This document describes a study that investigated the anti-ulcer activity of the ethanol extract of Syzygium alternifolium fruit. Rats were orally administered the extract at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight to evaluate its effects on ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. The extract showed dose-dependent inhibition of ulcers in both models, with protection levels of 54.74-68.04% for ethanol ulcers and 54.13-65.14% for indomethacin ulcers. The results suggest that the Syzygium alternifolium extract can decrease acidity and increase mucosal defense in the stomach, supporting its traditional use as an
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Analgesic activity of various leaf extracts of saraca indica linn.Younis I Munshi
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the analgesic activity of different leaf extracts of Saraca indica in mice models. The extracts showed dose-dependent analgesic effects in both the formalin-induced pain and tail immersion tests. In the formalin test, the methanol extract at 400 mg/kg produced the highest analgesic activity, inhibiting pain response by 55.87% in the first phase and 49.21% in the second phase. In the tail immersion test, the methanol extract also increased the tail flick latency time the most compared to control, suggesting it may have central analgesic effects. The results indicate that extracts of Saraca indica leaves possess analgesic properties.
Therapeutic Properties and Nutritive Values of Some Fruit Bearing Medicinal P...Ram Sahu
The medicinal plants imparts chief role in protecting our health from various disease. It is nature’s gift to human being to live healthy life. Medicinal plants are believed to be much safer and proved as elixir in the treatment of various ailments. Medicinal plants used in Indian system of medicine from Rajasthan state have been surveyed and categorized systematically. The manuscript incorporated the therapeutic properties and nutritive values of medicinal plants of Rajasthan. The paper deals with 11 medicinal plants, thoroughly indexed along with their important traditional application for the cure of various ailments. This study also incorporates the ethno-botany and biological activities of these important plants
Cucurbits are edible crops, belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. They are climbers with reserves in roots and are distributed mainly in tropical zones. They are mostly moist vines and are distributed in both the eastern and western hemispheres. The member of this family are excellent fruit crops having most of the essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals required for the good health of humans. All parts of the Cucurbitaceae plants (leaf, stem, root or tuber, fruit and seeds) are used in the traditional system of medicine. Wide research is going on to search a new active compound and to analyze their medicinal properties. The present review of Cucurbitaceae family deals with the very large amount of updated information of scientific research and report in the field of phytochemistry and pharmacology. In this study, we have documented some of the important plants viz., Mukia maderaspatana, Solena amplexicaulis, Citrullus colocynthis, Citrullus lanatus, Coccinia indica, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Lagenaria siceraria, Luffa acutangula, Trichosanthes cucumerina, Corallocarpus epigaeus, Luffa cylindrica, Momordica charantia, Trichosanthes dioica and Kedrostis foetidissima.
Antidiarrhoeal activity of toddalia asiatica l irpppharmaindexing
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the anti-diarrheal effects of an ethanolic extract of Toddalia asiatica (EETA) in rats. The study investigated EETA in castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and small intestinal transit models. EETA at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced the frequency and consistency of diarrhea compared to the control. It also significantly reduced the weight and volume of intestinal contents as well as intestinal transit. The results provide evidence that EETA has anti-diarrheal properties and support its traditional use as an anti-diarrheal agent. Further studies are needed to understand its mechanism of action.
The document summarizes a presentation on isolating and characterizing secondary metabolites from Carica papaya Linn leaves. It includes an introduction to C. papaya and its traditional uses. The objectives are stated as collecting authenticated plant material and isolating compounds using chromatography for characterization. A literature review covers taxonomy, descriptions, geographical distribution, phytochemistry identifying compounds. Methods and pharmacological activities are discussed including antioxidant, antihypertensive, wound healing and others.
This study investigated the wound healing properties of a herbal ointment containing extracts of Jatropha curcas leaf. Rats were inflicted with excision wounds and treated topically with ointments containing different concentrations of J. curcas extract. Wound closure was assessed by wound area measurements. Ointments containing J. curcas extracts significantly accelerated wound healing in a dose-dependent manner compared to controls. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and glycosides in J. curcas extracts which may contribute to wound healing properties. The results suggest J. curcas extracts have potential for use in commercial wound healing ointments.
Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Vitex doniana on Lipid Pro...IOSR Journals
The effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vitex doniana leaves in serum lipid profile and liver enzymes in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats were investigated using standard analytical protocols. A total of 35 albino rats divided into seven groups of five rats each comprising one normal untreated group as animal control, one diabetic untreated group as diabetic control, one normal treated with 750mg/kg body weight as reference group, three diabetic groups treated with 250, 500 and 750mg/kg body weight respectively and one diabetic group treated with 5mg/kg Glibenclamide as standard. The result of acute toxicity test obtained indicated lethal dose (LD50) of greater than 5000mg/kg extract. The results showed that induction of diabetes caused significant (P<0.05)><0.05)><0.05)><0.05) increase in high density lipoprotein in the reference and diabetic groups when compared to normal and diabetic control groups respectively after oral administration of Vitex doniana leaf extracts. It could therefore be concluded that Vitex doniana leaf extract is safe, medicinal and have anti-lipidemia properties and hepato-protective effects.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Analgesic activity of various leaf extracts of saraca indica linn.Younis I Munshi
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the analgesic activity of different leaf extracts of Saraca indica in mice models. The extracts showed dose-dependent analgesic effects in both the formalin-induced pain and tail immersion tests. In the formalin test, the methanol extract at 400 mg/kg produced the highest analgesic activity, inhibiting pain response by 55.87% in the first phase and 49.21% in the second phase. In the tail immersion test, the methanol extract also increased the tail flick latency time the most compared to control, suggesting it may have central analgesic effects. The results indicate that extracts of Saraca indica leaves possess analgesic properties.
Therapeutic Properties and Nutritive Values of Some Fruit Bearing Medicinal P...Ram Sahu
The medicinal plants imparts chief role in protecting our health from various disease. It is nature’s gift to human being to live healthy life. Medicinal plants are believed to be much safer and proved as elixir in the treatment of various ailments. Medicinal plants used in Indian system of medicine from Rajasthan state have been surveyed and categorized systematically. The manuscript incorporated the therapeutic properties and nutritive values of medicinal plants of Rajasthan. The paper deals with 11 medicinal plants, thoroughly indexed along with their important traditional application for the cure of various ailments. This study also incorporates the ethno-botany and biological activities of these important plants
Cucurbits are edible crops, belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. They are climbers with reserves in roots and are distributed mainly in tropical zones. They are mostly moist vines and are distributed in both the eastern and western hemispheres. The member of this family are excellent fruit crops having most of the essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals required for the good health of humans. All parts of the Cucurbitaceae plants (leaf, stem, root or tuber, fruit and seeds) are used in the traditional system of medicine. Wide research is going on to search a new active compound and to analyze their medicinal properties. The present review of Cucurbitaceae family deals with the very large amount of updated information of scientific research and report in the field of phytochemistry and pharmacology. In this study, we have documented some of the important plants viz., Mukia maderaspatana, Solena amplexicaulis, Citrullus colocynthis, Citrullus lanatus, Coccinia indica, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Lagenaria siceraria, Luffa acutangula, Trichosanthes cucumerina, Corallocarpus epigaeus, Luffa cylindrica, Momordica charantia, Trichosanthes dioica and Kedrostis foetidissima.
Antidiarrhoeal activity of toddalia asiatica l irpppharmaindexing
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the anti-diarrheal effects of an ethanolic extract of Toddalia asiatica (EETA) in rats. The study investigated EETA in castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and small intestinal transit models. EETA at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced the frequency and consistency of diarrhea compared to the control. It also significantly reduced the weight and volume of intestinal contents as well as intestinal transit. The results provide evidence that EETA has anti-diarrheal properties and support its traditional use as an anti-diarrheal agent. Further studies are needed to understand its mechanism of action.
The document summarizes a presentation on isolating and characterizing secondary metabolites from Carica papaya Linn leaves. It includes an introduction to C. papaya and its traditional uses. The objectives are stated as collecting authenticated plant material and isolating compounds using chromatography for characterization. A literature review covers taxonomy, descriptions, geographical distribution, phytochemistry identifying compounds. Methods and pharmacological activities are discussed including antioxidant, antihypertensive, wound healing and others.
