Antiplatelet agent.pptx
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Antipletelet drugs interfere with platelet function and are used to prevent thromboembolic disorders. They are classified based on their mechanism of action and targets in the platelet activation pathway. The main antipletelet drugs are aspirin, dipyridamole, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, and GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors like abciximab. These drugs have different mechanisms such as inhibiting thromboxane synthesis, increasing cAMP levels, or blocking ADP or fibrinogen receptors. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues like stomach upset, heartburn, and bleeding.
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Calcitonin is a hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood. A group of four students from Apollo College of Pharmacy in Anjora, Durg presented on the topic of calcitonin under the guidance of their professor, Mr. Hari Prasad Sonwani. The presentation was given by Emlesh Kumar, Nagendra Mukesh Soni, and Durgesh kumar.
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This document summarizes estrogen hormones, including their discovery, classification, functions, therapeutic uses, and side effects. It discusses the three major endogenous estrogens - estrone, estradiol, and estriol. Estrogen enables the functioning of ovaries, vagina, uterus, and breasts. Therapeutic uses include treatment of menopausal symptoms, ovarian dysgenesis, amenorrhea, and breast/endometrial cancer. Side effects include nausea, breast tenderness, and weight gain. Estrogen levels vary between individuals and fluctuate over a woman's lifetime due to factors like pregnancy, menopause, age, diet, and exercise.
HAEMATINIC AGENT-1.pptx
This document provides information about haematinic agents, which are compounds required for blood formation and are used to treat anaemias. It discusses the main haematinic agents - iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid. For each agent, it outlines their daily requirements, dietary sources, functions, deficiency states, example drug names, and uses in treatment. The document is presented by several students and guided by their instructor, Mr. Hari Prasad Sonwani. It provides references at the end.
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The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
Treat the symptoms of indigestion, heartburn and stomach reflux with the 10 Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India.
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Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdf
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY SYSTEM.pptx
Valuable Content of Human Anatomy and Physiology of Urinary system as per PCI Syllabus for Pharmacy and PharmD Students.
Non-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidadeProf. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
STIs may cause PID. For the both disease, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
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Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
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Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
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Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
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Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
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Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Antiplatelet agent.pptx
- 1. APOLLO COLLEGE OF PHARMCY Anjora,Durg GUIDED BY :- PRESENTED BY: MR. HARI PRASAD SONWANI JUNAID FALESHWARI GEETANJALI BHUPESH
- 2. Content Introduction Role Classification Mechanism of action Uses Adverse effect
- 4. ANTIPLATELET DRUGS These are drugs which interfere with platelet function and are useful in the prophylaxis of thromboembolic disorders. In the above scheme, various drugs act on different targets to interfere with platelet function. Therefore, given together, their actions are synergistic. The clinically important antiplatelet drugs are classified in the chart:
- 10. Aspirin Aspirin is the most widely studied antiplatelet drug. On the basis of > 100 randomized trials in high-risk patients aspirin reduces vascular death by ∼15% and nonfatal vascular events by ∼30%. Thromboxane synthesis inhibitor
- 11. Platelet cAMP enhancer Dipyridamole It is a vasodilator. It inhibits phosphodiesterase and increases the concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) levels which inhibits platelet aggre gation. It is occasionally used in combination with warfarin during postoperative period in patients with prosthetic heart valves.
- 12. P2Y12 Receptor Blocker Clopidogrel and Ticlopidine These drugs inhibit the ADP pathway of thrombocytes , and thus reduse platelet aggregation. The binding of ADP to its receptors in inhibited irreversibly by these durgs . Clinically they are used for treating unstable angina pectoris , acute coronary syndrome , acute neurovascular disease , peripheral vascular disease , for preventing thrombosis coronary surgery.
- 14. Dose The dose of ticlopidine is 250 mg twice daily via oral route . The dose of clopidogrel is 75 mg/day Nearly 80 % platelet activity is inhibited by these doses.
- 15. Glycopritein llb / llla Receptor inhibitor GP Ilb/IIIa receptor inhibitors are integrin or platelet surface adhesive receptors. The receptors complex binds fibronectin and Von Willebrand factor and also functions as a receptor for fibrinogen and vitronectin The effect of other platelet agonists (e.g., collagen , thrombin , TXA2 , ADP, etc.) is inhibited by Gp llb/llla receptor inhibitors
- 16. Gp llb/llla receptors including vitronectin receptor are blocked by abciximab ( a humanise monoclona antibody ). Eptifibatide and Tirofiban ( chemical analogues of fibrinogen ) block fibrinogen binding . These drugs are parenterally administered .
- 20. Adverse Effects he adverse effects of antiplatelet drugs include . Stomach upset Heartburn Nausea Constipation Flushing Dizziness Weakness Headache Bloody stools GI bleeding Rashes Liver impairment