Human trafficking involves tricking or forcing people to work against their will or pay off debts through threats. It is the fastest growing criminal industry, with an estimated 600,000 to 820,000 victims trafficked across borders each year. Common causes include lack of employment, corruption, economic disparities, and social discrimination. Popular destinations include Thailand, Japan, Israel, Belgium, Canada, parts of Asia, Africa, Germany, Italy, Turkey, and the United States. Effects can be removing equality, domestic violence, disease, and increased illiteracy. Efforts to reduce trafficking include international organizations, government actions, laws, and increased cooperation.
There was a Voter Empowerment Panel during the League's Fall Forum, "Reclaiming Democracy" - panelists were Wendy Martinez, S. Nadia Hussain, Benjamin Brickner, and Flavio Komuves. The panelists put together this presentation.
The document discusses corruption in Nigeria and proposes solutions. It defines corruption comprehensively and outlines its impacts. Corruption exists at the individual, institutional, and structural levels. Proposed solutions include implementing a comprehensive anti-corruption strategy that addresses all levels vigorously, constitutional and legal reforms, transparency in government, and encouraging citizens to protest corruption like in South Korea. Leadership is needed from all sectors to promote integrity and demand accountability.
Corruption and inequality and impact on growth ndc final 05 june 2018DrShamsulArefin
This document discusses the relationship between corruption and economic growth and development. It defines corruption and provides examples of corrupt practices. It then examines how corruption hampers economic growth by discouraging investment, distorting policies, and reducing productivity. Corruption increases inequality, undermines governance and human rights, and hurts the environment. It can also fuel conflict by favouring certain social groups. However, reducing corruption through strengthened accountability can promote development. In the end, corruption severely undermines efforts to achieve the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.
Human trafficking is defined as exploiting people through coercion or deception for forced labor or sexual exploitation. Hundreds of thousands of people, mostly women and children, are trafficked worldwide and in the U.S. each year. While many countries and organizations have made efforts to combat trafficking through laws and services for victims, trafficking remains one of the largest criminal industries and more coordination of advocacy and services is still needed.
The document summarizes recent worrying events in Bangladesh, including a rise in killings, disappearances, injuries, and cases of repression according to statistics. It describes attempts at peaceful protest being met with police brutality, censorship, and unfair trials at the International Crimes Tribunal. With ongoing merciless brutality and no options left for protestors, many speculate Bangladesh is heading towards possible civil war, which could negatively impact the economy and further intensify dislike between opposing sides. The document calls for seeking peace, reconciliation, and a fair trial with independent judges and foreign observers to move away from revenge politics and the lynch mob mentality.
This document discusses decentralization reform in Ukraine and provides commentary from academics. It notes that decentralization could help address flaws in Ukraine's constitution by allowing for better local economic decisions and selection of national politicians. However, it also warns of risks like recentralization, regional capture, and increased corruption or secessionist tensions. The document advocates for safeguards in the reform like federalization, strong national parties, and ensuring the legitimacy of the process through public endorsement.
Human trafficking involves tricking or forcing people to work against their will or pay off debts through threats. It is the fastest growing criminal industry, with an estimated 600,000 to 820,000 victims trafficked across borders each year. Common causes include lack of employment, corruption, economic disparities, and social discrimination. Popular destinations include Thailand, Japan, Israel, Belgium, Canada, parts of Asia, Africa, Germany, Italy, Turkey, and the United States. Effects can be removing equality, domestic violence, disease, and increased illiteracy. Efforts to reduce trafficking include international organizations, government actions, laws, and increased cooperation.
There was a Voter Empowerment Panel during the League's Fall Forum, "Reclaiming Democracy" - panelists were Wendy Martinez, S. Nadia Hussain, Benjamin Brickner, and Flavio Komuves. The panelists put together this presentation.
The document discusses corruption in Nigeria and proposes solutions. It defines corruption comprehensively and outlines its impacts. Corruption exists at the individual, institutional, and structural levels. Proposed solutions include implementing a comprehensive anti-corruption strategy that addresses all levels vigorously, constitutional and legal reforms, transparency in government, and encouraging citizens to protest corruption like in South Korea. Leadership is needed from all sectors to promote integrity and demand accountability.
Corruption and inequality and impact on growth ndc final 05 june 2018DrShamsulArefin
This document discusses the relationship between corruption and economic growth and development. It defines corruption and provides examples of corrupt practices. It then examines how corruption hampers economic growth by discouraging investment, distorting policies, and reducing productivity. Corruption increases inequality, undermines governance and human rights, and hurts the environment. It can also fuel conflict by favouring certain social groups. However, reducing corruption through strengthened accountability can promote development. In the end, corruption severely undermines efforts to achieve the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.
Human trafficking is defined as exploiting people through coercion or deception for forced labor or sexual exploitation. Hundreds of thousands of people, mostly women and children, are trafficked worldwide and in the U.S. each year. While many countries and organizations have made efforts to combat trafficking through laws and services for victims, trafficking remains one of the largest criminal industries and more coordination of advocacy and services is still needed.
The document summarizes recent worrying events in Bangladesh, including a rise in killings, disappearances, injuries, and cases of repression according to statistics. It describes attempts at peaceful protest being met with police brutality, censorship, and unfair trials at the International Crimes Tribunal. With ongoing merciless brutality and no options left for protestors, many speculate Bangladesh is heading towards possible civil war, which could negatively impact the economy and further intensify dislike between opposing sides. The document calls for seeking peace, reconciliation, and a fair trial with independent judges and foreign observers to move away from revenge politics and the lynch mob mentality.
This document discusses decentralization reform in Ukraine and provides commentary from academics. It notes that decentralization could help address flaws in Ukraine's constitution by allowing for better local economic decisions and selection of national politicians. However, it also warns of risks like recentralization, regional capture, and increased corruption or secessionist tensions. The document advocates for safeguards in the reform like federalization, strong national parties, and ensuring the legitimacy of the process through public endorsement.
This chapter discusses how a nation's political, economic, and legal systems interact and influence each other. It addresses different types of political systems based on their emphasis on collectivism vs individualism and democracy vs totalitarianism. Economic systems like market, command, and mixed economies are also examined. The chapter then explores legal systems including common law, civil law, and theocratic law. Key determinants of a country's economic development are identified as political and economic systems, geography, education, and how nations are in transition both politically and economically.
The document discusses various types of corruption including administrative, political, petty, grand, and public corruption. It provides examples of administrative corruption and grand corruption. It also discusses corruption globally, noting that over $1 trillion is paid in bribes annually according to World Bank estimates. The top 10 least corrupt countries are listed as well as the top 10 most corrupt countries. Corruption in Pakistan is also examined, where it is estimated that 40% of Pakistanis pay bribes, especially those in poorer economic segments. Causes of corruption in Pakistan include a lack of accountability, political interference, and empowerment of citizens. Potential ways to overcome corruption discussed include ending impunity, reforms to public administration and finance, promoting transparency, empowering citizens
The document discusses corruption, defining it as "the abuse of entrusted power for private gain" which can occur in both the public and private sectors. It notes corruption takes many forms including bribery, cronyism, conflicts of interest, and political influence. Corruption has significant negative impacts as it hinders development, robs countries of resources, and puts public services out of reach. To combat corruption, there are numerous global and national frameworks such as the UN Convention Against Corruption and the UK Bribery Act. Transparency International works to address corruption through initiatives like the Corruption Perceptions Index and advocacy programs in both the public and private sectors.
This document discusses corruption in Trinidad and Tobago and why it seems to be increasing despite codes of ethics. It notes that corruption undermines development in developing countries by creating an uneven distribution of wealth. While Trinidad and Tobago has many codes of ethics for professionals and public officials, corruption has still increased over the past 14 years as measured by Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index. The document analyzes factors contributing to endemic corruption in Trinidad and Tobago such as weaknesses in political systems, lack of accountability, influence of the drug trade, and failure to properly educate citizens on ethics. It concludes that strengthening institutions to prevent corruption and empowering citizens is needed to curb corruption in the long run.
This document discusses the problems with cronyism and corruption in Greece's economy. It notes that Greece has very low scores on various indices measuring economic freedom and competitiveness, ranking last in the EU. It attributes this to Greece having "extractive institutions" designed by political elites to benefit themselves rather than inclusive institutions that secure property rights and create opportunities for all citizens. Charts show that countries with higher economic freedom tend to have lower corruption, stronger political and civil rights, and higher incomes for the poorest 10% of the population. The document argues for reforming Greece's institutions and policies to be more open and competitive in order to reduce corruption and cronyism and benefit citizens.
This document discusses strategies for sustaining civic engagement. It identifies barriers to participation such as lack of civics education and voter suppression. It describes a spectrum of civic actions from lightweight to heavyweight. Tactical actions are reactive while strategic actions work to implement long-term policy goals. Sustaining engagement requires countering fatigue, recognition for contributions, gamification, civic education, connecting actions to daily life, building community, and empowerment.
Role Of Women In Pakistan local Self GovernmentAfshanMukhtiar
The document summarizes women's representation and participation in local self-government in Pakistan over time. Some key points:
- Devolution of Power Plan 2000 introduced by General Musharraf provided 33% quota for women in local councils through direct and indirect elections, greatly increasing women's representation with over 36,000 being elected.
- However, women councilors still faced constraints influencing policies and faced gaps in rights/responsibilities outlined in law. Implementation also had issues like marginalizing women.
- Women's organizations played an important role in advocating for greater women's political participation and building capacity of women leaders at the local level.
- While quotas increased numbers, true impact requires women being able to influence
Accountability & transparency 26 05-2014Shamsul Arefin
The document discusses accountability, transparency, and anti-corruption measures in public administration. It provides background on why transparency and accountability are essential in government. It outlines some major initiatives to enhance transparency, such as right to information acts, citizens' charters, and e-government programs. The document also discusses accountability, including identifying responsible authorities, penalizing non-performance, and grievance redress mechanisms. It examines implementation processes for accountability.
Trafficking in Persons Trends and Patterns by Kristiina Kangaspunta, UNODC - ...OECD Governance
Presentation made by Kristiina Kangaspunta, UNODC at the 3rd meeting of the OECD Task Force on Charting Illicit Trade - OECD, Paris, 30-31 March 2015
For more information see http://www.oecd.org/gov/risk/charting-illicit-trade-third-task-force-meeting.htm
This document discusses the emergence of a new form of human trafficking for ransom facilitated by information and communication technologies (ICT). It began in 2009 in the Sinai region, where traffickers used torture and the threat of organ harvesting to extort ransoms from victims' families contacted by mobile phone. Between 25,000-30,000 people were victims in 2009-2013, with 20-33% dying due to the trafficking. ICT enabled intelligence gathering, ransom demands and collections, facilitating the transnational criminal network. The challenges include vulnerable people outside their communities and ineffective governance across borders.
Paper submitted in the National conference on Prevention of Corruption in India : Challenges Ahead held by HNB GARHWAL UNIVERSITY. TIHRI. and was appreciated in the conference.
This document discusses governance issues in Nepal based on a presentation by Dr. M Rijal. It provides common definitions of governance from various organizations and outlines World Bank indicators used to measure governance. While Nepal saw some improvements from 1990-2000, its World Bank governance scores declined from 1996-2002. The document also discusses positives and negatives of global governance trends and outlines both improvements and issues in Nepal's governance, including political instability, corruption, and failure to benefit all regions and populations equally.
Every day, all over the world, ordinary people bear the cost of corruption. In many countries, corruption affects people from birth until death. In Zimbabwe, women giving birth in a local hospital have been charged US$5 every time they scream as a penalty for raising false alarm.