This study investigated the wound healing properties of a herbal ointment containing extracts of Jatropha curcas leaf. Rats were inflicted with excision wounds and treated topically with ointments containing different concentrations of J. curcas extract. Wound closure was assessed by wound area measurements. Ointments containing J. curcas extracts significantly accelerated wound healing in a dose-dependent manner compared to controls. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and glycosides in J. curcas extracts which may contribute to wound healing properties. The results suggest J. curcas extracts have potential for use in commercial wound healing ointments.
Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Vitex doniana on Lipid Pro...IOSR Journals
The effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vitex doniana leaves in serum lipid profile and liver enzymes in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats were investigated using standard analytical protocols. A total of 35 albino rats divided into seven groups of five rats each comprising one normal untreated group as animal control, one diabetic untreated group as diabetic control, one normal treated with 750mg/kg body weight as reference group, three diabetic groups treated with 250, 500 and 750mg/kg body weight respectively and one diabetic group treated with 5mg/kg Glibenclamide as standard. The result of acute toxicity test obtained indicated lethal dose (LD50) of greater than 5000mg/kg extract. The results showed that induction of diabetes caused significant (P<0.05)><0.05)><0.05)><0.05) increase in high density lipoprotein in the reference and diabetic groups when compared to normal and diabetic control groups respectively after oral administration of Vitex doniana leaf extracts. It could therefore be concluded that Vitex doniana leaf extract is safe, medicinal and have anti-lipidemia properties and hepato-protective effects.
Analgesic and antipyretic activity of methanolic extract of Acacia leucophloe...pharmaindexing
The document studies the antipyretic (fever-reducing) activity of Scaevola taccada leaf extracts in rats. Preliminary screening found the leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, lipids, terpenoids, glycosides and saponins. Ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts were tested on yeast-induced fever in rats. Both extracts significantly reduced fever, comparable to the standard drug paracetamol. The antipyretic effects may be due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.
Anti diabetic activity of sida spinosa linn (malvaceae) ijrpppharmaindexing
The document summarizes a study that investigated the anti-diabetic effects of the whole plant of Sida spinosa Linn. in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Key findings of the study include: 1) Administration of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses of the ethanolic extract of S. spinosa showed a reduction in blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in diabetic rats; 2) Histopathological analysis showed the extract protected pancreatic tissue from alloxan damage similar to the standard drug glibenclamide. The results provide evidence that S. spinosa has anti-diabetic properties and support its traditional use for treating diabetes.
The Role of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. Leaf Powder in the Broiler Chicken...UniversitasGadjahMada
Aflatoxin (AF) is the secondary metabolite of Aspergillus flavus and commonly contaminates feed during storage.AF causes lowered growth rate, stress, and increased mortality in the poultry, especially for broiler industries.The aims of this study are to determine the effects of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. leaf powder (SAP) in the chickens fed a diet naturally contaminated with AF. A total of 108 chickens are divided into 6 group: group I fed with basal diet (AF not detectable); group II fed with basal diet (AF not detectable) + 5%SAP; group III with AF (>1 ppb <50 ppb); group IVwithAF (>1 ppb <50ppb) + 5% SAP; groupVwithAF (>51 ppb <100 ppb) + 5%SAP; group VI with AF (>101 ppb <150 ppb) + 5% SAP.The data of the body weight, feed intake and efficiency, the relative weight of liver, kidney, spleen, bursa of Fabricius (BF), histopathology, haematological profile, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer, AF residue, and immunohistochemistry are collected on days 7, 14, and 21. All the data were analysed using SPSS 16. The supplementation of 5%SAPin the chickens fed a diet naturally contaminated withAFshowed the potential effects of the bodyweight performance, haematological profile protection, increase in the cellular and humoral immune responses, reduction of AF residue in the organ, protection of liver, kidney, spleen, and BF histopathology, and increase in the immune-expression of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes ratio (P < 0.05). It shows that 5% SAP can be used as the alternative herbal supplementation to depress the impacts of aflatoxicosis in the broiler chickens.
Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Celosia Argentea in Fema...YogeshIJTSRD
Celosia argentea is a plant of family Amaranthaceae used as traditional medicine for various diseases. The aim of the study is to evaluate the acute toxicity effect of Celosia argentea leaf extract for 14 days in female albino rats. The aqueous extract of Celosia argentea showed no evidence of single dose toxicity 2000 mg kg when studying acute toxicity on biochemical, hematological or histological parameters. The results showed that .C. argentea does not cause toxicity at the doses studied. M. Sridevi | B. Senthilkumar | K. Devi "Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Celosia Argentea in Female Albino Rats" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39811.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/39811/acute-oral-toxicity-study-of-aqueous-leaf-extract-of-celosia-argentea-in-female-albino-rats/m-sridevi
Pak J Pharm Sci. 2014 May;27(3):607-16.
Review: Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera)- an emerging plant in pharmacological research.
Mallhi TH1, Qadir MI2, Ali M2, Ahmad B3, Khan YH4, Rehman A1.
Author information
1College of Pharmacy, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
3Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
4School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Penang Pulau, Malaysia.
Abstract
Date Fruits are consumed in Arab areas for a long time as a part of essential diet. Phoenix dactylifera belongs to family Arecaceae and its leaves, barks, pits, fruits and pollens have anticancer, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antiulcertavie, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antimutagenic, antidiarheal, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral potential. Besides these, Dates also increase level of estrogen, testosterone, RBCs, Hb, PCV, reticulocytes and platelet counts. It can also cure lead induced heamotoxicity, side effects of methylprednisolon, male and female infertility. It has also cerebroprotective, neuroprotective and haemopoietic activity. Phoenix dactylifera can be used for number of complications if further evaluated and isolated. The present paper is an overview of pharmacological properties of Phoenix dactylifera reported in literature.
This study investigated the anti-ulcer activity of Albizia amara, a plant used in traditional medicine, in three ulcer models. Petroleum ether and methanol extracts of A. amara were tested on ethanol, pylorus ligation, and indomethacin-induced pylorus ligation ulcer models in mice and rats. Both extracts showed a reduction in ulcer index in all three models, decreasing gastric secretion and protecting the gastric mucosa. The extracts also decreased ulcer score and increased the percentage of ulcer protection compared to the negative controls. These results provide evidence that A. amara has anti-ulcer properties and support its traditional use for treating ulcers.
The document describes a study that investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of Garcinia kola seed on reproductive parameters in male Wistar rats. The extract was administered orally at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for 3 and 6 weeks. Preliminary analysis found the extract contained various phytochemicals and was considered safe up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg. After 3 weeks, testicular weight decreased significantly in treated groups while sperm count and motility increased. After 6 weeks, epididymal weight increased significantly in the high dose group while testicular changes were not significant. The extract appeared to enhance sperm characteristics at both time points without major toxicity.
Antiplasmodial efficacy of methanolic root and leaf extracts ofAlexander Decker
This document reports on a study that evaluated the antiplasmodial efficacy of methanolic root and leaf extracts of Morinda lucida against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. The percentage suppression of parasitemia for the methanolic root extract was dose-dependent, ranging from 56.3% to 81.8% for doses of 100-400 mg/kg and chloroquine respectively. The mean survival period was also highest for the 400 mg/kg dose and chloroquine treated groups. A combination of leaf and root extracts showed slightly higher antiplasmodial activity compared to the extracts individually. The study concludes that the methanolic root and leaf extracts of M. lucida have potential for
Analgesic activity of boswellia ovalifoliolata linn leaves ijrpppharmaindexing
This document describes an in vivo study that evaluated the analgesic activity of petroleum ether extracts of Boswellia ovalifoliolata Linn. leaves in mice models. The study found that oral administration of the extracts at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg produced significant analgesic effects in both the tail immersion test and acetic acid-induced writhing test compared to the control group. The results support the traditional use of B. ovalifoliolata leaves for the treatment of painful conditions by demonstrating central and peripheral analgesic mechanisms of action.
Caripill is a formulation containing an extract of the carica papaya leaf. It contains compounds such as flavonoids, glycosides, and alkaloids that help boost platelet count by stimulating bone marrow. Clinical studies show Caripill is effective at increasing platelet counts in patients with dengue fever and other conditions associated with low platelet counts. The extract also has immunomodulatory effects by increasing cytokines. Caripill is taken three times daily for 5 days to treat thrombocytopenia from conditions like dengue, malaria, and typhoid fever. It works as a platelet booster and immunomodulator.
Anti inflammatory activity of petroleum ether extract of convolvulus eriocarp...pharmaindexing
This document describes a study evaluating the anti-inflammatory activity of the petroleum ether extract of Convolvulus eriocarpus whole plant (PCE) in rodents. Acute toxicity studies of PCE were performed according to OECD guidelines and no signs of toxicity were observed up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. Rats were treated with PCE at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg or indomethacin 10 mg/kg as a standard. Paw volume was measured at intervals over 3 hours and PCE produced a dose-dependent inhibition of paw edema similar to indomethacin
STUDY ON ANTI ULCER AND ANTI INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF Vilvathi LehiyamJing Zang
The aim of the study, to evaluate the phytochemical, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities of Vilvathi Lehiyam. Anti-ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Vilvathi Lehiyam was investigated on omeprazole induced ulcer model in albino rats. Ethanolic extract of dosage 250 and 500kg/mg produced significant inhibition of gastric lesions induced by Omeprazole induced ulcer. The extract 250 and 500kg/mg showed significant (p<0.01) reduction of pH value of gastric juice compared control. The Vilvathi Lehiyam was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity against the carrageenan induced rat paw oedema at injected sthe doses 500 kg/mg body weight and the study was compared with standard drug Dexamethasone (2mg/kg). The Vilvathi Lehiyam has significant anti-inflammatory activity, which support the traditional medicinal utilization of Vilvathi Lehiyam. Based on the above results, of Vilvathi Lehiyam may be useful as a natural drug for the treatment of ulcer and inflammation.
An approach of cucumis sativus as medicinal plantSamia Sultana
This document discusses Cucumis sativus (cucumber) as a medicinal plant. It aims to study the anti-bacterial properties of cucumber peel, which contains secondary metabolites like alkaloids, sterols, terpenes, and flavonoids. As world population and resources decline, medicinal plants will provide more prescription drugs. Cucumber peel contains tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids and has been used traditionally to treat heart, kidney, intestinal and skin issues. Future studies aim to determine its anti-diabetic effects using mice.
This study examined the antibiotic efficacy of Moringa oleifera seed and leaf extracts using crude extraction techniques. M. oleifera seeds and leaves were extracted using water, ethanol, and ethyl acetate solvents and crude or sophisticated methods. Extract-impregnated disks were tested for inhibition of 14 bacterial species. Seed extracts inhibited more bacteria (4 species) than leaf extracts (1 species). Most inhibited bacteria by seed extracts were Gram-positive. A single extract, Bacillus sphaericus, was inhibited by both seed and leaf extracts. Crude extraction techniques produced comparable inhibition zones to sophisticated techniques, suggesting potential antibiotic applications using simple methods for underserved populations.
A Review on Polyherbal Formulations and Herbal Medicine for Management of Ul...BRNSS Publication Hub
This document provides a review of polyherbal formulations and herbal medicines for treating peptic ulcers. It discusses how peptic ulcers occur due to an imbalance between aggressive and protective factors in the gastrointestinal tract. Common causes include H. pylori infection and NSAID use. While synthetic medications are available, herbal supplements are more affordable and have fewer side effects. The review examines various herbs that have traditionally been used to treat ulcers, including their active chemical constituents. It defines polyherbal formulations as combinations of two or more herbs, which can enhance therapeutic effects while reducing toxicity. The document aims to summarize recent research on herb and polyherbal formulation treatments for peptic ulcers.
Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Canthium dicoccum in parac...BRNSSPublicationHubI
The document summarizes a study that investigated the hepatoprotective effects of the methanolic extract of Canthium dicoccum in paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats. Key findings of the study include:
1) Wistar rats were treated with paracetamol to induce liver toxicity and the hepatoprotective effects of the C. dicoccum extract were evaluated.
2) The extract was found to significantly reduce paracetamol-induced increases in liver enzymes and histopathological changes, demonstrating hepatoprotective activity.
3) Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of compounds like flavonoids and phenolic compounds that may contribute to
Moringa is used for “tired blood” (anemia); arthritis and other joint pain
(rheumatism); asthma; cancer; constipation; diabetes; diarrhea; epilepsy;
stomach pain; stomach and intestinal ulcers; intestinal spasms; headache; heart
problems; high blood pressure; kidney stones; fluid retention; thyroid disorders;
and bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections.
