Multilevel shared management for policy design and problem-solving. Case of Estonian idle group - released from prisons

1. MULTILEVEL SHARED MANAGEMENT FOR POLICY DESIGN AND PROBLEM
SOLVING. CASE OF ESTONIAN IDLE GROUP - RELEASED FROM PRISONS
TUULI STEWART
Extern researcher

2. What’s SIG?
 Application and its design in a certain context through problem identification
method.
 The proposed social involvement model is combining shared governance with
independent actors and traditionally subjected (subordinate) parties as
counterparts.
 As an example of the policy design mechanism, the case of socialization of
returners from prison is chosen to build a model.
 An opportunity and preparedness in finding legal engagement for the (re)entry into society are
the key components that may tackle high recidivism rate in the region. Seemingly, the current
system already has a shared governance model in use, working with NGOs and with the
Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund. This cooperation however has resulted with not
substantial results from the perspective of rehabilitation and (re)socialization – Estonia remains
one of the high incarceration and recidivism areas in Europe.
 The paper argues that current target in data collection (knowledge formation) and
in preparation for (re)integration is set following institutional interests not systemic
logic and focus on results.
The search for better solutions must therefore continue.
SIG = subordinates involving governance model

3. State/
institutions
• Institutional
interests
• SIG counterparts
Independent
actors
• Business or communal
interests
• SIG counterparts
Subjects =
subordinates
• Personal interests
• SIG counterparts
SIG =
subordinates
involving
governance
model
counterparts
• Shared governance
• Counterparts
• Policy design
• Data collection
• Knowledge formation

4. State/
institutions
• Institutional
interests
• SIG counterparts
Independent
actors
• Business or communal
interests
• SIG counterparts
Subjects =
subordinates
• Personal interests
• SIG counterparts
State/
institutions
• Institutional
interests
• Counterparts
Independ
ent actors
• Business or
communal
interests
• Counterparts
Subjects
• Personal
interests
• Counterparts
SIG =
subordinates
involving
governance
model
counterparts
• Shared governance
• Counterparts
• Policy design
• Data collection
• Knowledge formation

5. Scientist and the role in society
Aware
Intervening
Part of the process
Initiating change
Knowledge design

6. Base for
the SIG-
thinking:
• Lens defines the view
Rationality in policy design
• Top down or bottom-up
Where the knowledge comes from
• PC is not a type writer
Data >> info >> knowledge
• What do they need?
Example – communities

7. Changing lenses
through
restorative
justice:
Observed
phenomenon
Paradigms
Methodology
Distancefromtheobservedphenomenon
Formal
logic
Dialectics
Trialectics
One of the lessons I have
learned (in photography)
is how profoundly the
lens I look through
affects the outcome.
My choice of lens
determines in what
circumstances I can
work and how I see.

8. Changing lenses
through
restorative
justice:
Observed phenomenon
Paradigms
Methodology
Distancefromtheobserved
Formal logic
Dialectics
Trialectics
One of the lessons I have
learned (in photography)
is how profoundly the
lens I look through
affects the outcome.
My choice of lens
determines in what
circumstances I can
work and how I see.

9. Amitai Etzioni
Bottom-Up
Nation Building
Policy Review: December 1, 2009
among the top 100 American intellectuals as
measured by academic citations in Richard
Posner’s book, Public Intellectuals: A Study of
Decline

10. • The starting point for a bottom-up approach is the communitarian recognition that societies — even modern, so-
called "mass" societies — are not composed of just millions upon millions of individual citizens. Instead, most societies
are communities of communities.
• These communities are not necessarily residential — the traditional village — but may be ethnic, religious, or based
on national origin.
• Communities have a profound effect on what seem like individual choices, from voting to purchasing to eating and
beyond
• Most people come in social packages. They are greatly influenced by the communities of which they are members
and by their natural leaders.
• IRAQ: Sunni, Shia, Kurds, and a few smaller ones - Arabs and Turkmens - distinct religious beliefs and rituals, tribal
leaders, and tribal councils. And they have armies, arms, and ways of raising revenue.
Top down or Bottom-up society-building
Active (effective) community has:
1. A higher capacity to build consensus than even democracies
command
2. Gives even higher control over policy design than totalitarian system
3. Mixed-scanning strategy

11. Changing the view
 Changing the view of one is
hard
 Changing the view of
administrative power is mission
impossible
 Cause >> effect change in time
 Environment changes
 Political interests
 Defining communities and their
interests in not convenient

