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1
2
 A general term for several disorders
that cause nervousness, fear,
apprehension, and worrying
 These disorders affect how we feel and
behave
 Mild anxiety is vague and unsettling
 Severe anxiety can be extremely
debilitating, having a serious impact on
daily life
3
 People often experience a general
state of worry or fear before
confronting something challenging
such as examination or interview.
These feelings are considered
normal. Anxiety is considered a
problem when symptoms interfere
with a person's ability to sleep or
otherwise function.
Generally, anxiety occurs when a reaction is out of
proportion with what might be normally expected in a
situation
4
5
 The exact cause of anxiety disorders is unknown
 As scientists continue their research on mental illness, it
is becoming clear that many of these disorders are caused
by a combination of factors, including changes in the
brain and environmental stress
 Anxiety disorders may be caused by problems in the
functioning of brain circuits that regulate fear and other
emotions
 Anxiety disorders may be caused by environmental
factors, medical factors, genetics, brain chemistry,
substance abuse, or a combination of these
6
Environmental and External Factors
 Trauma from events such as abuse,
victimization, or the death of a
loved one
 Stress in a personal relationship,
marriage, friendship, and divorce
 Stress at work
 Stress from school
 Stress about finances and money
 Stress from a natural disaster
 Lack of oxygen in high altitude areas
7
Medical Factors
 Stress from a serious medical
illness
 Side effects of medication
 Symptoms of a medical illness
 Lack of oxygen from emphysema,
or pulmonary embolism
(a blood clot in the lung)
8
Substance Use and Abuse
 Intoxication from an illicit drug,
such as cocaine or amphetamines
 Withdrawal from an illicit drug,
such as heroin, or from
prescription drugs like Vicodin,
benzodiazepines, or barbiturates
9
Genetics
 It has been suggested by some researchers that a
family history of anxiety increases the likelihood
that a person will develop it
That is, some people may have a genetic
predisposition that gives them a greater chance
of suffering from anxiety disorders
10
Brain chemistry
 Research has shown that
people with abnormal levels of
certain neurotransmitters in
brain are more likely to suffer
from GAD
When neurotransmitters are
not working properly, the
brain's internal communication
network breaks down, and the
brain may react in an
inappropriate way in some
situations. This can lead to
anxiety
11
Medical Factors
 Medication
 Psychotherapy (a type of
counseling)
 Cognitive-behavioral therapy: This is
a particular type of psychotherapy
in which the person learns to
recognize and change thought
patterns and behaviors that lead to
troublesome feelings.
 Dietary and lifestyle changes
 Relaxation therapy
12
 Ask your doctor before taking any
medicine. Many contain chemicals
that can increase anxiety
symptoms
 Reducing caffeine, tea, cola, and
chocolate consumption
 Exercising regularly
 Eating healthy foods
 Keeping a regular sleep pattern
13
• Seeking counseling and support after a traumatic or
disturbing experience
•Avoiding alcohol, cannabis
14
 A chronic disorder characterized by excessive, long-
lasting anxiety and worry about nonspecific life
events, objects, and situations. GAD sufferers often
feel afraid and worry about health, money, family,
work, or school, Their fear is usually unrealistic or out
of proportion with what may be expected in their
situation
 This disorder involves excessive, unrealistic worry and
tension, even if there is little or nothing to provoke
the anxiety.
15
SYMPTOMS
 Trembling
 Diarrhea
 Headache
 Backache
 Heart palpitations
 Numbness or "pins and needles" in arms, hands or legs
 Sweating/flushing
 Restlessness
 Easily tired
 Irritability
 Muscle tension
 Frequent urination
16
CAUSES
 Inherited anxiety
 Childhood traumas such as abuse or death of a
parent, may make you more prone to anxiety when
you become older
 Any major stress in life may trigger the condition.
For example, a family crisis
17
PROGNOSIS
 Although GAD gets better in some people, in others
it tends to come and go
 People with GAD are more likely to smoke heavily,
drink too much alcohol, and take street drugs. Each
of these things may ease anxiety symptoms in the
short term
 Symptoms may flare up and become worse for a
while during periods of major life stresses. For
example, if you lose your job or split up with your
partner
18
TREATMENT
 Cognitive behavioural therapy
 Counselling
 Anxiety management courses
 Self-help
19

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Anxiety disorders

  • 1. 1
  • 2. 2
  • 3.  A general term for several disorders that cause nervousness, fear, apprehension, and worrying  These disorders affect how we feel and behave  Mild anxiety is vague and unsettling  Severe anxiety can be extremely debilitating, having a serious impact on daily life 3
  • 4.  People often experience a general state of worry or fear before confronting something challenging such as examination or interview. These feelings are considered normal. Anxiety is considered a problem when symptoms interfere with a person's ability to sleep or otherwise function. Generally, anxiety occurs when a reaction is out of proportion with what might be normally expected in a situation 4
  • 5. 5
  • 6.  The exact cause of anxiety disorders is unknown  As scientists continue their research on mental illness, it is becoming clear that many of these disorders are caused by a combination of factors, including changes in the brain and environmental stress  Anxiety disorders may be caused by problems in the functioning of brain circuits that regulate fear and other emotions  Anxiety disorders may be caused by environmental factors, medical factors, genetics, brain chemistry, substance abuse, or a combination of these 6
  • 7. Environmental and External Factors  Trauma from events such as abuse, victimization, or the death of a loved one  Stress in a personal relationship, marriage, friendship, and divorce  Stress at work  Stress from school  Stress about finances and money  Stress from a natural disaster  Lack of oxygen in high altitude areas 7
  • 8. Medical Factors  Stress from a serious medical illness  Side effects of medication  Symptoms of a medical illness  Lack of oxygen from emphysema, or pulmonary embolism (a blood clot in the lung) 8
  • 9. Substance Use and Abuse  Intoxication from an illicit drug, such as cocaine or amphetamines  Withdrawal from an illicit drug, such as heroin, or from prescription drugs like Vicodin, benzodiazepines, or barbiturates 9
  • 10. Genetics  It has been suggested by some researchers that a family history of anxiety increases the likelihood that a person will develop it That is, some people may have a genetic predisposition that gives them a greater chance of suffering from anxiety disorders 10
  • 11. Brain chemistry  Research has shown that people with abnormal levels of certain neurotransmitters in brain are more likely to suffer from GAD When neurotransmitters are not working properly, the brain's internal communication network breaks down, and the brain may react in an inappropriate way in some situations. This can lead to anxiety 11
  • 12. Medical Factors  Medication  Psychotherapy (a type of counseling)  Cognitive-behavioral therapy: This is a particular type of psychotherapy in which the person learns to recognize and change thought patterns and behaviors that lead to troublesome feelings.  Dietary and lifestyle changes  Relaxation therapy 12
  • 13.  Ask your doctor before taking any medicine. Many contain chemicals that can increase anxiety symptoms  Reducing caffeine, tea, cola, and chocolate consumption  Exercising regularly  Eating healthy foods  Keeping a regular sleep pattern 13 • Seeking counseling and support after a traumatic or disturbing experience •Avoiding alcohol, cannabis
  • 14. 14
  • 15.  A chronic disorder characterized by excessive, long- lasting anxiety and worry about nonspecific life events, objects, and situations. GAD sufferers often feel afraid and worry about health, money, family, work, or school, Their fear is usually unrealistic or out of proportion with what may be expected in their situation  This disorder involves excessive, unrealistic worry and tension, even if there is little or nothing to provoke the anxiety. 15
  • 16. SYMPTOMS  Trembling  Diarrhea  Headache  Backache  Heart palpitations  Numbness or "pins and needles" in arms, hands or legs  Sweating/flushing  Restlessness  Easily tired  Irritability  Muscle tension  Frequent urination 16
  • 17. CAUSES  Inherited anxiety  Childhood traumas such as abuse or death of a parent, may make you more prone to anxiety when you become older  Any major stress in life may trigger the condition. For example, a family crisis 17
  • 18. PROGNOSIS  Although GAD gets better in some people, in others it tends to come and go  People with GAD are more likely to smoke heavily, drink too much alcohol, and take street drugs. Each of these things may ease anxiety symptoms in the short term  Symptoms may flare up and become worse for a while during periods of major life stresses. For example, if you lose your job or split up with your partner 18
  • 19. TREATMENT  Cognitive behavioural therapy  Counselling  Anxiety management courses  Self-help 19