Oil from moringa seeds is used in foods, perfume, and hair care products, and as a
machine.
Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of abutilon indicum stem ijrpppharmaindexing
The ethanol extract of Abutilon indicum stem showed potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis based on disc diffusion assay testing, with a zone of inhibition of 23.65±0.01mm. Less activity was found against Escherichia coli, with a zone of 8.70±0.12mm. Previous studies have shown that A. indicum has antimycotic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of A. indicum stem obtained using ultrasonic-bath sonication.
Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of abutilon indicum stem ijrpppharmaindexing
The ethanol extract of Abutilon indicum stem showed potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis based on disc diffusion assay testing, with a zone of inhibition of 23.65±0.01mm. Less activity was found against Escherichia coli, with a zone of 8.70±0.12mm. Previous studies have found other medicinal properties of A. indicum, including antimycotic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing effects. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of A. indicum stem using disc diffusion assays against two bacterial strains.
Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of abutilon indicum stem ijrpppharmaindexing
The ethanol extract of Abutilon indicum stem showed potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis based on disc diffusion assay testing, with a zone of inhibition of 23.65±0.01mm. Less activity was found against Escherichia coli, with a zone of 8.70±0.12mm. Previous studies have shown that A. indicum has antimycotic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of A. indicum stem obtained using ultrasonic-bath sonication.
Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of abutilon indicum stem ijrpppharmaindexing
The ethanol extract of Abutilon indicum stem showed potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis based on disc diffusion assay testing, with a zone of inhibition of 23.65±0.01mm. Less activity was found against Escherichia coli, with a zone of 8.70±0.12mm. Previous studies have shown that A. indicum has antimycotic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of A. indicum stem obtained using ultrasonic-bath sonication.
Analgesic and antipyretic activity of methanolic extract of Acacia leucophloe...pharmaindexing
The document studies the antipyretic (fever-reducing) activity of Scaevola taccada leaf extracts in rats. Preliminary screening found the leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, lipids, terpenoids, glycosides and saponins. Ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts were tested on yeast-induced fever in rats. Both extracts significantly reduced fever, comparable to the standard drug paracetamol. The antipyretic effects may be due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.
Anti diabetic activity of sida spinosa linn (malvaceae) ijrpppharmaindexing
The document summarizes a study that investigated the anti-diabetic effects of the whole plant of Sida spinosa Linn. in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Key findings of the study include: 1) Administration of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses of the ethanolic extract of S. spinosa showed a reduction in blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in diabetic rats; 2) Histopathological analysis showed the extract protected pancreatic tissue from alloxan damage similar to the standard drug glibenclamide. The results provide evidence that S. spinosa has anti-diabetic properties and support its traditional use for treating diabetes.
The Role of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. Leaf Powder in the Broiler Chicken...UniversitasGadjahMada
Aflatoxin (AF) is the secondary metabolite of Aspergillus flavus and commonly contaminates feed during storage.AF causes lowered growth rate, stress, and increased mortality in the poultry, especially for broiler industries.The aims of this study are to determine the effects of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. leaf powder (SAP) in the chickens fed a diet naturally contaminated with AF. A total of 108 chickens are divided into 6 group: group I fed with basal diet (AF not detectable); group II fed with basal diet (AF not detectable) + 5%SAP; group III with AF (>1 ppb <50 ppb); group IVwithAF (>1 ppb <50ppb) + 5% SAP; groupVwithAF (>51 ppb <100 ppb) + 5%SAP; group VI with AF (>101 ppb <150 ppb) + 5% SAP.The data of the body weight, feed intake and efficiency, the relative weight of liver, kidney, spleen, bursa of Fabricius (BF), histopathology, haematological profile, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer, AF residue, and immunohistochemistry are collected on days 7, 14, and 21. All the data were analysed using SPSS 16. The supplementation of 5%SAPin the chickens fed a diet naturally contaminated withAFshowed the potential effects of the bodyweight performance, haematological profile protection, increase in the cellular and humoral immune responses, reduction of AF residue in the organ, protection of liver, kidney, spleen, and BF histopathology, and increase in the immune-expression of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes ratio (P < 0.05). It shows that 5% SAP can be used as the alternative herbal supplementation to depress the impacts of aflatoxicosis in the broiler chickens.
Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Celosia Argentea in Fema...YogeshIJTSRD
Celosia argentea is a plant of family Amaranthaceae used as traditional medicine for various diseases. The aim of the study is to evaluate the acute toxicity effect of Celosia argentea leaf extract for 14 days in female albino rats. The aqueous extract of Celosia argentea showed no evidence of single dose toxicity 2000 mg kg when studying acute toxicity on biochemical, hematological or histological parameters. The results showed that .C. argentea does not cause toxicity at the doses studied. M. Sridevi | B. Senthilkumar | K. Devi "Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Celosia Argentea in Female Albino Rats" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39811.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/39811/acute-oral-toxicity-study-of-aqueous-leaf-extract-of-celosia-argentea-in-female-albino-rats/m-sridevi
Pak J Pharm Sci. 2014 May;27(3):607-16.
Review: Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera)- an emerging plant in pharmacological research.
Mallhi TH1, Qadir MI2, Ali M2, Ahmad B3, Khan YH4, Rehman A1.
Author information
1College of Pharmacy, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
3Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
4School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Penang Pulau, Malaysia.
Abstract
Date Fruits are consumed in Arab areas for a long time as a part of essential diet. Phoenix dactylifera belongs to family Arecaceae and its leaves, barks, pits, fruits and pollens have anticancer, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antiulcertavie, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antimutagenic, antidiarheal, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral potential. Besides these, Dates also increase level of estrogen, testosterone, RBCs, Hb, PCV, reticulocytes and platelet counts. It can also cure lead induced heamotoxicity, side effects of methylprednisolon, male and female infertility. It has also cerebroprotective, neuroprotective and haemopoietic activity. Phoenix dactylifera can be used for number of complications if further evaluated and isolated. The present paper is an overview of pharmacological properties of Phoenix dactylifera reported in literature.
This study investigated the anti-ulcer activity of Albizia amara, a plant used in traditional medicine, in three ulcer models. Petroleum ether and methanol extracts of A. amara were tested on ethanol, pylorus ligation, and indomethacin-induced pylorus ligation ulcer models in mice and rats. Both extracts showed a reduction in ulcer index in all three models, decreasing gastric secretion and protecting the gastric mucosa. The extracts also decreased ulcer score and increased the percentage of ulcer protection compared to the negative controls. These results provide evidence that A. amara has anti-ulcer properties and support its traditional use for treating ulcers.
The document describes a study that investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of Garcinia kola seed on reproductive parameters in male Wistar rats. The extract was administered orally at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for 3 and 6 weeks. Preliminary analysis found the extract contained various phytochemicals and was considered safe up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg. After 3 weeks, testicular weight decreased significantly in treated groups while sperm count and motility increased. After 6 weeks, epididymal weight increased significantly in the high dose group while testicular changes were not significant. The extract appeared to enhance sperm characteristics at both time points without major toxicity.
Antiplasmodial efficacy of methanolic root and leaf extracts ofAlexander Decker
This document reports on a study that evaluated the antiplasmodial efficacy of methanolic root and leaf extracts of Morinda lucida against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. The percentage suppression of parasitemia for the methanolic root extract was dose-dependent, ranging from 56.3% to 81.8% for doses of 100-400 mg/kg and chloroquine respectively. The mean survival period was also highest for the 400 mg/kg dose and chloroquine treated groups. A combination of leaf and root extracts showed slightly higher antiplasmodial activity compared to the extracts individually. The study concludes that the methanolic root and leaf extracts of M. lucida have potential for
Analgesic activity of boswellia ovalifoliolata linn leaves ijrpppharmaindexing
This document describes an in vivo study that evaluated the analgesic activity of petroleum ether extracts of Boswellia ovalifoliolata Linn. leaves in mice models. The study found that oral administration of the extracts at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg produced significant analgesic effects in both the tail immersion test and acetic acid-induced writhing test compared to the control group. The results support the traditional use of B. ovalifoliolata leaves for the treatment of painful conditions by demonstrating central and peripheral analgesic mechanisms of action.
Caripill is a formulation containing an extract of the carica papaya leaf. It contains compounds such as flavonoids, glycosides, and alkaloids that help boost platelet count by stimulating bone marrow. Clinical studies show Caripill is effective at increasing platelet counts in patients with dengue fever and other conditions associated with low platelet counts. The extract also has immunomodulatory effects by increasing cytokines. Caripill is taken three times daily for 5 days to treat thrombocytopenia from conditions like dengue, malaria, and typhoid fever. It works as a platelet booster and immunomodulator.
Anti inflammatory activity of petroleum ether extract of convolvulus eriocarp...pharmaindexing
This document describes a study evaluating the anti-inflammatory activity of the petroleum ether extract of Convolvulus eriocarpus whole plant (PCE) in rodents. Acute toxicity studies of PCE were performed according to OECD guidelines and no signs of toxicity were observed up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. Rats were treated with PCE at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg or indomethacin 10 mg/kg as a standard. Paw volume was measured at intervals over 3 hours and PCE produced a dose-dependent inhibition of paw edema similar to indomethacin
STUDY ON ANTI ULCER AND ANTI INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF Vilvathi LehiyamJing Zang
The aim of the study, to evaluate the phytochemical, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities of Vilvathi Lehiyam. Anti-ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Vilvathi Lehiyam was investigated on omeprazole induced ulcer model in albino rats. Ethanolic extract of dosage 250 and 500kg/mg produced significant inhibition of gastric lesions induced by Omeprazole induced ulcer. The extract 250 and 500kg/mg showed significant (p<0.01) reduction of pH value of gastric juice compared control. The Vilvathi Lehiyam was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity against the carrageenan induced rat paw oedema at injected sthe doses 500 kg/mg body weight and the study was compared with standard drug Dexamethasone (2mg/kg). The Vilvathi Lehiyam has significant anti-inflammatory activity, which support the traditional medicinal utilization of Vilvathi Lehiyam. Based on the above results, of Vilvathi Lehiyam may be useful as a natural drug for the treatment of ulcer and inflammation.
An approach of cucumis sativus as medicinal plantSamia Sultana
This document discusses Cucumis sativus (cucumber) as a medicinal plant. It aims to study the anti-bacterial properties of cucumber peel, which contains secondary metabolites like alkaloids, sterols, terpenes, and flavonoids. As world population and resources decline, medicinal plants will provide more prescription drugs. Cucumber peel contains tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids and has been used traditionally to treat heart, kidney, intestinal and skin issues. Future studies aim to determine its anti-diabetic effects using mice.
This study examined the antibiotic efficacy of Moringa oleifera seed and leaf extracts using crude extraction techniques. M. oleifera seeds and leaves were extracted using water, ethanol, and ethyl acetate solvents and crude or sophisticated methods. Extract-impregnated disks were tested for inhibition of 14 bacterial species. Seed extracts inhibited more bacteria (4 species) than leaf extracts (1 species). Most inhibited bacteria by seed extracts were Gram-positive. A single extract, Bacillus sphaericus, was inhibited by both seed and leaf extracts. Crude extraction techniques produced comparable inhibition zones to sophisticated techniques, suggesting potential antibiotic applications using simple methods for underserved populations.
A Review on Polyherbal Formulations and Herbal Medicine for Management of Ul...BRNSS Publication Hub
This document provides a review of polyherbal formulations and herbal medicines for treating peptic ulcers. It discusses how peptic ulcers occur due to an imbalance between aggressive and protective factors in the gastrointestinal tract. Common causes include H. pylori infection and NSAID use. While synthetic medications are available, herbal supplements are more affordable and have fewer side effects. The review examines various herbs that have traditionally been used to treat ulcers, including their active chemical constituents. It defines polyherbal formulations as combinations of two or more herbs, which can enhance therapeutic effects while reducing toxicity. The document aims to summarize recent research on herb and polyherbal formulation treatments for peptic ulcers.
Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Canthium dicoccum in parac...BRNSSPublicationHubI
The document summarizes a study that investigated the hepatoprotective effects of the methanolic extract of Canthium dicoccum in paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats. Key findings of the study include:
1) Wistar rats were treated with paracetamol to induce liver toxicity and the hepatoprotective effects of the C. dicoccum extract were evaluated.
2) The extract was found to significantly reduce paracetamol-induced increases in liver enzymes and histopathological changes, demonstrating hepatoprotective activity.
3) