This document discusses anxiety, including what it is, types of anxiety, risk factors, symptoms, and treatments. Anxiety is a response to stress and feeling of fear or apprehension. It is the most common mental disorder among students. There are physiological and pathological types of anxiety that differ in duration, intensity, and impact on functioning. Risk factors include exposure to stress, lack of social interaction, family history, and trauma. Treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy, exercise, meditation, pharmacological options like benzodiazepines and SSRIs, and lifestyle changes.

1. Anxiety
For the one and only :Rebioneers.
Patient Oriented Workshop '21

2. What is Anxiety?
Response to stress. It's a feeling of fear or apprehension about what's
to come.
Most common mental disorder amoung students.
Physiological anxiety:
Pathological anxiety:
- long duration could reach to 6 months in GAD.
- Severe intensity reaches to peak in panic disorder
- more frequent.
- Interferes with a person's functioning.
- Short duration. - Mild intensity.
- less frequent.
- Usually beneficial, Improve functions of
human body.

3. MYTHS
Sometimes Anxiety patients believe that being
anxious proves they are hardworking and there is no
other way to achieve anything or live without
stressing out about it.
ex: anxious students, anxious mothers,etc.

4. Risk Factors:
Exposure to stressful and negative life.
Lack of social interaction.
A history of anxiety in biological relatives.
Severe trauma, such as child abuse or
military combat, increases the risk of
developing anxiety.
Women are twice as likely as men.
Environmental factors
Genetic factors
Trauma
Gender
06

5. Serotonin.
Dopamine.
Norepinephrine.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Corticosteroids
Brain chemistry:
Chemical imbalance in several neurotransmitters:

6. Excessive unreasonable fear.
Panic, fear, and uneasiness
Sleep problems
Inability to stay calm
Cold, sweaty, numb or tingling hands or feet
Shortness of breath
Heart palpitations
Dry mouth
Nausea
Tense muscles
white skin
Symptoms

7. Types of Anxiety
Generalized
Anxiety Disorder
GAD
Panic Attack
Disorder
Obssessive
Compulsive
Disorder
OCD
Phobia
specific phobia(social
phobia)
social phobia (social
anxiety)
Ex:
=/ (introvertness)
Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder
PTSD:
Obsession: thoughts
Compulsion: behavior
It’s excessive, frequent,
irrational time consuming
fear.
Due to war, accident or sexual abuse

8. video : OCD

9. Physiology of stress:
HPA AXIS
(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis)
Interaction between the hypothalamus,
pituitary gland, and adrenal glands plays
an important role in the stress response.
In Childhood
Infants don't know how to express
fear,their bodies release cortisol,
so they depend on their parents to learn
how to deal with mild stressors such as
Dr's visit.
after the situation ends safely, negative
feedback for cortisol start and the
memory no longer activates cortisol.
That doesn't happend
to neglected children

10. Video about how anxiety works

11. BENZODIAZEPINE
SHORT-TERM USE
MOA:
Binding to allosteric site on GABA receptor
resulting in more affinity for GABA.
Uses:
anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic.
Examples:
Alprazolam (Xanax ) Clorazepam (Klonopin)
Lorazepam (Ativan) diazepam(Valium)
Stoping medication suddenly may lead to severe
withdrawal symptoms such as:
Increased anxiety, irritability, shaking
Insomnia, confusion, stomach pain
Depression, confusion, panic attacks
Palpitation, sweating, and in severe cases, seizure.
withdrawal symptoms such as:
Extreme depression
Fatigue
irritability
Pharmacological treatment
LONG-TERM USE
SSRI antidepressants
S.E :Tolerance, Dependence
Anti-psychotics B-blocker
Ex: Atenolol,
Propanolol
Anxiety
insomnia.
nightmares
Ex:resperidone

12. Exercise
Worry busting strategies.
Yoga.
Meditation.
Prayers
Cognitive therapy
Examines how negative thoughts, or cognitions, contribute to anxiety.
Behavior therapy
Examines how you behave and react in situations that trigger anxiety.
When you get caught in your
thoughts, change the stimuli.
Play happy motivational music.
Think about something you will do
After what you are worrying about
Non-Pharmacological Treatment
Change your life style
1- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
Worry busting strategies: