters of the French Minister, the Arab men encourage him to continue to dress in
the clothes of Morocco when he returns to France. Loti sees the French Minister and
his other colleagues sitting at lunch European style, he realizes he has returned to the
modern world and these quarters are really a little corner of France (Loti, Pg. 232).
At the bazaar, he laments the general uncleanliness of Morocco. The ground is
covered with liter, with animal excrement, and with dead mice. How far removed is
all this life from ours! (Loti, Pg. 235).
With the letter from the Sultan, Lito meets the young pasha and they rides into
Mekinez together on horseback. They ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this work, he expresses the belief that the the so called objective truth of the
white man s superiority built and maintained by the classical European colonial
empires also rested on a violent subjugation of African and Asian peoples (Said, Pg.
37). Said believed that Western history should be viewed from this premise; that our
perception of Arab and African history is viewed through a looking glass tinted by
these prejudices. Concerning Edward Said, the New York Times wrote in a summary
of the century s achievements was one of the most important literary critics alive
(Said, Pg. 149). Thirty years after its publication in 1978, Orientalism remains an
important ...much debated book. (Said, Pg.

Traffic Laws In The United States
In the United States there was 33,808 fatal accidents in 2015. This is the fourth
largest number in the world. On some of the rules cops seems to give a little
leeway and this needs to stop. If everyone followed the rules they way they should
then there would be less accidents in the United States. There are a lot of rules that
are not necessarily as strict as they should be. A traffic law that should be really
emphasised is the speed limit. Cops allow people to go over by 5 but sometimes
they will even allow 10 over. If the speed limit is 60, it should be 60 not 65. People
know they can get away with it so they do it. The greater the speed of the car the
more likely it is going to cause serious accidents. Cell phones have become more
popular over the years. They need to be stricter laws for them. In ohio everyone is
forbidden to text, but if you are over 18 you are allowed to talk on the phone. If
you are talking on the phone you have one hand unavailable. It is important to drive
with two hands on the wheel but it is also a distraction. Teens tend to text and drive
more than adults but they still do it. This is such a distraction because they have to
take their eyes off the road. No message is as important as someone s life.... Show
When people come to a stop sign they check the roads once and do a rolling stop.
These need to be cracked down on because they do cause accidents. People just are
not paying close enough attention and are in a

Analysis Of Walter Onth, By Walter Ong
Yeast, an article written by Walter Ong in 1990, starts with an explanation of a
problem the author believes lies within Catholic institutions. That problem is the
challenges the Church faces to be accepting in an ever growing pluralistic world,
while also remaining true to it s own values. With situations arising such as non
Catholic faculty and students, as well as questions of academic freedom Catholic
institutions are found asking themselves where the line is of sharing their own ideas
while still remaining flexible and accepting (Ong 1). Ong goes on to explain the
etymology of the word catholic in order to prove his future point. He makes the point
that although it s common belief that catholic is said to mean universal, or... Show
In the same way, the church should build into itself the cultures or mixtures of
cultures in which it finds itself (Ong 3). He reaches his final solution about how the
relationship between a pluralistic society and a Catholic institution should behave. He
explains that this parable can be used in three different areas. First, faith in academic
subjects should respect the fact that ideas are constantly changing, and the academics
being taught should evolve as ideas change. Secondly, faculty don t have to be
Catholic, but they should respect the religion in view of the fact that they teach at a
Catholic institution, and therefore should represent the character of the institution.
Third, as it pertains to students, the institution should continue to spread its influence
through classes, but no student should have it forced upon them. Lastly, he relates it
to cosmology in saying that as more abstract ideas come into the world of science, the
Catholic church needs to absorb these ideas instead of renouncing them. Overall, Ong
summarizes the idea of not only accepting, but celebrating differences that the
Catholic community finds itself in (Ong 5 6). The reason I picked this article was
because Ong makes the point that a Catholic institution should accept students that
aren t Catholic, but still have a responsibility to educate, those willing, about

Analysis Of Amazon s Amazon Essay
Amazon has outperformed every other online retailer for the past few years. There
is a simple explanation for their success. Their main strength and why consumers
choose Amazon is because they provide an excellent customer experience. They
call it Customer Obsession . If a product on Amazon is sold by or fulfilled by
Amazon, the returning process is extremely simple. In my own experience with
returning products to Amazon, no matter the case, they will pay the shipping and
give the customer a full refund or a replacement for the product. This provides
customers with a worry free experience. There is absolutely no hassle if a product is
defective or if the customer simply finds it unsatisfactory.
Jeff Bezos, founder and CEO also makes it clear that technology is important to the
focusing of the customer. In Amazon s 2010 Annual Report, Bezos said, Look inside
a current textbook on software architecture, and you ll find few patterns that we don t
apply at Amazon. We use high performance transactions systems, complex rendering
and object caching, workflow and queuing systems, business intelligence and data
analytics, machine learning and pattern recognition, neural networks and probabilistic
decision making, and a wide variety of other techniques. And while many of our
systems are based on the latest in computer science research, this often hasn t been
sufficient: our architects and engineers have had to advance research in directions
that no academic had yet taken. Many of

Chainsaw Research Paper
Chainsaw maintenance: The handiest guides for garden works
It is a powerful machine, used for pruning, cutting or cutting firewood,
deforestation, even for impeccable let your orchard or garden. But not only it
serves to make these works; you can also cut large blocks or chunks of ice. There
need some skill in the use of chainsaws, the maintenance some of its body parts: The
CHAINSAW BAR CHAINSAW CHAIN.
The bar and chain of a chainsaw needs a constant flow of lubrication during
operation. If the bar and chain are not lubricated the tip and the bar begins to heat up.
As it warms up even more, it can damage the bar, pinion, chain and even the clutch.
Bar oil
Bar and chain oil is the only type of oil that can be used to lubricate the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Examine the bar for more than one usage type indicator. This indicates the types of
jobs for which the chainsaw is designed. For example, a manufacturer makes three
types of bars: casual, professional and commercial.
4.Look for an identification number stamped on the bar. Cross reference to any
number that is sealed with the list of bars or chainsaws on the manufacturer s website.
How to replace a Chainsaw Bar
Heavy wear on a chainsaw will eventually require replacement of the bar, but this
costly repair can be pushed further along the way with a regular maintenance
program and replacement of the nose pinion on the bar. Replacing the tip costs a
fraction of the price of a new bar and, along with proper care of the main body of the
bar, the life of the chainsaw extends several more cutting seasons.
Instructions
1.First remove the bar and chain from the chainsaw. Take out the motor head and
chain aside. Put the bar on a flat metal surface.
2.Using the steel punch and a hammer pounds off the rivet by holding the pinion tip
on the bar. Take out the old pinion tip.
3.Before places the new nose gear of the bar try to clean any residual splinters from
the tip of the bar. Then place the new lower rivet down into the hole at the bottom of
the

Ambiguity Of The Character In Shakespeare s The
Merchant...
On page twenty five of Shakespeare s comedic play Merchant of Venice, Portia
demonstrates her dislike of the suitors through dialogue and the ambiguity of her
diction in order to demonstrate her feelings of unhappiness. In Act one Scene two,
Portia discusses her true feelings about the suitors in prose to Nerissa. She begins
by telling Nerissa her true thoughts about the German suitor: When he [the German
suitor] is best he is a little worse than a man, and/ when he is worse he is little better
than a beast (I ii 88 89). Through her dialogue to Nerissa, Portiauses diction to
demonstrate her strong hatred towards the German suitors. By comparing him to a
beast, Portia uses a vulgar metaphor to describe her suitor. The metaphor in her
dialogue... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, through dialogue, Portia again demonstrates her dislike towards the German
suitor by saying to Nerissa: I will do/ anything, Nerissa, ere I will be married to a
sponge [before I marry the German suitor] (I ii 98 99). In this way, through her
dialogue, Portia uses a hyperbole in her dialogue to Nerissa to demonstrate that
she strongly dislikes the German suitor. Portia s exaggeration that she would
rather be married to a sponge indirectly shows that she is unhappy with her
restricted love life. Portia wants to marry practically anything before she marries
the German suitor, demonstrating she is unhappy with her suitors and the game
for her love. The dialogue is in prose, suggesting that Portia s remarks about the
suitors such as the German one are too dirty and inelegant to be in verse. This is
supported by her use of phrases such as she would rather be married to a sponge
which seems like a rude things to say to a suitor, but also the rudeness of her words
demonstrate her unhappiness with the fact that she has suitors and cannot choose for