1 In Bangladesh, the recent collapse of a multi-story factory, which killed more than 1,100 people due to a breach of basic safety standards, has been linked to allegations of corruption.
2 This report examines how corruption features in people’s lives around the world. Drawing on the results of a Transparency International survey of more than 114,000 respondents in 107 countries, it addresses people’s direct experiences with bribery and details their views on corruption in the main institutions in their countries. Significantly, Transparency International’s Global Corruption Barometer also provides insights into how willing and ready people are to act to stop corruption. The findings are clear: corruption is a very real burden, with more than one out of four respondents reporting having paid a bribe during the last year.3 When people are not in a position to afford a bribe, they might be prevented from buying a home, starting a business or accessing basic services. Corruption can, and often does, infringe on fundamental rights.
For those surviving on less than US$2 a day, and for women who are the primary caretakers of children around the globe, corruption and bribery are particularly devastating. For them, the additional cost of bribery can mean trade- offs are made between health and hunger, between school entrance fees and the shoes necessary to wear to school. Not only do people pay the costs of corruption directly, but their quality of life is also affected by less visible forms of corruption. When powerful groups buy influence over government decisions or when public funds are diverted into the coffers of the political elite, ordinary people suffer. When there is widespread belief that corruption prevails and the powerful in particular are able to get away with it, people lose faith in those entrusted with power.
As the Global Corruption Barometer 2013 shows, corruption is seen to be running through the foundations of the democratic and legal process in many countries, affecting public trust in political parties, the judiciary and the police, among other key institutions. Importantly, however, the people surveyed around the world as a part of the Global Corruption Barometer do not view themselves as powerless victims of corruption.
Corruption in public sphere and its impact pptsudarsan prasad
This document defines and discusses corruption. It begins by defining corruption as the abuse of power for personal gain. It then discusses different types of corruption, including government/political corruption. It explores causes of corruption like bureaucracy and inequality. The impacts of corruption discussed include lower economic growth and foreign investment, greater inequality, and distortion of public spending. Corruption is described as having hidden costs like increased transaction costs and as reducing economic efficiency. The document also examines corruption from several sources.
This document provides an overview of corruption, including definitions, forms, and international efforts to address it. It defines corruption as the abuse of power for private gain. It discusses forms like bribery, embezzlement, and state capture. The UN Convention against Corruption aims to prevent and criminalize corrupt acts and promote international cooperation. Other agreements like the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and FCPA also regulate cross-border bribery. The document examines anti-corruption frameworks and gives examples of recovered corrupt assets programs.
This document discusses corruption in Bangladesh from various perspectives. It begins with conceptual definitions of corruption from the World Bank and Transparency International. It then analyzes Bangladesh's ranking in the Corruption Perceptions Index and outlines relevant anti-corruption laws. The impacts of corruption are explored across social, political, economic, environmental, technological, cultural and religious domains. Specific corrupt practices are described for each sector. The document concludes with a call to join hands against corruption.
This document provides an introduction to anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT). It discusses common criminal activities that generate illegal funds such as drug trafficking, human trafficking, and corruption. It defines money laundering and terrorist financing and explains the placement, layering, and integration stages of money laundering. The document also discusses how illegal funds enter financial systems, the consequences of money laundering, and international standards to prevent money laundering and terrorist financing through the Financial Action Task Force recommendations. Financial institutions have compliance obligations including establishing AML/CFT policies, conducting customer due diligence, reporting suspicious activities, and providing training.
This chapter discusses how a nation's political, economic, and legal systems interact and influence each other. It addresses different types of political systems based on their emphasis on collectivism vs individualism and democracy vs totalitarianism. Economic systems like market, command, and mixed economies are also examined. The chapter then explores legal systems including common law, civil law, and theocratic law. Key determinants of a country's economic development are identified as political and economic systems, geography, education, and how nations are in transition both politically and economically.
The document discusses various types of corruption including administrative, political, petty, grand, and public corruption. It provides examples of administrative corruption and grand corruption. It also discusses corruption globally, noting that over $1 trillion is paid in bribes annually according to World Bank estimates. The top 10 least corrupt countries are listed as well as the top 10 most corrupt countries. Corruption in Pakistan is also examined, where it is estimated that 40% of Pakistanis pay bribes, especially those in poorer economic segments. Causes of corruption in Pakistan include a lack of accountability, political interference, and empowerment of citizens. Potential ways to overcome corruption discussed include ending impunity, reforms to public administration and finance, promoting transparency, empowering citizens
The document discusses corruption, defining it as "the abuse of entrusted power for private gain" which can occur in both the public and private sectors. It notes corruption takes many forms including bribery, cronyism, conflicts of interest, and political influence. Corruption has significant negative impacts as it hinders development, robs countries of resources, and puts public services out of reach. To combat corruption, there are numerous global and national frameworks such as the UN Convention Against Corruption and the UK Bribery Act. Transparency International works to address corruption through initiatives like the Corruption Perceptions Index and advocacy programs in both the public and private sectors.
This document discusses corruption in Trinidad and Tobago and why it seems to be increasing despite codes of ethics. It notes that corruption undermines development in developing countries by creating an uneven distribution of wealth. While Trinidad and Tobago has many codes of ethics for professionals and public officials, corruption has still increased over the past 14 years as measured by Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index. The document analyzes factors contributing to endemic corruption in Trinidad and Tobago such as weaknesses in political systems, lack of accountability, influence of the drug trade, and failure to properly educate citizens on ethics. It concludes that strengthening institutions to prevent corruption and empowering citizens is needed to curb corruption in the long run.
This document discusses the problems with cronyism and corruption in Greece's economy. It notes that Greece has very low scores on various indices measuring economic freedom and competitiveness, ranking last in the EU. It attributes this to Greece having "extractive institutions" designed by political elites to benefit themselves rather than inclusive institutions that secure property rights and create opportunities for all citizens. Charts show that countries with higher economic freedom tend to have lower corruption, stronger political and civil rights, and higher incomes for the poorest 10% of the population. The document argues for reforming Greece's institutions and policies to be more open and competitive in order to reduce corruption and cronyism and benefit citizens.
This document discusses strategies for sustaining civic engagement. It identifies barriers to participation such as lack of civics education and voter suppression. It describes a spectrum of civic actions from lightweight to heavyweight. Tactical actions are reactive while strategic actions work to implement long-term policy goals. Sustaining engagement requires countering fatigue, recognition for contributions, gamification, civic education, connecting actions to daily life, building community, and empowerment.
Role Of Women In Pakistan local Self GovernmentAfshanMukhtiar
The document summarizes women's representation and participation in local self-government in Pakistan over time. Some key points:
- Devolution of Power Plan 2000 introduced by General Musharraf provided 33% quota for women in local councils through direct and indirect elections, greatly increasing women's representation with over 36,000 being elected.
- However, women councilors still faced constraints influencing policies and faced gaps in rights/responsibilities outlined in law. Implementation also had issues like marginalizing women.
- Women's organizations played an important role in advocating for greater women's political participation and building capacity of women leaders at the local level.
- While quotas increased numbers, true impact requires women being able to influence
Accountability & transparency 26 05-2014Shamsul Arefin
The document discusses accountability, transparency, and anti-corruption measures in public administration. It provides background on why transparency and accountability are essential in government. It outlines some major initiatives to enhance transparency, such as right to information acts, citizens' charters, and e-government programs. The document also discusses accountability, including identifying responsible authorities, penalizing non-performance, and grievance redress mechanisms. It examines implementation processes for accountability.
Trafficking in Persons Trends and Patterns by Kristiina Kangaspunta, UNODC - ...OECD Governance
Presentation made by Kristiina Kangaspunta, UNODC at the 3rd meeting of the OECD Task Force on Charting Illicit Trade - OECD, Paris, 30-31 March 2015
For more information see http://www.oecd.org/gov/risk/charting-illicit-trade-third-task-force-meeting.htm
This document discusses the emergence of a new form of human trafficking for ransom facilitated by information and communication technologies (ICT). It began in 2009 in the Sinai region, where traffickers used torture and the threat of organ harvesting to extort ransoms from victims' families contacted by mobile phone. Between 25,000-30,000 people were victims in 2009-2013, with 20-33% dying due to the trafficking. ICT enabled intelligence gathering, ransom demands and collections, facilitating the transnational criminal network. The challenges include vulnerable people outside their communities and ineffective governance across borders.
Paper submitted in the National conference on Prevention of Corruption in India : Challenges Ahead held by HNB GARHWAL UNIVERSITY. TIHRI. and was appreciated in the conference.
This document discusses governance issues in Nepal based on a presentation by Dr. M Rijal. It provides common definitions of governance from various organizations and outlines World Bank indicators used to measure governance. While Nepal saw some improvements from 1990-2000, its World Bank governance scores declined from 1996-2002. The document also discusses positives and negatives of global governance trends and outlines both improvements and issues in Nepal's governance, including political instability, corruption, and failure to benefit all regions and populations equally.
Every day, all over the world, ordinary people bear the cost of corruption. In many countries, corruption affects people from birth until death. In Zimbabwe, women giving birth in a local hospital have been charged US$5 every time they scream as a penalty for raising false alarm.
1 In Bangladesh, the recent collapse of a multi-story factory, which killed more than 1,100 people due to a breach of basic safety standards, has been linked to allegations of corruption.
2 This report examines how corruption features in people’s lives around the world. Drawing on the results of a Transparency International survey of more than 114,000 respondents in 107 countries, it addresses people’s direct experiences with bribery and details their views on corruption in the main institutions in their countries. Significantly, Transparency International’s Global Corruption Barometer also provides insights into how willing and ready people are to act to stop corruption. The findings are clear: corruption is a very real burden, with more than one out of four respondents reporting having paid a bribe during the last year.3 When people are not in a position to afford a bribe, they might be prevented from buying a home, starting a business or accessing basic services. Corruption can, and often does, infringe on fundamental rights.
For those surviving on less than US$2 a day, and for women who are the primary caretakers of children around the globe, corruption and bribery are particularly devastating. For them, the additional cost of bribery can mean trade- offs are made between health and hunger, between school entrance fees and the shoes necessary to wear to school. Not only do people pay the costs of corruption directly, but their quality of life is also affected by less visible forms of corruption. When powerful groups buy influence over government decisions or when public funds are diverted into the coffers of the political elite, ordinary people suffer. When there is widespread belief that corruption prevails and the powerful in particular are able to get away with it, people lose faith in those entrusted with power.
As the Global Corruption Barometer 2013 shows, corruption is seen to be running through the foundations of the democratic and legal process in many countries, affecting public trust in political parties, the judiciary and the police, among other key institutions. Importantly, however, the people surveyed around the world as a part of the Global Corruption Barometer do not view themselves as powerless victims of corruption.
Corruption in public sphere and its impact pptsudarsan prasad
This document defines and discusses corruption. It begins by defining corruption as the abuse of power for personal gain. It then discusses different types of corruption, including government/political corruption. It explores causes of corruption like bureaucracy and inequality. The impacts of corruption discussed include lower economic growth and foreign investment, greater inequality, and distortion of public spending. Corruption is described as having hidden costs like increased transaction costs and as reducing economic efficiency. The document also examines corruption from several sources.
This document provides an overview of corruption, including definitions, forms, and international efforts to address it. It defines corruption as the abuse of power for private gain. It discusses forms like bribery, embezzlement, and state capture. The UN Convention against Corruption aims to prevent and criminalize corrupt acts and promote international cooperation. Other agreements like the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and FCPA also regulate cross-border bribery. The document examines anti-corruption frameworks and gives examples of recovered corrupt assets programs.
This document discusses corruption in Bangladesh from various perspectives. It begins with conceptual definitions of corruption from the World Bank and Transparency International. It then analyzes Bangladesh's ranking in the Corruption Perceptions Index and outlines relevant anti-corruption laws. The impacts of corruption are explored across social, political, economic, environmental, technological, cultural and religious domains. Specific corrupt practices are described for each sector. The document concludes with a call to join hands against corruption.
This document provides an introduction to anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT). It discusses common criminal activities that generate illegal funds such as drug trafficking, human trafficking, and corruption. It defines money laundering and terrorist financing and explains the placement, layering, and integration stages of money laundering. The document also discusses how illegal funds enter financial systems, the consequences of money laundering, and international standards to prevent money laundering and terrorist financing through the Financial Action Task Force recommendations. Financial institutions have compliance obligations including establishing AML/CFT policies, conducting customer due diligence, reporting suspicious activities, and providing training.
The document discusses various types of corruption including administrative, political, petty, grand, and public corruption. It provides examples of administrative corruption and grand corruption. It also discusses corruption levels worldwide, with the least corrupt countries being Denmark, New Zealand, Finland, Sweden, and Switzerland, and the most corrupt being Somalia, South Sudan, North Korea, Syria, and Yemen. Regarding Pakistan specifically, it states that Pakistan ranks 116th out of 176 countries on transparency international's corruption index, and that 40% of Pakistanis report paying bribes, most commonly to police and for public services. It discusses the consequences of corruption and some ways to potentially overcome it such as ensuring punishments, reforms, transparency, empowering citizens, and closing
This document discusses corruption and good governance in Nigeria and how international business can improve the country. It analyzes Nigeria's high corruption levels according to groups like Transparency International and looks at what deters investment. The document also examines what constitutes good governance, how corruption impacts economies, and Nigeria's potential if it adopted policies and institutions to combat corruption and improve governance.
This document discusses corruption and good governance in Nigeria and how international business can improve the country. It analyzes Nigeria's high corruption levels according to groups like Transparency International and looks at what businesses consider when investing in countries. While Nigeria has a large labor force and natural resources, corruption negatively impacts investment. The document recommends policies like simplifying taxes, increasing transparency and accountability, and focusing on preventing corruption to attract more foreign direct investment and realize Nigeria's economic potential.
This document discusses corruption and good governance in Nigeria and how international business can improve the country. It analyzes Nigeria's high corruption levels according to groups like Transparency International and looks at what deters investment. The document also examines what constitutes good governance, how corruption impacts economies, and Nigeria's potential if it adopted anti-corruption measures and policies to strengthen rule of law, accountability, and transparency.
This document discusses corruption and good governance in Nigeria and how international business can improve the country. It analyzes Nigeria's high corruption levels according to groups like Transparency International and looks at what deters investment. The document also examines what constitutes good governance, how corruption impacts economies, and Nigeria's potential if it adopted anti-corruption measures and policies to strengthen rule of law, accountability, and transparency.
This document discusses corruption and good governance in Nigeria and how international business can improve the country. It analyzes Nigeria's high corruption levels according to groups like Transparency International and looks at what deters investment. The document also examines what constitutes good governance, how corruption impacts economies, and Nigeria's potential if it adopted anti-corruption measures and policies to strengthen rule of law, accountability, and transparency.
This document discusses corruption and good governance in Nigeria and how international business can improve the country. It analyzes Nigeria's high corruption levels according to groups like Transparency International and looks at what deters investment. The document also examines what constitutes good governance, how corruption impacts economies, and Nigeria's potential if it adopted anti-corruption and transparency policies to attract more foreign direct investment.
This document discusses corruption and good governance in Nigeria and how international business can improve the country. It analyzes Nigeria's high corruption levels according to groups like Transparency International and looks at what deters investment. The document also examines what constitutes good governance, how corruption impacts economies, and Nigeria's potential if it adopted anti-corruption measures and policies to strengthen rule of law, accountability, and transparency.
This is a four country comparison from a presentation I made which gives an overview of nonprofit governance and fundraising in Egypt, the UK, India and the United States.
India is a fast developing country in the world where our systems are weak. So there is always a chance of corruption. Who is responsible for this? What action should be taken? What we must keep in the mind is “Nothing is impossible”. If we join our hands together there can be an end to this deep rooted evil. The only thing is it takes time. A little progress everyday leads to a big result one day ……… may be tomorrow. Be GOOD and DO GOOD
This document discusses corruption in Nigeria and how international business can help improve governance. It analyzes Nigeria's poor rankings on corruption indices and factors businesses consider when investing in countries. While Nigeria has a large labor force and natural resources, corruption is perceived to be high and deters investment. The document compares Nigeria to other countries and outlines research questions on cultural perceptions of governance and defining good governance. It finds corruption significantly impacts investment climate and has enormous economic and social costs. With reforms to increase transparency and prevent corruption, Nigeria has strong economic potential to attract more foreign investment.
BREAKING THE SILENCE AROUND SEXTORTION: THE LINKS BETWEEN POWER, SEX AND C...Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
Sexual extortion or “sextortion” occurs when those entrusted with power use it to sexually exploit those dependent on that power. It is a gendered form of corruption that occurs in both developed and developing countries, affecting children and adults, vulnerable individuals (such as undocumented migrants crossing borders) and established professionals. While evidence shows that women are disproportionally targeted, men, transgender and gender non-conforming people are also affected.
Sextortion has long been a silent form of corruption, hiding in plain view. Until recently, it was never discussed or recognised as a distinct phenomenon within either the corruption framework or the framework of gender-based violence. Lacking a name, sextortion remained largely invisible, and few research projects, laws or strategies were developed to address it. Barriers to reporting sextortion and obtaining effective redress further contributed to its low profile. As a result, researchers have failed to ask survivors/victims the right questions to properly understand sextortion; statistical systems lack the appropriate categories to register the few cases that go to court, and complaints have been poorly handled. The result has been that survivors/victims have largely been denied justice.
This Transparency International report assesses the state of knowledge about the links between corruption and sextortion. It presents evidence on the prevalence of sextortion and the existing legal frameworks to address it, and it proposes recommendations for how to tackle it.
1. Women trafficking is a serious issue that violates human rights and involves exploiting women for financial gain. It is the third largest international crime.
2. Traffickers use deception and threats to transport women and force them into servitude, with poverty and lack of opportunities as contributing factors.
3. Combating trafficking requires prevention through education, protection of victims, and prosecution of traffickers according to national and international laws.
Corruption is defined as dishonest or criminal behavior by people in positions of authority to gain illicit benefits or abuse power for personal gain. Corruption has negative consequences such as reduced economic growth, deteriorated public services, increased poverty and inequality, and political instability. To combat corruption, transparency and accountability must be strengthened through anti-corruption laws, civic engagement, education, and international cooperation between governments, organizations, and the public.
This document discusses several topics related to deviance and crime:
- It defines deviance as any behavior that violates social norms and lists some examples.
- It describes the criminal justice system and its large size in the United States.
- It discusses different theories that have been proposed to explain deviance, such as functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives.
- It provides statistics on crime in the US and classifications of different types of crimes.
This document discusses corruption in India. It defines corruption as wrongdoing by those in power through illegitimate or unethical means, often involving bribery. The document outlines several Indian laws related to corruption and describes the types of corruption as political, administrative, and professional. Political corruption involves using money and favors to win elections. Administrative corruption occurs in government offices through bribery of officials. Professional corruption involves fraudulent business practices. The document suggests ways to reduce corruption through education, accountability, computerization, and religious support of anti-corruption efforts.
Similar to Anti-corruption course, Bishkek Academy, 2018 (20)
The document discusses environmental challenges facing Easter Island and sustainability more broadly. It notes that Easter Island's population grew until peaking at around 7,000 people in 1550, but as the island's forests were cut down and resources depleted, war and cannibalism increased. The document outlines some of the greatest environmental challenges facing the world today like climate change, pollution, and loss of biodiversity. It discusses the concept of sustainability and how we can balance meeting current needs without preventing future generations from meeting their own needs. The document also discusses the "tragedy of the commons" and challenges of managing common resources on a global level.
Gender equality and good governance moduleMurod Khusanov
This document discusses gender equality and sustainable development. It summarizes that gender equality is a fundamental human right recognized in several international agreements. While governments have a primary duty to protect human rights, businesses also have a responsibility to respect women's rights. Women's empowerment is critical to sustainable development by promoting economic growth, social development, and improving quality of life. However, structural barriers continue to hinder women's full participation and contributions to economic growth and sustainable development. The document argues that promoting gender equality is important for effective climate action and sustainable development.
Good Governance module - OSCE Academy 2022Murod Khusanov
The document discusses good governance principles like accountability, transparency, rule of law, and inclusiveness. It analyzes Botswana and Zimbabwe's different development outcomes, attributed to Botswana's inclusive institutions and prudent use of resources, while Zimbabwe experienced decline after violent land reforms and hyperinflation under Mugabe's authoritarian rule. The document stresses that representative decision-making and equitable distribution of wealth support economic success and stability.
This document discusses renewable energy opportunities and policies in the OSCE region. It notes that several countries have set targets to increase renewable energy production, with the European Union aiming for 32% of electricity from renewables by 2030. The document outlines how the OSCE can promote renewable energy through multistakeholder cooperation, exchanging best practices, and engaging civil society. It provides contact information for following up on renewable energy cooperation initiatives discussed in the document.
Presentation of OECD ACN recommendations on UzbekistanMurod Khusanov
Presentation of OECD Anti-corruption Network recommendations on public service integrity for the Republic of Uzbekistan in the framework of 4th round of recommendations of the Istanbul Action Plan
Article on women economic empowerment through Islamic financing mechanisms in...Murod Khusanov
The document discusses the role of Islamic finance in supporting women entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan. It notes that while Uzbekistan is undertaking political and economic reforms to attract investment, it faces challenges like corruption and lack of judicial independence. Islamic finance tools like Murabahah and Ijarah are available through the IDB and other institutions and can be alternatives to the country's banking system which tends to favor state-owned banks and has high interest rates. Islamic finance could help support the development of women entrepreneurship as only a small percentage of women are currently employed or own businesses. Initiatives aim to encourage women and girls to pursue careers in sectors like technology but they often face family pressure to choose more traditional paths. Islamic finance may
The presentation about Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) for Master of Economic Governance Students at the OSCE Academy in Bishkek
Women in Tech Incubation and Acceleration projectMurod Khusanov
This document discusses a start-up accelerator programme called WiTSAP in Uzbekistan that aims to encourage more women to enter IT professions and support female entrepreneurs. It notes that currently only 1 in 20 tech leadership positions are held by women globally. The programme will provide an intense 6-month incubation period followed by a 3-month acceleration period for selected start-ups. It is a partnership between OSCE and IT-Park and aims to grow the women's entrepreneurial community in technology through encouraging and supporting young female-led businesses.
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019Partito democratico
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
Working with data is a challenge for many organizations. Nonprofits in particular may need to collect and analyze sensitive, incomplete, and/or biased historical data about people. In this talk, Dr. Cori Faklaris of UNC Charlotte provides an overview of current AI capabilities and weaknesses to consider when integrating current AI technologies into the data workflow. The talk is organized around three takeaways: (1) For better or sometimes worse, AI provides you with “infinite interns.” (2) Give people permission & guardrails to learn what works with these “interns” and what doesn’t. (3) Create a roadmap for adding in more AI to assist nonprofit work, along with strategies for bias mitigation.
United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".Christina Parmionova
The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.Christina Parmionova
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
To date, the following regional organisations maintain or share lists of vessels that have been found to carry out or support IUU fishing within their own or adjacent convention areas and/or species of competence:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
The Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List merges all these sources into one list that provides a single reference point to identify whether a vessel is currently IUU listed. Vessels that have been IUU listed in the past and subsequently delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service) are also retained on the site, so that the site contains a full historic record of IUU listed fishing vessels.
Unlike the IUU lists published on individual RFMO websites, which may update vessel details infrequently or not at all, the Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List is kept up to date with the best available information regarding changes to vessel identity, flag state, ownership, location, and operations.
Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
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UN WOD 2024 will take us on a journey of discovery through the ocean's vastness, tapping into the wisdom and expertise of global policy-makers, scientists, managers, thought leaders, and artists to awaken new depths of understanding, compassion, collaboration and commitment for the ocean and all it sustains. The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
3. • In 2012, Global spending on health was $7.2 trillion.
• An estimated 10% - 25% of global spending on health
public procurement was lost to corruption (Global
Corruption report, TI, 2006).
• Out of a global survey of over 114,000 people, on
average, 45% believed medical and health services to be
corrupt or extremely corrupt (The Global Corruption
Barometer 2013)
• In 17 countries surveyed in 2013, over 70% of the public
believed medical and health services to be corrupt or
extremely corrupt –
these are Serbia; Albania; Tanzania; Bulgaria; Kyrgyzstan; Morocco; Ukraine; Bosnia and
Herzegovina; Russia; Egypt; Greece; Lithuania; Mongolia; Kosovo; Malawi; Moldova;
Mozambique
(The Global Corruption Barometer 2013)
osce.org
5. osce.org
Corruption and Bribery
What is corruption?
“The abuse of entrusted power for private gain”
What is bribery?
“The offering, promising, giving, accepting or soliciting of an advantage
as an inducement for an action which is illegal, unethical or a breach of
trust.”
6. osce.org
The scale of corruption
Every 1 in 4 in the world ever paid a bribe*
*Transparency International
7. osce.org
% of respondents who report having paid
bribes according to 2013 research* *Transparency International
<5%
Australia, Belgium,
Canada, Croatia,
Denmark, Finland,
Gerogia, Japan, South
Korea, Malaysia,
Maldives, New Zealand,
Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Urugay
5-9.9%
Bulgaria, Estonia, Italy,
Slovenia, Switzerland,
United Kingdom, United
States
10-14.9%
Argentina, Chile, el
Salvador, Hungary,
Israel, Jamaica,
Palestine, Philippines,
Rwanda, Vanuatu
15-19.9%
Armenia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Kosovo, Latvia,
Macedonia (FYR),
Romania, Sri Lanka,
Sudan, Thailand, Tunisia
20-29.9%
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Colombia, Greece, Iraq,
Lithuania, Madagascar,
Moldova, Papua New
Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,
Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey,
Venezuela
30-39.9%
Bangladesh, Bolivia, Egypt,
Indonesia, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Mexico, Nepal,
Pakistan, Solomon Islands,
South Sudan, Taiwan,
Ukraine, Vietnam
40-49.9%
Afghanistan, Algeria,
Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Ethiopia,
Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia,
Morocco, Nigeria, South
Africa
50-74.9%
Cambodia, Cameroon,
Ghana, India, Kenya, Libya,
Mozambique, Senegal,
Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen,
Zimbabwe
>75%
Liberia, Sierra Leone
9. osce.org
Tops and downs
TI Rank Country
Economic
freedom*
Human
Develop
ment
Index**
Demo
cracy
Index*
**
1 Denmark 18 5 5
1 New Zealand 3 7 4
3 Finland 24 23 9
4 Sweden 19 12 3
5 Switzerland 4 3 8
TI Rank Country
Economic
freedom*
Human
Developm
ent Index**
Democrac
y Index***
170 Sudan 164 165 151
170 Yemen n/a 168 156
173 Syria n/a 149 166
174
Korea
(North)
180 n/a 167
175
South
Sudan
n/a 181 n/a
*http://www.heritage.org/index/country/denmark
**http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi
***https://www.eiu.com/home.aspx
10. osce.org
“The Arab Spring was “an
emphatic rejection of
corruption and a cry for
integrity… At the
movement’s centre was a
deep-seated anger at the
poverty and injustice
suffered by entire
societies due to systemic
corruption”.
Yury Fedotov, the
Executive Director of the
UN Office on Drugs and
Crime
Outcomes of corruption
18. osce.org
Ferdinand Marcos and state capture
• Economic rise, fight against poverty and corruption
• Support of US and allies for his fight against communists
• Massive financial loans to support his programme including
large infrastructure projects
• Introduction of martial law and following repressions against
opposition and suppression of free media
• State capture by family members and cronies and
systematic corruption
• As a result economy stagnated due to mismanagement and
corruption
• Further this led to public unrest and overthrow of the regime
20. osce.org
Bribery
The offering, promising, giving, accepting or soliciting of
an advantage as an inducement for an action which is
illegal, unethical or a breach of trust. Inducements can
take the form of gifts, loans, fees, rewards or other
advantages (taxes, services, donations, favours etc.).
21. osce.org
Facilitation payments
A small bribe, also called a ‘facilitating’, ‘speed’ or
‘grease’ payment; made to secure or expedite the
performance of a routine or necessary action to which
the payer has legal or other entitlement.
23. osce.org
Nepotism
Form of favouritism based on acquaintances and familiar
relationships whereby someone in an official position
exploits his or her power and authority to provide a job
or favour to a family member or friend, even though he
or she may not be qualified or deserving.
24. osce.org
Embezzlement
Theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person
in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets.
Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and
corporate settings.