12. Data >> info
Information millennium means not only that we can reach data more easily. It also means that we
have to treat data differently: we need to separate, make sense, find meaning, manipulate and
present it. And it has to be done faster and faster.
* infoks muutma

13. Crime in Estonia (2006-2015)
Source: (Estonian
statistics, 2017)
2,688 2,681 2,965 2,278 1,842 1,798 1,715 1,841 1,766 2,443
49,146
47,694 48,012
46,081 46,498
40,769
39,101
37,744
36,021
30,110
51,834
50,375 50,977
48,359 48,340
42,567
40,816
39,585
37,787
32,553
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
CountofCriminalActs
1st degree crime
2nd degree crime
Total registered crime/ 1st+2nd
degree
Linear (1st degree crime)

14. Proportions and
shares of the budget
of integration of one
idle group in society
Every prisoner by the
Estonian Law is a potential
returner into the society.
Therefore, prison could be
seen as an integration
program for an idle group.

15. 5% of the
budget is used
directly for the
subordinates =
idle group. The
rest is serving
institutional
interests.

16. Demographics vs phenomena
320,000
330,000
340,000
350,000
360,000
370,000
380,000
390,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Young men in Estonia
The count of
men(15-54
years) in Estonia
2000-2016
Change
2006-2015 41,56% 20,08% -4,75%
Average 30,82% baby boom
Age 15-19 20-24 25-29

17. Influences
R² = 0.9341
R² = 0.9544
35.0%
55.0%
75.0%
95.0%
115.0%
135.0%
155.0%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Registered crime vs count of young men
In Estonia
Homicide, murder Drug-related Thefts Traffic Drunk driving
Total 15-19 20-24 Linear (Total ) Linear (15-19)
100%
Statistics either reveals
or covers up

18. Types of crime by age 2016
2.7%
24.3%
27.0%
13.5% 13.5%
10.8% 2.7%
2.7%
2.7%
10.5%
21.1%
21.1%
15.8%
10.5%
15.8%
5.3%
0.0%
0.0%
14.5%
17.7%
19.4%
21.0%
19.4%
6.5% 0.0%
1.6%
0.0%
24.3%
29.7% 10.8%
24.3%
2.7%
2.7%
2.7% 2.7%
0.0%
6.5%
17.7%
21.0%
33.9%
16.1%
3.2%
1.6% 0.0%
0.0%
5.0%
25.0% 30.0%
20.0%
15.0%
5.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2.9%
17.1% 14.3%
31.4%
17.1%
2.9%
8.6%
5.7%
0.0%
33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
18-22 23-27 28-32 33-37 38-42 43-47 48-52 53-57 >58
AGE GROUP
Blank
Other
Traffic
Drug offences
Robbery
Property
Homicide
Violent

19. Idle group
Ministry
of
Education
• Projects
• Intra- & international
coordination
• Security
• Training
• Health
• Broker
• Legal help
Unemploy-
ment
Insurance
Fund
Prison
administ-
ration
Ministry
of
Justice
Ltd
Prison
Industry
• Broker
• Training
• Services
PARTNERS of
the PROGRAM
INSTITUTIONAL AND
SOCIAL SUB-
CONTRACTORS
RELEA
SED
SERVICES
SITUATION INTERPRETATION
PUBLIC
LOCAL
BANK
SCIENCE
Ministry
of Social
Affairs
SIG
model

20. Where the money comes from?
Who’s responsible if something goes wrong?
For details, please see the article
“SIG MODEL – SUBORDINATES INVOLVING GOVERNANCE.
MULTILEVEL SHARED MANAGEMENT FOR POLICY DESIGN AND PROBLEM
SOLVING. CASE OF ESTONIAN IDLE GROUP - RELEASED FROM PRISONS.“
Tuuli Stewart (Tallinn University)
tuulist@yahoo.com
Consultant: Ando Leps, dr. iur.
andoleps@hot.ee

21. Summary
of the
SIG-
thinking:
• Rationality in policy design
Lens defines the view
• Top down or bottom-up
Mixed-scanning strategy
• Note to the science – be heard!
Data >> info >> knowledge
• They know what they need
Ask communities

22. THANK YOULET’S KEEP IN TOUCH
Tuuli Stewart tuulist@yahoo.com