This document provides an overview of cells and cellular structures. It begins with an introduction to cells and explains that cells are the basic units of life. It then describes three types of microscopes used to view cells - light microscopes, transmission electron microscopes, and scanning electron microscopes - and notes one benefit of light microscopes. The document outlines the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and explains the importance of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells. It provides descriptions and functions of major cellular structures and organelles found in plant and animal cells.

1. Cells & Scopes, Baby! Ch 4
• You’re made of them so don’t you think
you need to know allllllll about them!
Learn it, or else I’ll
find you and then
I’ll…use your
imagination!
Wahahahaha! Check
out this video!
http://www.xtranormal.com/watch/7316011/

2. AP Bio Ch 4 A Tour of the Cell
Goals
• Describe the difference between the light microscope, transmission electron
microscope & scanning electron microscope.
• List one benefit of using the light microscope over either of the two electron
microscopes.
• State what part of a cell can be viewed by a TEM & SEM.
• Distinguish between prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells.
• Explain why cells can’t be too large or too small.
• Explain the importance of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells.
• Describe the structure & function of the following cellular parts:
• Cytoplasm (aka cytosol), cell membrane (aka plasma membrane), nucleus,
nucleolus, nuclear envelope, chromatin & chromosome, ribosome, endoplasmic
reticulum (smooth & rough), transport vesicles, Golgi bodies, vacuoles,
peroxisome, mitochondria, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centrioles, flagella & cilia,
cell wall, extracellular matrix, plasmodesmata, gap junctions, tight junctions.
• Describe & identify the parts of a mitochondria & chloroplast.
• Be able to label a plant & animal cell with the above parts.

5. Transmission electron
microscope

6. Scanning Electron Microscope

7. Caption: HIV infection. Budding release of HIV in human lymph tissue (RNA
virus, Retroviridae Family).
Magnification*: x27,630
Type: TEM

8. sem

9. (Danaus plexippus). Also
visible is the last tarsal
segment with thick
setae. Insect claws are
used to hold on to rough
surfaces such as leaves
and flowers.

11. http://www5.pbrc.hawaii.edu/microangela/morebugs.htm
Link to insect images taken w/ SEM

13. Onion Epidermis (clm)

14. Elodea under 40x, 100x, 400x (clm)

15. Human cheek cells 400x (clm)

16. Benefits of light scope over
electron… vice versa
• Light – living specimens, lower mag
• Electron – dead
specimens, artifacts, higher mag

17. Cells
• Basic unit of life
• Mostly water
• Made of large
molecules
(carbohydrates, protei
ns, fats, nucleic acids)
• Think of them as little
chemical factories
that work together to
keep us alive.
• http://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=BVvvx5HGpL
g

18. I love
cells!

19. Cell Fractionation

20. Cell Size
http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm

21. 2 Basic Cell Types
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

22. Prokaryotes
• No organelles (membrane bound compartments)
• All bacteria

23. Prokaryotes …
• Contain
the
following:
• Cell wall
• Cell
membrane
• DNA
• Ribosomes
• cytoplasm

24. • Contain organelles
Eukaryotes
(membrane bound
compartments)
• All cells that aren’t
bacteria
• More efficient than
prokaryotes since
compartmentalized.
• Much larger than
prokaryotes
•
• http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=Jn9oJt
XZYcU&feature=pyv
&ad=3444868461&k
w=cell&gclid=CNK7y
Y_Jyp0CFc5L5Qod
GWP4rg

25. Cell Part Functions
• Cell Membrane - forms
the outer boundary of the
cell and allows only
certain materials to move
into or out of the cell
• Cytoplasm - a gel-like
material inside the cell; it
contains water and
nutrients for the cell
• Nucleus - directs the
activity of a cell; it
contains chromosomes
with the DNA
• Nuclear Membrane -
separates the nucleus
from the cytoplasm

26. Cell Part Functions
• Endoplasmic
Reticulum - moves
materials around in
the cell
• Ribosomes - make
protein for the cell
• Golgi Bodies - are
used for packaging
and secreting of
chemicals
• Mitochondria - break
down food and
release energy to
the cell

27. Cell Part Functions
• Lysosomes - are
chemicals used to
digest waste
• Vacuoles - are storage
areas for the cell
• Some organelles are
found only in Plant
cells. These organelles
are:
• Cell Wall - provides
structure to the plant
cell
• Chloroplasts –site of
photosynthesis (making
sugar from sun’s
energy)

28. Cell Part Functions
• Peroxisomes – mem
bound sacs.
Contain peroxidase
• Centrioles – function
in cell division

29. Eukaryotes …