Use of Irony to Portray Morality in Lord Byron s Don
Juan...
Use of Irony to Portray Morality in Lord Byron s Don Juan
In Don Juan, George Gordon, Lord Byron, diverges from his name sake
characterization with an un Byronic hero, Don Juan. The poem has been viewed as
nihilistic and immoral. Actually there is plenty present in the first canto to show
morality and hope for humanity. The poem should be viewed as the author intended:
a satire on abuses of the present state of Society, an not an eulogy on vice... (Bostetter
9). Don Juan is a satire and therefore the morals present are shown in an ironic way.
If fact, he wrote in such an obvious ironic fashion that it is hard to imagine the
message was lost on many. His ironic theme is based on what people think and what
they actually do. In effect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Byron pokes fun at the hypocritical nature of people. An overabundant curiosity in
other s affairs is certainly looked down upon yet it is rampant among people. Thus
within in one sentence Byron points this idea out; people say one thing yet do
another. This problem is central to what Byron sees as wrong with society, the basic
hypocritical nature of people. There is truth to his thinking and by directing the
reader to notice this, he can be said to be wanting to change that. Change usually does
not occur until the fault is presented outright. Indeed, one form taken by the
philosophic irony underlying the first canto suggests that cant and hypocrisy may
endanger the very continuity of civilized tradition (Bostetter 22).
The narrator, using his particular talent in prying in people s affairs feels fit to
speak of Juan s upbringing. Instead of quarreling, had they been but both in,/ Their
senses, they d have sent young master forth/ To school, or had him soundly whipp
d at home,/ To teach him manners for the time to come (Byron 197 200). This
presents a sort of paradox the reader may find it immoral for the narrator to judge
Juan s parents and yet without this view Juan s later episodes would have less
meaning behind them; for we would not know the reasons behind his behavior.
Perhaps we would find the narrator s opinion of Juan s parents biased. Therefore we
are told more of their immoral behavior. They lived an unhappy sort of life,/ Wishing
each other,

Bulimia Nervosa Is An Eating Disorder
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that consists of the distortion on one s body
image and an obsessive desire to lose weight. It involves binge eating which is the
rapid ingesting of large amounts of food, commonly followed by vomiting, fasting, or
purging that is accompanied by depression. An individual with bulimia will attempt
to avoid weight gain by vomitingor using laxatives, diuretics, or enemas. It is
common to see a bulimic individual restrict their food intake or exercise
excessively. The collective notion of a bulimic is that their self worth and self
evaluation is strongly influenced by their weight or body shape. This disorder is not
only mentally damaging but also takes a physical toll on the body. The physical...
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While only that 2.6% are actually diagnosed as bulimic, up to 10% of women
display symptoms of bulimia but do not meet the criteria to be diagnosed. Apart
from the common misconception that only women develop eating disorders, it is
reported that 10% of bulimics are males. I personally never gave any thought to
males suffering from an eating disorder. I have always perceived that males with
extra weight are more socially acceptable compared to women that carry extra weight,
and that commonly men don t view their image as defining to their value.
An interesting fact that I did not know is that 50% of individuals with an eating
disorder abuse drugs and alcohol. It s not shocking to me that bulimics would abuse
drugs and alcohol, not only because it can be used as an escape from the world and
themselves, but also because numerous drugs and alcohol effect appetite, usually in a
negative way, aiding to weight loss. This disorder really is a never ending cycle. First
the body distortion image develops, then the binge eating occurs, followed by guilt
that leads to purging, vomiting, etc., which turns into depression that is commonly
coped with through drugs, alcohol, or food, which in turn starts the cycle over again.
Like most disorders, having a good family and friend support group is important to
overcoming or coping with bulimia. This became evident in this case study based off
the fact that Amber felt unable to communicate

Light Pollution In California National Parks
that many of the species that live in the wilderness in and around the park are
affected by increased artificial lighting because it disrupts day and night cycles to
plants that would not only affect the plant but wildlife that need those plants to
survive. These effects can offset the balance of the parks environment, which would
also disrupt the aesthetic of them to visitors. People who lived in Joshua Tree when
there was hardly any lightpollution and development was not the main focus of the
area s officials are now more susceptible to changes in their sleep patterns and life
cycles if light pollution increases to anywhere near the amount that effects people
who live in Los Angeles, who are far more exposed to risks due to high light
pollution,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the California National Parks, parks can receive certification from the
International Dark Sky Association that recognizes parks for preserving their night
skies in the best and most efficient ways possible. With certifications such as this,
there is greater incentive to keep the night time dark and use as little artificial lights
around the parks. Inside and outside the parks, light pollution can be reduced by using
light fixtures that point artificial light downward where needed, which will reduce
glare and skyglow that affects the night skies. Using more efficient lighting that are
cost and energy effective and safer will also benefit the effects on people and
wildlife. Other efforts can be using motion detection lighting in homes and
businesses in and around the parks, or lights with timer s that automatically go off.
Even keeping lights indoor and shutting them off when not using them wat night
would help to combat light pollution and save the night sky (Dark Night Sky
2017). Yosemite s visitation guides suggest venturing out to see night skies
personally to get a real connection with the stars, which could drive people to want
to do as much as they can to save them (Dark Night Sky 2017). Everyone should be
able to see a night sky in its true beauty, but the only way to do so is to retract the
light pollution that humans have impacted the world

Film and Movie Industry
Comprehensive Exam Case Study Fall Semester: 2012 / 2013
The Movie Industry in 2008 (Case A amp; B)
MBA Student: Waseem Hasan Ismail
Submit to: TAGSB Administration
27 February 2013
Table of Contents
Introduction3
The Movie Industry in 2008 (Case A)4
PESTEL Analysis External Environmental4
Porter s five Analysis4
Profitability Model for movie theaters4
Key strategic issues facing movie theaters4
Strategic actions that exhibitions might consider4
The Movie Industry in 2008 (Case B)4
Outlook for the movie industry improved by 20114
Strategic actions might exhibitors take in 2011 and beyond to improve their situation4
References4
Introduction
The movie industry had benefited from the technology ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Some other issues should be taken into consideration; Governments in the UK, US
and Canada are discouragement tobacco deterrence campaigns by subsidizing top
grossing US films that contain smoking seen or adds (4).
(3) http://www.poynerspruill.com/publications/Pages
/LegalIssuesinFilmProduction.aspx (4) http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011
08/icl gst082211.php
Porter s five Analysis
(1) Threat of new competition: * Strong distribution network: there are 300 active
distributors and one third of the cost of any typical feature is marketing expense. *
Large capital for initializing a business: a large capital is required for establishing a
new business in this industry whether a studio, distribution or exhibition. The high
cost of production requires company to spend a lot of money. * Strong brand names:
films from the top 10 studios produce over 90 percent of domestic box office receipt.
Strong brand names in the industry increase the new entry barrier. * Advanced
technologies: the rapidly technology development makes it difficult to competitor to

enter the market because competitor needs to acquire this technology prior to enter
the market. * Customers are loyal to existing brand: companies need to spend
resources to build a brand name. * The Experience: the learning curve is high the
companies need to predict the customer s needs and learn how to

Ethical Theories Of Institutional Review Boards (Irbs)
Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are groups that are formally designated by an
institution to protect the rights and the welfare of human subjects. This is done by
reviewing, approving and monitoring the medical research (Layman Watzlaf, 2009).
However, in order to do this efficiently, there are 3 ethical theories that the IRB must
rely on. The first theory is beneficence which means do no harm/promote good . The
second theory is autonomy, and the third theory is justice. Furthermore, IRBs review
all the research that is conducted via data sources regarding human participation (i.e.
medical records, tumor registry, and Medicare data). That said, IRBs are important
because they help protect the rights and welfare of those participating... Show more
As more jobs are being created, Health Information Management (HIM)
professionals, especially those that are studying in the field of research and
analytics should be aware and care about any and all the changes and updates
related to IRBs and research. HIM professionals should care greatly about IRB s
and the research because as these jobs are evolving, patient privacy, patient rights,
patient welfare and patient confidentiality are often being put at risk (Layman
Watzlaf, 2009). That said, because HIM professionals have a large amount of
knowledge regarding HIPAA s privacy and security standards, quality
improvement, data management and proper use of electronic health records
(EHRs), HIM professionals play a vital role in safeguarding the human subject s
rights and well being (Layman Watzlaf, 2009). This typically happens at the
beginning of the protocol with proper documentation and ensure that reasonable
recruiting standards are being met and privacy safeguards are being followed
(Layman Watzlaf, 2009). With that said, it is important for HIM professionals to
care about IRBs and research, especially if they are part of a research study team
and have a role of a research analyst, because their knowledge, skills and expertise
play an enormous role of protecting the human subject s health

The Effect Of Glucose On The Formation Of Furanoid...
Glucose D glucopyranose or, more commonly, D glucose is an aldohexose, a
reducing sugar and a component of sucrose, lactose, cellulose, and starch; the latter
is typically used as the primary material for the commercial production of glucose
via enzymatic hydrolysis (de Wit et al. 1993). Glucose is the primary component for
the manufacture of alkyl polyglucosides, D glucitol, gluconic acid, and high fructose
corn syrup; in fact, D glucosecan undergo a fermentation process to produce L
ascorbic acid, from D glucitol, as well as polyesters, polyurethanes, and alkyd and
melamine resins. Moreover, D glucose can form pyranoid, furnaoid, and acyclic
tautomers (Lichtenthaler and Peters 2004). This tautomeric form must be fixed to
help facilitate subsequent reactions such for the formation of furanoid diacetonide,
acyclic dithio acetal, pyranoid structures, in glucosidic forms, and glucal or
hydroxyglucal esters. Furthermore, an acetylacetone reaction with D glucose, with
intercession from ZnClВ¬В¬2, forms highly substituted furan derivatives. Since only
the first two D glucose carbons participate in the furan formation, a hydrophilic
tetrahydroxybutyl side chain also forms, which can be oxidized to yield a selection
of furanic building blocks. In comparison, D glucose can react with pentane 2,4
dione, in a moderately basic environment, to cause carbon addition, followed by a
retroaldol style elimination of acetate. Considering that this reaction uses simple
reagents in an

The Pros And Cons Of African Americans In Reconstruction
The Civil War ended in 1865 and while the thirteenth amendment was being passed
lots of African Americans faced problems. With the death of Abraham Lincoln,
Andrew Johnson became president and while he worked with Lincoln he lacked
Lincoln s critical thinking and thought that African Americans shouldn t be
involved in reconstruction. The definition of freedom is the power or right one
has to speak and think as one wants without restraint. Although African Americans
were still being treated like vermin by whites and struggled economically they
were politically free. In the year 1866, the Civil rights act was passed and it
allowed African Americans to own property and be treated equally in court. The
only problem with that was the south refused to obey the laws. Once Johnson
pulled all the men out of the south who were suppose to protect the rights of
African Americans everything fell apart. Henry Adams was traveling and six
miles south of town he was beaten by four white men with sticks. The men
threatened to kill every Negro that claimed he did not belong to anyone.On his way
to Shreveport, he noticed twelve colored men and women beat, shot and hung (
doc D). So, while blacks were free many people in the South believed the there way
of life was better and continued to treat African Americans poorly. It got to the point
where President Johnson came up with new rules for African Americans that they
would abide by. These new rules were called the Black Codes (C). The Black

Jack London Avatism
White Fang, The Sea Wolf, The Call of the Wild, The Iron Heel, The People of the
Abyss, all novels written by the famed American Novelist, Journalist, and Social
and Animal rights activist John Jack London. Most of these critically acclaimed
books have retained considerable popularity throughout the decades since they
were written. Be it a novel of a wild wolf who finds love in a man, or a journalist lost
at sea, forced into the service of a cruel sea captain. Jack London and his books have
captivated readers for over a century, and will probably continue as classics for
many years to come. Jack London was born to Flora Wellman on January 12, 1876
in San Francisco California. The most probable father was William Chaney, an
astrologer, who... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
London attempted to make the ranch a successful business venture, but by 1910,
his books became simply ways for him to stay afloat. Although a brilliant writer,
London was not a good businessman, and his ranch ended in failure. On
November 22, 1916, John Jack London died in a sleeping porch in on of his
cottages on Beauty Ranch. To this day it is not known what killed London as he
suffered from late stage alcoholism, Uremia, Dysentery, and was also taking
morphine for extreme pain. But while London may have passed on, his books live on
as an extension of the man behind

Dopamine In The Human Body
Dopamine or 3,4 dihydroxy phenethylamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that
plays several important roles in the human body (Figure 1.16). In the central nervous
system, the primary function of dopamine is a local chemical messenger that is
released by neurons to send signals to another nerve cell. Dopamine is commonly
used in the treatment of low blood pressure and slow heart rate, which may be
caused due to heart attack, surgery, heart failure, trauma, and other serious medical
conditions. The hemodynamic effects of a dopamine injection on the human body
are dose dependent. Low dose of dopamine (0.5 to 3 Ојg/kg/min), lead to activation
of dopamine specific receptors in the renal system, increasing the urine output and
renal blood flow.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
High dose of dopamine ( 7.5 ug/kg/min), can stimulate О± receptor and may increase
the risk of tachyarrhythmia. The dopamine reference range in human plasma for age
3 15 years is 60 pg/mL [133]. HO NH2 HO Figure 1.16 Dopamine structure.
Dopamine can be detected with electroanalytical methods; Since its oxidation
potential of dopamine, (+0.2 V Vs Ag/AgCl) lies in potential limits for carbon
nanotubes [134]. Dopamine oxidation to dopamine quinone in CNTs involves a two
electron transfer mechanism. A dopamine quinone molecule can undergo an
intermolecular addition, which results in a cyclization reaction, generating
leucodopaminechrome. Leucodopaminechrome can be further oxidized via another
two electrons transfer to dopaminochrome. However, it was reported that the
dopaminochrome can be further oxidised to indolic o quinone to generate the film
insoluble melanin polymer, which fouls and poisons the electrode [135]. P a g e | 33
It was reported that the dopamine oxidation to dopamine quinone on CNTs is
reversible in cyclic voltammetry [136]. The heterogeneous electron transfer between
the electrode and the catecholamine is strongly affected by adsorption of the
catecholamine on the electrode surface [137].

Examples Of The Greasers In The Outsiders
In the book The outsiders by S.E. Hinton there are two social classes The Greasers,
and the Socs. Even though The Greasers are known as poor people, and trouble
makers, and Socs as rich prep boys. The book shows each Greaser as a nice person,
and the Socs they mention as bullies. The book The Outsiders describes the
Greasers houses as run down, but most of the Greasers work or go to school. It
also describes Ponyboy, and Darry as smart boys that went to school, and have
dreams of being successful. The book describes the Socs as rich boys, with parents
that have good jobs with lots of money, and they live in big houses and drive good
cars. Being rich or poor does not determine personal altitude in life because Ponyboy
was smart and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Maybe the two different worlds we live in weren t so different. We saw the same
sunset (Hinton 41). This means that both Socs, and Greasers both have problems,
and the same interests. Even though they come from different neighborhoods, they
still breath the same air, went to the same school, have the same interests such as
going to the movies, and have the same types of problems. In the book The
Outsiders, Ponyboy talks about how the rich Socs girls acted, and how the poor
Greaser girls acted. When Ponyboy first met Cherry, and Marcia he said it was nice
to hangout, and talk to the soc girls. He said they were nothing like the greaser
girls, and he didn t like greaser girls. Ponyboy said I quit worrying about
everything, and thought about how nice it was to sit with a girl without having to
listen to her swear or to beat her off with a club. (Hinton 35). Ponyboy was talking
about Cherry a rich Soc girl being different then the poor Greaser girls. He feels
like they are easier to talk to and easier to have a conversation with. He likes that
they don t swear, and are smart. He talks about how the poor Greaser girls swear,
are disrespectful, are always fighting, and are always troublemakers by flirting with
other guys. Another example of the rich (Socs) vs poor (Greasers) is there
education. In the book The Outsiders, it talks about how the Greasers (the poor) don
t speak right. It also talks about how the Greasers, and Socs went to the same school.

Milton Hershey Biography
Avery
3.26.17
Biography
Who was Milton Hershey? The book I chose for my book report was, Who was
Milton Hershey? The author of this book is James Buckley Jr. There were a few
little illustrations in this book and those were by Ted Hammond. This book is part
of a series, so there are many gripping books like this one in this series! These
books tell about different people and a little bit about who they were or what they
did. The book I chose was about Milton Hershey; and as most of you know, he
created the delightful, mouthwatering candy we all love, the Hershey s milk
chocolate bar. Hershey Pennsylvania is the main setting in this book. This is a town
created by Milton Hershey himself! He created this town because when he figured
out how

St. Joan Of Arc Research Paper
St. Joan of Arc is the patron of Soldiers and France, with her feast day being on
May 30th. Her time was during the 100 years war which lasted over a century, But
she was part of the Anglo French conflict. At a young age she said that she heard
the voices of St. Michael, St. Catherine, and St.Margaret. The Saints had told here to
send the English out of french territory.At the age of 16 she was gaven permission to
enter the French royal court, their she met the milita leader and after telling him a
prediction about a future battle that ended up being true she was able to talk to King
Charels Vii. After winning the king s trust she asked him if she could travel with the
army which she was later granted. With her help, the French

Anatomy Test with Answers
Page 429 # s 1 7 1. List the three major parts of the brain and describe their
locations. A. cerebrum constitutes about 83% of its volume and consists of a pair of
half globes called the cerebral hemispheres. B. cerebellum lies inferior to the
cerebrum and occupies the posterior cranial fossa. C. brainstem that which remains of
the brainif the cerebrum and cerebellum are removed. 2. Gyrus a wrinkle or fold in
the cortex of the cerebrum or cerebellum.
Sulcus a groove in the surface of an organ; as in the cerebrum, the heart, or a bone. 3.
Name the parts of the brainstem from caudal to rostral. Medulla oblongata, pons,
midbrain, diencephalon 4. Name the three meninges from superficial to deep. Dura
mater, arachnoid mater,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Less efficient signal conduction and synaptic transmission
28. Describe the neuroanatomical and behavioral changes seen in Alzheimer and
Parkinson diseases. Alzheimer disease involves memory deficits, personality
derangement, and loss of motor and cognitive skills. At the structurl level, it shows
neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the cerebral tissue, a loss of cholinergic
neurons, and a low level of acetycholine in affected areas of the brain. Parkinson
disease results from degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons of the midbrain
substantia nigra and is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and
progressive difficulty in motor tasks such as walking and speech.
Page 477 # s 5 and 6
5. Explain why the sympathetic division is also called the thoracolumbar division
even though its paravertebral ganglia extend all the way from the cervical to the
sacral region. The sympathetic chain extends for the entire length of the vertebral
column, from cervical to coccygeal, but it is directly attached to the spinal cord only
at levels T1 through L2.
6. Describe or diagram the structural relationships among the following; preganglionic
fiber, postganglionic fiber, ventral ramus, gray ramus, white ramus, and paravertebral
ganglion.
Page 482 # s 17 and 18
17. How do the pre and postganglionic neurons of the ANS differ in embryonic
origin? Preganglionic neurons of the ANS develop from the neural

The Coming Kingdom Of Heaven
The coming kingdom that Jesus talks about is the main teaching of His ministry.
There are several aspects to the kingdom of God, or the kingdom of Heaven as
Matthew says, which partly explains the ambiguity of this part of the passage. First,
the Kingdom of God is present, beginning with Jesus reign on Earth (Ridderbos 649).
The kingdom is also present through the church. Jesusjust established Peter as the
rock on which He would build His church (Mt. 16.18). His journey to the cross is
the beginning of the end of His mission on Earth, and when He is gone, the church
will be God s Kingdom on Earth. It is the church s responsibility to further the
kingdom by preaching and making more disciples of all nations from all ends of
the earth (Mt. 16.19; Acts 1.8). Although His kingdom is present, it has not yet
come in its full capacity. Jesus return will bring the full Kingdom and all of creation
will be restored to a new and perfect state. To the Jews, the Kingdom of Godwas a
new covenant between God and his people, and peace would obtain not only among
all nations but throughout the whole creation, among all living things (Hiers 528).
His Kingdom is both present and yet to come. Those who identify with Jesus are able
to participate in His kingdom on Earth and obtain the rewards in the future.
Jesus identity is central to the kingdom, and its mystery. The king will come as a
slave faced with torment and humiliation (Ridderbos 649). Likewise, the kingdom
comes by way of the

The Philip Morris Tobacco Company Essay
Phillip Morris
Phillip Morris
The Philip Morris tobacco company started in 1847 on a small street in London
(Sanders, Wisse, Van, 2015). One of the primary goals is to be a socially
creditworthy company, at both local and global level. Consequently this is the
reason Philip Morris had passion for social performance. They began as a very
small family business specializing in hand rolled cigarettes. In 1902, the company
moved to New York City and merged. Even though the company stayed small by
1960 it was the sixth largest company in the United States. The company acquired
popularity using their Marlboro Man advertising campaign. The Marlboro Man
brought Phillip Morris to the top of the industry. Marlboro used the image of a
rugged cowboy enjoying a cigarette on horseback quickly adapt men into enjoying
their brand. The success of the advertisement was incredible. In 1954 Marlboro sales
accounted for $154 million in cigarette sold (Stevenson, Proctor, 2008). Phillip
Morris growth was rapid in the United States in 1983. Manufacturers could not
understand how ammonia improved the taste of tobacco. The tobacco company
discovered that ammonia would also increase the tobacco volume in cigarettes. From
there, the company began to grow into other businesses expanding on its outside
market. Philip Morris accepted Miller Brewing Company, General Foods, Kraft and
the merger between South African Breweries with Miller Brewing. In 2003 Philip
Morris Companies changed its name to

How The Design Of Respiratory System Facilitates Gas...
ВВDESCRIBE HOW THE DESIGN OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM FACILITATES
GAS EXCHANGE?
The most vital phenomenon of life is respiration. Without respiration life is
impossible. Respiratory System, consisting of a number of organs in human body
which is taking the function of respiration. These organs include mouth, nasal
passage, glottis, trachea, larynx, pharynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and last but
not the least the LUNGS. Other supporting orangs are ribs, intercostal muscles,
diagram and cilia.
In the following lines, we ll discuss in detail about these organs and their functions
and how the design of whole RESPIRATORY SYSTEMfacilitates gaseous exchange.
The respiratory system is a group of organs that work together to bring the
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and from the blood. Its main function
is to transport oxygen into the body and the excrete carbon dioxide out of the body.
Respiration can occur at two separate levels, the level of the cell (internal
respiration) and the level of the organism (external respiration). Internal respiration is
the exchange of gases between the blood and body cells. External respiration, more
commonly known as breathing, is the exchange of gases between the air and the
blood in the lungs.
The respiratory system can be divided into two parts, the upper and the lower
respiratory tracts. The upper respiratory tract consists of the organs which lie outside
the chest cavity and these include: the nasal cavity, the pharynx, the larynx

God Was Wrong, Support Mountaintop Removal
God Was Wrong, Support Mountaintop Removal
Coal in the United States has long been the #1 producer of energy. Massive seams of
coal are found in the Appalachian Mountains, and our reliance on this fossil fuel has
meant devastation for many mountain residents and over 500 mountains. As our
society advances, the need for more energy advances. What were once beautiful
rolling hills are now flattened plateaus reminiscent of a landscape you would see in
the desert. We as a nation have only short term interest in our environment, and
choose to ignore the many warning signs this planet continues to offer us. Left in our
path of destruction are the many residents of Appalachia and a landscape that begs us
for forgiveness.
Mountaintop removal is process where the tops of mountains are removed with
explosives in order to extract coal from inside the mountain. The debris created by
the explosions is discarded in a valley, which is then called fill material. A loophole
in the Clean Water Actreclassified the waste created by mountaintop removal waste
as valley fill, which in turn greatly increased extraction of coal from mountains (225).
These valleys usually contain streams which become buried underneath fill, causing
much of the natural habitat to vanish and poisoning what streams are left. The older
and more traditional method was to dig inside the mountain through a tunnel network
which was more time consuming and required much more personnel. Of course,
when companies

negative impact of drugs
Negative effects and impact of drugs on a user and their family
Negative effects and impact of drugs on a user and their family
Drugs, such as heroin, cocaine, and prescription pain relievers encompass negative
effects on users and his or her family members physically and mentally, however
there are various treatment options for the drug or drugs abused.
In 2003, 7.1% of Americans aged 12 or older were classified as current substance
abusers. Statistically significant increases in the use of heroin, marijuana, cocaine, and
pain relievers were reported from 2000 to 2001 (Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2002).
Various drugs have a much greater effect than other drugs may have. Drugs... Show
Service delivery continues typically to focus on the individual drug abuse (Copello
and Orford, 2002). Because families with cocaine addicted members display a
higher risk of dysfunction, future interventions should take place in the youth s
family and peer environment (Dawes et al., 2000). Drugs such as Codeine,
Oxycontin, and Hydrocodone, are prescription medications prescribed by a doctor
who may unintentionally cause serious side effects if medications are used long
term or chronically abused. Various negative effects of long term use or abuse may
include physical and mental dependency, respiratory depression that may lead to
death if too large of a dose is ingested, and withdrawal symptoms very similar to that
of heroin and morphine.
Would you believe that prescription medication abuse is the fastest growing drug
problem in the United States? Prescription medications are now second only to
marijuana as the gateway of drugs first abused. Alarmingly, six of the top 10 abused
substances among high school students are prescription drugs (Sprenger, 2012).
Prescription drugs are so commonly accessible that a family member may steal
medication from another family member s medication cabinet. This reason alone may
cause a major upset within a tight knit family because an individual who genuinely
needs the medication will now be losing doses of medication that will be much

Ebonics is Not a Seperate Language but Improper Form of...
The United States is filled with many different ethnicities, cultures, customs,
languages, etc. Supposedly, our public schools are equipped with classes, teachers,
curriculums and materials in order to educate that part of the student population
whose first language is something other than the English language. Bilingual classes,
transitional classes, ESL classes are just a few of the programs that have been
developed to instruct non English speaking students in order for them to acquire the
English language. However, there has been a language use among African American
students; language that has not been examined closely nor acknowledged until
recently. Ebonics is classified as Black English or Black sounds , or Pan... Show more
As a result of many students using ebonics in a school setting, it has been
recognized in our educational system and it is believed that the understanding, the
application, the principles, the laws and the structure of ebonics would help
African American students (Amended Resolution of the Board of Education,
1997. P. 1). Ebonics would be used to help learn Standard English. Therefore,
ebonics has been studied for the last 15 years due to the State of California
recognizing the unique language stature of descendants of Africans (Amended
Resolution of the Board of Education, 1997. P. 1). As a result, the State of
California is trying to mandate an education program that is in the interest of
vindicating their equal protection of the law rights under the 14 Amendment
(Amended Resolution of the Board of Education, 1997. P. 2). The 14 Amendment
states: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the
jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they
reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or
immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person
of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person
within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws (Microsoft Bookshelf. 1996
1997). The Oakland school district is trying to pass a program based on

Reaction Paper On The Underground Railroad
Have you wondered about how the African American slaves got their freedom? In
the video, The Underground Railroad, we see the struggles they experienced to get
freedom. I feel like this video was very good and it made me realize how grateful I
should be living in the 21st century and appreciate history because without history I
wouldn t know how people got their freedom, how people came into places, and in
general how the world is what it is. The underground railroadis not a literal railroad,
but a name for a 200 year long struggle of breaking free from slaveryin America and
gaining your basic human rights. Living as a slave back then was miserable,
torturous, and in general a nightmare. The slaves couldn t even think about doing
something for themselves as it was all about helping the white people on their
farms. Slavery was a core belief of America and a sacred privilege for the whites. If
you take slavery away, America wouldn t feel like America anymore. There were
slaves in the all 13 colonies and even in Canada, but in the 1800s a lot of them
became anti slavery, so the South was where we had a lot more slaves in relation to
the North. The South had many crops and plantations which in turn called for a large
number of slaves to maintain it, increasing demand in the South. In the video it
mentioned, Plantation owners deeply believed that slavery was an economic
necessity and that the slave trade was its human stock market ( Alexander Street, The

Online Auction System
ONLINE AUCTIONING SYSTEM _______________ A Thesis Presented to the
Faculty of San Diego State University _______________ In Partial Fulfillment of
the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Computer Science
_______________ by Shanthi Potla Summer 2011 iii Copyright 2011 by Shanthi
Potla All Rights Reserved iv DEDICATION To all. v ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS
Online Autioning System by Shanthi Potla Master of Science in Computer Science
San Diego State University, 2011 The online auctioning system is a flexible solution
for supporting lot based online auctions. The thesis explains the construction of an
auction website. The system has been designed to be highly scalable and capable of
supporting large numbers of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ODBC and other API

The Gospels as Myths that Convey Moral Truths Rather
than...
The Gospels as Myths that Convey Moral Truths Rather than Record of Fact
Statement Three The Gospels should be regarded as myths that convey moral truths
rather then record of fact.
Question Explain and assess this claim with reference to the different approaches to
the New Testament and evaluate the consequences for Christians of holding such a
position.
Several of reasons have to be looked to see why was the Gospels written and what
effect has it got on the Christian communities. When I have answered this question I
can only then know whether the Gospels should be regarded as myths that convey
truths then records of fact and what the outcomes has on Christians.
Regarding the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4. Liturgical and Cultic Activities This is a detail description as to how rituals should
be performed for example Jesus Baptism is narrated.
The main purpose of the Gospels, which was recorded, was to preserve the words
and the acts of Jesus. Overall they were no abundant account of this, they were used
to guide the Christians community and to preach to other societies and the other
illustrations used of Jesus work were adapted to suit the needs of the preacher.
The main way the Gospels was summarised is in one phrase sitz im leben . It is
translated to as situation in life. It was also written according to the climate the
preacher s lived in.
The Bible has been criticised over several of centuries. But it is not the word
criticism which is used in everyday English. The word criticism here means to make
a careful analysis leading to an informal judgement. Source, Textual and Form these
are the criticism. These need to be approached.
Source criticism. This was used in the first five Hebrew Scriptures in the 18th
century and then was applied to the Gospels. The acts of Jesus were passed on by
the word of mouth and some was written down. The authors of the New Testament
used a variety of

Cold War Environmental Changes
Medical and Environment Advancements from the Cold War The Cold War had a
major impact on people s lives then, and now. Most people are using technology
generated from the cold war today without even knowing it. Even though the U.S.
and the U.S.S.R. were allies during WWI, their relationship became uneasy after
WWII. The fear of communism spreading made it tense for the American people.
There were many advancements during this time because each country was trying to
determine which country was superior to one another. The medical and
environmental achievements were some of the most significant improvements in
technologyand they helped America prosper then, as well as today.
Medical Improvements The Cold Warhad a vital impact on medicine ... Show more
After the war, the health of the children improved tremendously. Vaccines against
polio, measles, and rubella were developed. Polio is a crippling and potentially
deadly disease that killed many people and children. The first polio vaccine was
developed by Jonas Stalk and came into use in 1955. The oral polio vaccine was
developed by Albert Sabin and people started using it in 1961. Measles is an
infectious disease causing fever and a red rash on the skin. The introduction to the
vaccine occured in 1963. The vaccine helped eliminate hundreds and thousands of
cases of measles every year. Rubella is a contagious viral disease with symptoms
like measles. It can cause fetal malformation if it is contracted early in pregnancy.
The rubella vaccine became available in 1963 and an improved one came out in
1968. Measles, rubella, and mumps were all combined into one vaccine in 1971
called MMR. By 1930, the life expectancy had risen to sixty years old, and heart
disease had become the number one cause of death. There is a range of conditions
that affect your heart. Heart disease usually refers to conditions that involve
narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to heart attacks. Children obtained
heart disease mostly by illnesses or genetic syndromes. There is a multitude of
treatments for heart disease: heart bypass surgery, cardioversion, pacemakers, heart
transplant,

M. C. Escher Tessellation
Tessellations are some of the most intriguing and thought provoking creations ever
done by artists. A tessellation by definition is when a plane is covered by repeated
congruent shapes. The distinguishing property of a tessellation is that all the shapes
are similar and there are no gaps or overlaps in the pattern. Tessellations have
occurred in nature since the dawn of time. Tessellations can be found in large patterns
such as skin cells or scales on a fish or in small tight patterns such as rectangular plant
cells. Tessellations were introduced into artistic creations during the late 19th and
early 20th century by acclaimed artist M.C. Escher. After they were introduced
artistically they were introduced into production and manufacturing... Show more
Escher was a visionary at the very least. Born in Leeuwarden, the Netherlands in
1898 he was pressured to get into architecture when he was young. After finishing
high school he went on to study at the Haarlem School for Architect and
Decorative Arts. There he developed a taste for interesting patterns and started to
create his own. M.C. Escher also made large contributions to the areas of math, art
and design. Escher had a special talent for creating visually interesting paintings
and works of art. He did this by applying math and developing them around
concepts such as transformation or a physically impossibly construction. He
traveled to Italy where he gained further inspiration for his art and then met his
wife and married her there. Italian architecture was the central focus of many of his
pieces during the early 20th century. Mr. Escher has many famous pieces of art to
his name; I will name and describe a few. A woodcut I actually remember seeing
when I was younger was actually one of his creations. Created in 1938 Sky and
Water was an image where you saw birds in the sky and fish in the water. The
interesting part of this image was that the gap between the fish was shaped like the
bird and the gap between the birds was shaped like the fish. All he did after that
was draw in detail to the ones that were supposed to be birds and the ones that were
supposed to be

C Average For Student Athletes
Primarily, a C average should not be required for student athletes to play sports on a
school team because it discourages many students. A student may be born to be an
athlete, but can be struggling to keep up academically in school. If a student is
rejected from playing the sport they love because of their other struggles, this will
discourage them. This can hurt a student. For example, a student may reject a
challenging, but interesting class in fear of getting a bad grade. **Opponents of this
argument may say that forcing students to have a C average will encourage them to
do well in school.** In reality, a student will be dejected enough to drop out of
school. In other words, some students may give up completely, rather than trying

Apollo 13 Essay example
Apollo 13
Apollo 13 launched on April 11, 1970 from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
The crewmembers aboard the ship were James A. Lovell Jr., John L. Swigert Jr.,
and Fred W. Haise, Jr. Before the launch, there had been a few problems. Thomas K.
Mattingly was supposed to fly on the Apollo 13 but he was exposed to the measles.
He didn t have the antibodies to fight the disease, causing him to not be able to go
into space. Swigert took his place. Right before the launch, one of the technicians saw
that the helium tank had a higher pressure than expected. Nothing was done to fix
this. During liftoff, the second stage engine shut down, causing the other engines to
run longer than planned. Apollo 13 was off to a rocky start.
During the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of the explosion, the parts weren t used as had been planned. The Service
Module (SM) was supposed to provide the crew with oxygen, water and power before
the mission. When the oxygen exploded, it led to the loss of some of those
necessities and the Service Module was nonfunctional. The Command Module
(CM) also provided the crew with power and oxygen. It was also prepared with
couches and served as a control center. When the explosion took place, they had to
shut off the Command Module to allow enough power for reentry. The Lunar
Module (LM) was supposed to provide the crew with living quarters when landed on
the moon. However, on
this mission, the crew could not land on the moon. The Lunar Module then acted as a
lifeboat. It allowed the astronauts to preserve the Command Module supplies needed
for reentry.
The ground controllers had some major problems to solve. They had to write and
test new procedures to send up to the crew for a safe arrival home. A new
navigation problem had to be solved to provide the crew with a speedy return. Water
was also a main concern. The crew was estimated to run out of water in about five
hours. But tests on previous Apollo missions found that the ship could run without
water for about seven hours. The astronauts began to conserve water by cutting the
amount they drank to six ounces each day. The crew began to get dehydrated and they

Hester Prynne
D.H. Lawrence, an English novelist and literary critic, pens his essay On the Scarlet
Letter critiquing the novel The Scarlet Letter and its portrayal of American society.
Lawrence argues that Hester Prynne, the novel s protagonist, is not a victim, but
rather, the product of evil and sin in American society. D.H. Lawrence is effective in
portraying his harsh perception on Hester Prynneby the use of clever diction,
thoughtful allusions, and choppy syntax. The clever diction utilized by Lawrence in
his essay aid in achieving his purpose as a writer. D.H. Lawrence begins his critique
by introducing his cynical perspective that the greatest triumph a woman can have,
especially an American woman is seducing a man, especially if he is pure
(Lawrence). This hyperbole helps to better communicate Lawrence s view of Prynne
throughout his analysis of her character. By making such a controversial and... Show
Lawrence s selection of choppy syntax communicates his stance on Hester Prynne.
Through concise alliteration, such as Adulteress! The great Alpha. Alpha!
Adulteress! The new Adam and Adama! American! , Lawrence demonstrate that
Hester is not a worthy woman, but rather a poison to the society she surrounds
herself with (Lawrence). The repetition of referencing Hester as an adulteress
emphasizes the consequences of her sinful actions, which Lawrence wants to
highlight for the reader. Additionally, describing Prynne as the alpha , and Adama
connects her back to Eve in the Garden of Eden, who was the first human being to
sin. In short, Lawrence wants to expand on the presence of Hester s sin and its grip
on her life. D.H. Lawrence continues this broken syntax as he writes, Flop. Flop goes
spiritual love (Lawrence). This onomatopoeia is a distinct contrast with the previous
passage that Lawrence writes which is lengthy and substantive. Prynne s choppy,
shortsighted, sinful path becomes the trajectory for which Lawrence parallels in his
writing

Red Meat Persuasive Speech
Jesus Betancourt
Ms.Kehrmeyer
English period 2
25,April 2016
RED MEAT IS A PROBLEM SPEECH
I am brought to you here today to discuss and break down the problems that Red Meat
is giving us without us acknowledging it . Many of us love to eat , some healthy and
some un
healthy , that is not our faults many of the big fast food companies offer us food for a
cheap
price and plus its fast as hell , its not as time consuming as cooking a meal yourself ,
so that in
its self is very convenient . Companies like Mc Donalds , Burger King , Jack in the
Box etc.serve
Red Meats in there burgers and other Meat related foods on there menu s , the Red
Meat that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
, might you
ask , because the demand for there product is so high that they need to put out meat
very fast to
support there supply and demand ratio . How they do this is sad , they feed there
animals that
are soon to be served up in these local fast food places , nothing but grain based
meals so they
could get fat and produce more meat , if there animals are baby s or small they inject
it with lots
of horomones and steriods so it could grow like a adult un naturally . That is animal
cruelty and
Very un healthy for us to be consuming this basically fake meat so this needs to be

put to a stop .
Back in the Industrial Revolution Age we were faced with the same problem but
back then it
was even worse , due to all the diseases and the lack of knowledge and technology ,
this all
changed when the big meat companies got exposed for what they were doing wrong .
Author
and journalists Upton Sinclair was the clever man that exposed the meat companies ,
he wrote
a book called The Jungle , in that book he talked about the harsh , unsanitary
conditions our meat is going through , it got many people sick and some even died ,
the

Case Study Of Carijam Commercial Bank
Operational Risk
As a financial intermediate we have every reason to have an expectation or
forecast of operational risk that will be soaring over the company, any loss cause
by inadequate internal process, people, and systems or by external events can be
classified under operational risk (Barakat, 2014). To mitigate and control the
possibility of loss exposures we have implemented measures that will aid in
controlling and avoidance of the said.
Base on the nature of CCB, we are a cash intensive company making us highly likely
to theft both by employees and customers as a result, strong internal controls are
necessary such as our AML/CFT policies. In our industry with our working capital
being cash and considering the logistics of these ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It could be argued that protecting a financial institution s reputation is the most
significant risk management challenge that boards of directors face today. We at
CariJam Commercial Bank regard Reputational risk as the greatest threat to our
company s market value, according to a study by PricewaterhouseCoopers and the
Economist Intelligence Unit. Reputational risk also overtook credit risk in most recent
years as the most pressing issue facing bank audit

The History and Future of Zoos Essay
Zoos present a certain blend of nature and culture. They have always provided a way
to bring natural wildlife and urban Americans together as a means of entertainment.
Yet, throughout the years the role of zoos have changed. Though once used for
amusement, zoos are now being used for education on preservation and the welfare of
endangered species. One may wonder where and how the idea of zoos started and just
how they, and the environment around them, have changed throughout history.
The concepts of zoos have been around for centuries throughout the world. The
earliest known zoo of the pre modern past was that of Queen Hatshepsut of the
Eighteenth dynasty in Egypt in 1400 BC (Graetz). According to the Encyclopedia of
world zoos, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But these realizations were a great efforts beginning to wildlife management in
America. People began to realize that the amount of wildlife that had been present
to the early colonies were not inexhaustible (Deal 2). Those early settlers had no
idea how abundant wild fauna in the new land or how to utilize it. It took nearly two
hundred years for agriculture to get used to American soil and its wildlife.
Author Vernon Kisling, of Zoo and aquarium history: ancient animal collections to
zoological gardens makes a great statement: Cultural institutions, such as zoos,
change like the cultures that foster them (Kisling 163). For modern zoos, they were
said to have begun in London in the 1820s with London s Regent Park Zoo (Graetz).
These modern zoos, as well as those in Germany, began to take the place of royal
menageries and set examples for the American culture. The first zoo to be built in
America was established in Philadelphia in 1874 (Philadelphia zoo). During the time
that America was transitioning from an agricultural nation to an industrial one.
Before the grand opening of America s first zoo, people would gather and pay
shillings to see animals such as lions and elephants displayed at places like general
stores and museums. Though the zoo was prepared to open in 1859 was set back
fifteen years due to the Civil War. Finally, In the mid 1850 s, a well known
Philadelphia physician, Dr. William Camac the zoo s founding father became
involved and led

Second Language Reflection
I never teach my pupils, I only attempt to provide the conditions under which they can
learn , a quote from Albert Einstein that resonates profoundly with my teaching
philosophy. In optimizing the learning conditions, and thereby facilitating learners
ongoing language attainment, whether teachers are aware of implementing timely,
effective, and systematic interventions, I argue, plays an integral role. Even the
seemingly inconspicuous marking codes may profoundly affect learners uptake rate.
In brief, my research interest concerns the influence of corrective feedback on the
advancement of second languagelearners productive skills.
Inspired by Dr. Ronald H. Heck, I always attempt to embrace the mission of
conceptualizing and conducting meaningful studies that are functional and accessible
for frontline practitioners. I never struggle to quest for a research topic. Instead, I
reflect back on my pedagogical practices. In my prior TOEFL listening teaching
experience, as I perceived learners cognitive difficulties in recognizing phonological
changes among adjacent linguistic units, I speculated that connected speech may
partly affect their listening comprehension. Consequently, I developed my
inquisitiveness into my senior honors thesis entitled A Correlational Study on
Connected Speech Recognition and English Listening Comprehension. This first
venture not only affirmed my penchant for second language education, but equipped
me with the self assurance to question, reason,

Compare And Contrast The Wizard Of Oz
The Wizard of Oz
Movie vs Book
Andre Duvall
Dr. Friedman
October 10th 2014
US Hisotry
Block 7
The Wizard of Oz has been a popular and symbolic film throughout our previous
history. Both the book and movie have been recognised as classic literature for
children and adults alike. Although they share the same concept, there are a few
important differences between the novel and the film.
In the movie: It tells the story of a girl named Dorothy, who ends up in a tornado
and gets hurled away from her farm in Kansas to a land that is not like anything
she has experienced before. After Dorothy s house falls and kills the Wicked
Witch in the first scene, Dorothy is welcomed by the Munchkins. The kind witch,
Glinda, appears and explains to Dorothy that in order to find out about getting
back home, she needs to follow the yellow brick road. This road leads her to
Emerald city, where she must ask the grand Wizard to get her back to Kansas. Along
her way down the yellow brick road Dorothy encounters some characters who all
have something they want to ask the wizard. However, when they finally arrive at the
Emerald City, they discover the wizard is just a fraud and that everything they had
been searching for they can find deep within themselves (metaphorically rather than
physically).
What most individuals can t seem to decipher is that The Wizard of Oz referenced
several late 1800 s political issues and ideas. Whether these references are true or not
is difficult to say.

Cinchona Bark Controversy
You bring up some really good points that I had not considered. I must say that I
agree with you standpoint on synthesizing of the drug being an advancement and not
being an act of biopiracy. I think I was more look at it in its indirect nature how it
was affecting the South American countries that were robbed from the economic
benefits of the use of the natural bark for the production of quinine.
I think that in part we are guilty by association since we were part of group that
imposed the negative impact upon the indigenous rights of this plant s native host
country. I think that in too many instances people turn a blind eye to wrong doings
just because it is benefiting them. Instead of standing up for another s rights,
especially those ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its primary use was for its antimalarial benefits, which throughout the 1600s to 1800s
was the primary treatment for malaria. It is also used to kill parasites, reduce fever,
regulate the heartbeat, stimulate digestions, antibacterials, antifungals, reduce muscle
spasms, relieve pain, and calm nerves.
In 1820, the scientists Pelletier and Caventou were able to isolate the quinine
alkaloid from the bark of the tree to be sold as the antimalarial drug. Not until 1944,
during World War II, was the alkaloid synthesized by scientists for its medicinal
reproduction. This was due to the fact that at the time the top producer of quinine, the
dutch owned Indonesian island of Java, was occupied by the Japanese in 1942. This
cut off allied forces from the drug supply, forcing them to find alternatives to mass
produce the antimalarial drugs.
Quinine alkaloid was used briefly to treat heart problems and cardiac arrhythmia
and became a standard for cardiac therapy. This lead to the discovery of a second
alkaloid called quinidine that is found in the tree bark. This is primarily used in
prescriptions to treat arrhythmia. However, this alkaloid has not yet been able to be
synthesized by scientists, requiring the natural bark of the tree for its

Artemisinin Based Combination Therapies ( Acts )
Artemisinin based combination therapies (ACTs) are currently considered gold
standards in the management of uncomplicated malaria. For the liver stages,
primaquine is the only drug approved to eliminate hypnozoites. Resistance against
existing antimalarials is well documented, and troubling due to the emerging
resistance to artemisinins. Therefore, a rising incidence of drug resistance requires
the development new drugs, with novel disease targeting strategies. Moreover, the
challenge is to develop innovative drugs that demostrate (i) faster onset and longer
duration of drug action, (ii) safe for children and pregnant women, and (iii) ideally be
amenable to a single dose administration. Following are brief descriptions of such
innovative... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2.Ferroquine was found to be active against chloroquine resistant strains, and is
currently undergoing Phase II clinical trials. Ferroquine, unlike chloroquine,
accumulates in the digestive vacuole of the chloroquine resistant parasites, enabling
P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter, PfCRT inhibition.
3.Amodiaquine is also active against most chloroquine resistant strains, however, two
reactive metabolites are formed, namely imine and aldehyde, and are the likely cause
of the hepatotoxicity and agranulocytosis, respectively.
4.N tert Butyl isoquine (GSK369796) was designed to avoid the formation of
quinone imines, and entered Phase I studies. It is potent in vitro, including in the
chloroquine resistant strain K1 (EC50 = 13 nM) and is active in vivo with an ED50
= 3.8 mg/kg/day, thus being comparable to amodia quine. In spite of the excellent
exposures and near quantita tive oral bioavailabili ties in animal models, its
developmen t was discontinue d due to exposures insufficient to demonstrate drug
safety superior to chloroquine.
5.In an effort to select the next generation of quinoline methanol derivatives that
could serve as a replacement for mefloquine, the Walter Reed Army Institute of
Research screened for analogs with a lower brain penetration, and identified
WR621308, which has asubstantially lower permeability across MDCK cell
monolayers than mefloquine, suggesting lower brain

Haroun and the Sea of Stories Closed Reading
So Iff the Water Genie told Haroun about the Ocean of the Streams of Story, and
even though he was full of a sense of hopelessness and failure the magic of the
ocean began to have an effect on Haroun. He looked into the water and saw that it
was made up of a thousand thousand thousand and one currents, each one a different
colour, weaving in and out of one another like a liquid tapestry of breathtaking
complexity; and Iff explained that these were the Streams of Story, that each
coloured strand represented and contained a single tale. Different parts of the ocean
contained different sorts of stories, and all the stories that had ever been told and
many that were still in the process of being invented could be found here, the Ocean
of the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The passage personifies the ocean by talking of its playful nature of the currents
weaving in and out of one another and its ability to change, as it has a mind of its
own. The last sentence within the passage states it was not dead but alive the use of
short sentencing emphasised its point and indicates its importance. However this
short verse changes the mood of the passage, the reader is confronted by the abrupt
word dead this single word changes the tone of the sentence and explores that along
with the capability to be alive there also is the capability to be dead. This
foreshadows the next passage and the future of the ocean.
Within the passage the metaphor of the ocean being a library is emphasised, it
states that it is the biggest library in the universe this metaphor is used to try and
example the extent of the sea and how many stories it possesses, connecting it to a
familiar idea for the reader. However the metaphor is later contradicted renouncing
the oceans likeness to a library of books due to the fluid form of the stories and their
changing nature and ability to become new versions and to join up with other stories.
It presents the ocean to be much more. This is revisited throughout the novel,
exampling how the ocean is much more and how it is a health source to plentimaws
fish, directly impacting them as the ocean becomes more toxic, as well as a way of
life to all members of gup city.
In the passage

The Best Death Ever
The Best Death Ever Niall Griffiths
By Christian Steenfeldt, 3.U
Children cannot differentiate between what is fun and what is serious. In the short
story The Best Death Ever by Niall Griffiths four boys are playing a game where
they have to fake a death. The boy whoever fakes the best death wins the game. The
four boys do not understand what they are doing and see the game, The Best Death
Ever, as a fun game. Until one moment, when one of the boys misjudges the distance
to ground and almost hang himself meanwhile his friends where shooting at him with
their toy guns.
The story is narrated by a first person narrator who looks back at a specific incidence.
The narrator technique is very post modernistic. Niall Griffiths uses a lot of ... Show
The story is a flashback of roughly 45 60 minutes of his life. The narrator looks back
at that special episode of his life and he turns all nostalgic.
The boys are strongly inspired by war movies and war stories told by the elderlies.
The narrator has received a toy gun from his granddad. He knows a lot about it
because of his big interest in war. As almost every other boy, they playgames with
guns and death involved. The problem is not that the boys play war, but that they
cannot differentiate between where the fun stops. In this game Gavin almost killed
himself, but it was not on purpose. A problem is, when the mom notices Gavin, she
immediately saves him. Then she slaps the narrator. By slapping the narrator she
punishes him for something that he does not know is wrong. The narrator is angry,
because they have to award Gavin the price of the best death.
I would shock and shake them all with the violence of my going. But we never
played the game again.
Because his mother hit him and did not tell him what they did wrong, he does not
understand consequences. Therefore he still wants to win the game next time and he
wants to put even more violence in than Gavin did. Luckily they never played the
game again, because nobody knows what would have happened then.
This story is a perfect example to show that taking extra care of your children is
highly necessary. If you do not teach your kid what is dangerous and what is not, it
will have serious consequences. As in

Tv vs. Internet
Will TV Succumb to the Internet?
Case Study 1
John Doe
01/01/2010
Submitted in Partial Requirement for
CIS 511 110
Managing Information Systems
Important Case Facts
Widespread use and ease of access to high speed internet connections, powerful
computers, and portable software devices have changed the way people obtain
songs, videos, TV shows, and books. File sharing and DVR service have increased
the ease at which TV shows and music can be uploaded to the internet and shared
with other for free. Although these TV shows and music files are illegal to share it
the current laws against those who supply and download these digital files have
almost no effect on users because of the scarcity in frequency in ... Show more
Slowly change over to all TV shows accessible only though the internet.
The way the internet is progressing and technology eventually all TV shows,
movies, music will only be accessible thought he internet and cable will be a thing
if the past. TV s are already internet capable and it s just a matter of time before
everything is digital and there are now hardcopies of anything. It may take 20 years
for this to happen but it will and if companies don t wait to go out of business or
bankruptcy they will have no choice but to adapt.
Have more strict and comprehensive laws in place for copyrighted material violators.
Having the laws in place to where all countries collaborate toward one common
goal will be almost impossible because those last few nations that refuse to
cooperate with the other major nations because the servers that host the websites
that have the copyrighted material on them will bring too much revenue to the
country. The only way to make this work is to have teams of computer
programmers sponsored by corporations seeking to protect their copyrighted
material and be endorsed by all the entire major nations. These team will have to
patrol the internet and will write viruses that will prowl the internet looking for the
fingerprint of copyrighted material so the material can be erased and the servers
crippled by viruses so they are no longer useable.
Recommended Action
The recommended action for the

Tipping Point Research Paper
Many parts of our daily life revolve around social sciences and are caused by much
more research and in depth thought than we may originally realize. Innumerable
products, ideas, epidemics, and modern thought processes are the product of tipping
points. For any idea to gain enough ground to become popular to a large audience, it
has to have a very specific environment and the idea must be spread at very certain
times in history. There is a very precarious balance to making anything have the
ability to be prominent or sought after. Nature, political revolutions, and credibility
and popularity are all events and phenomena that have tipping points and relate to The
Tipping Pointby Malcolm Gladwell. Nature has many tipping points that... Show
The credibility of a person depends on many different elements. Credibility can
pertain to trustworthiness and expertise. Trustworthiness is affected by things like
reliability and characteristics of the person. Expertise is affected by credentials
and proven skill (Flanagin, Metzger, 4). The same person may be perceived as
credible at one point in time, but may lack credibility later in time. Credibility is
largely based on what we as a society are experiencing during that time period.
Small things may affect credibility that we would not originally think to include. If
a person were to see an ad every day about a certain lawyer, they might think of the
lawyer if it comes a time for them to need a lawyer. But if someone were to hear
about how wonderful a certain lawyer is from a friend or coworker, that person
would be more likely to use that lawyer if the need arose. It stands to reason that
people are more likely to trust people they know blindly when it comes to
credibility. Appearance is another aspect of credibility that would not always be
considered. Much of the time it is subconscious, but people are more likely to trust a
person or service if the staff or spokesperson is attractive physically

Essay On Wealth In America
According to an analysis of Federal Reserve data by the Economic Policy Institute,
the wealthiest 1 percent of Americans control 35.6 percent of the total wealth in
America. It goes on to state that the richest 10 percent of Americans control 75
percent of the wealth, leaving only 25 percent to the other 90 percent of Americans.
Also, the most authoritative source comparing wealthin various countries, Credit
Suisse Global Wealth Databook, says that in the U.S., 75.4% of all wealth is
owned by the richest 10% of the people. The top 10% of America have a buildup of
wealth from past generations. People like this, who have so much more money than
the average American, have so much more power, the power to campaign, to buy
stock, and to spend money to run ads. The top 10% have an unfair amount of power
in our government. The majority of them are the religious far right. The
conservatives. They often use their religious beliefs to back up their old school
values. Most of these... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Look at it this way, if we were to only teach Protestantism in school, Mormons
would get mad, along with Catholics. That s why we teach no religion in school, so
that no one religion is above the other. We have to be able to settle politics in this
similar way, to not make decisions unfairly based on religion. No religion should
be used in politics. We have to slowly, carefully wean ourselves off of it. And guess
what? It s already happening. Religious affiliation has dropped 15 percentage
points in the last 5 years among Americans 30 years or younger. What we truly need
is the separation of church and state, and it s happening in a way none of us
anticipated. One fifth of America already identifies as none on religious surveys.
Who needs separation of church and state if there is no church to

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