25. osce.org
Lobbying
Any activity carried out to influence a government or
institution’s policies and decisions in favour of a specific
cause or outcome. Even when allowed by law, these
acts can become distortive if disproportionate levels of
influence exist – by companies, associations,
organisations and individuals
26. osce.org
Political Contribution
Any contribution, made in cash or in kind, to support a
political cause. Examples include gifts of property or
services, advertising or promotional activities endorsing
a political party, and the purchase of tickets to
fundraising events.
27. osce.org
State capture
A situation where powerful individuals, institutions,
companies or groups within or outside a country use
corruption to influence a nation’s policies, legal
environment and economy to benefit their own private
interests.
32. osce.org
UNCAC, Criminalization
• Bribery of National Public Officials (Art.15)
• Active Bribery of Foreign Public Officials
(Art.16)
• Embezzlement, Misappropriation and Other
Diversion
• of Property (Art.17)
• Money Laundering (Art.23)
• Obstruction of Justice (Art.25)
Mandatory
Offences
• Passive Bribery of Foreign Public Official
(Art.16)
• Trading in Influence (Art.18)
• Abuse of Function (Art.19)
• Illicit Enrichment (Art.20)
• Bribery in Public Sector (Art.21)
• Embezzlement in Public Sector (Art.22)
Other
Offences
34. osce.org
UNCAC, International Co-operation
Extradition
• Extradition (Art. 44)
• Transfer (Art.45)
Mutual Legal
Assistance
• Evidence and
statements
• Effecting service of
judicial documents
• Searches, seizures
and freezing
• Examining objects
and sites
• Providing documents
• Tracing proceeds of
crime
• Voluntary appearance
of persons
Joint investigations
• Law-enforcement co-
operation
• Joint investigations
and special
investigative
techniques
35. osce.org
UNCAC, Assets Recovery
Return of Assets as
Fundamental
Principle
(Art.51)
Measures to
Prevent and
Detect
Transfer of
Proceeds
(Art.52)
Measures for
Direct
Recovery of
Property
(Art.53)
Measures for
Return and
Disposal of
Assets
(Art.57)
Recovery of
Property
through
International
Cooperation
(Art.54 - 55)
36. osce.org
UNCAC, Returning of assets
Embezzled Public Funds from the State
Return to the State
Proceeds of Other Offences Covered by UNCAC
Return to the State if it Establishes Ownership or Damage Recognized by
the Requested State Party as a Basis for Return
Other Cases
May be Returned to the Requesting State Party, a Prior Legitimate Owner or
Used for Compensating Victims
37. osce.org
Example, BOTA Foundation
Bribery
transactions
• Alleged bribery transactions from oil company to
high-level Kazakh officials
Assets
freeze
• Swiss authorities had frozen and confiscated $84
million based on legal case sanctioned by US
against James H. Giffen and Mercator Corporation
Assets
return
• MoU was signed by Kazakhstan, Switzerland and
US on transfer of assets ($115 million, incl. interest
rates) to found and operate BOTA foundation
38. osce.org
Example, BOTA Foundation
• The Foundation established to improve the lives of
vulnerable children and youth suffering from
poverty in Kazakhstan through investment in their
health, education, and social welfare
• Between 2009 and 2014, 632 projects were funded
• 154,241 beneficiaries from 95,000 poor
households
• 841 educational grants
42. osce.org
Other international and supranational
documents
• OECD Anti Bribery Convention (1997)
• Inter-American Convention Against Corruption
(1997)
• Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, US (1977)
• Bribery Act, UK (2010)
43. osce.org
Common features of anti-bribery laws
• They seek to punish bribe givers and takers
• Extra-territoriality
• Criminal offence
• Foreign public officials
• Penalties for individuals and organisations
• Corporate liability
44. osce.org
UK Bribery Act
• Came into force on 1 July 2011
• Several tiers of liability:
– Personal
– Corporate
– Director and Officer
45. osce.org
UK Bribery Act
• Applies to any British citizen or “person with a close
connection with” the UK
• Covers bribe-paying anywhere in the world
• Covers bribes of any size
• Applies to any company if it has commercial operations in
the UK
• Extends to ‘associated persons’
• Personal liability (up to 10 years in jail)
• Corporate liability (unlimited fines)
• Director & Officer liability
46. osce.org
US FCPA
The anti-bribery provision:
•U.S. persons and businesses are prohibited from
offering, promising, authorizing or making corrupt
payments to foreign officials to improperly obtain or
retain business or obtain an improper business
advantage.
The “books and records” provision:
•Requires accurate reporting and recording of all
transactions.
•Covers all payments to non-U.S. government officials,
regardless of why the payments were made.
47. osce.org
FCPA top-10 Settlements
1. Siemens (Germany): $800 million in 2008.
2. Alstom (France): $772 million in 2014.
3. KBR / Halliburton (USA): $579 million in 2009.
4. Teva Pharmaceutical (Israel): $519 million in 2016.
5. Och-Ziff (USA): $412 million in 2016.
6. BAE (UK): $400 million in 2010.
7. Total SA (France) $398 million in 2013.
8. VimpelCom (Holland) $397.6 million in 2016.
9. Alcoa (U.S.) $384 million in 2014.
10. Snamprogetti Netherlands B.V. / ENI S.p.A
(Holland/Italy): $365 million in 2010.
48. osce.org
Corruption trends in a business world
Primary
Schemes
Payments
through
business
partners
Treasury
Control
Deficiencies
Payroll
Gifts, Travel
and
Entertainment
Overpricing/
Kickbacks
Fictitious
vendors/
Invoices
49. osce.org
OSCE/Business Integrity activities
Uzbekistan
Joint project with Chamber of Commerce planned for 2018-2020
•Facilitation of collective action towards countering corruption in
business
• Development and promotion of code of business ethics
• Establishment of discussion and interaction platform between
government and business
• Establishment and operation of hot-line
• Training on compliance and corporate governance
• Promotion of zero-tolerance towards corruption
51. 51
Методическое пособие ОБСЕ
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Более 200 лучших международных практик, и
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https://www.osce.org/secretariat/232761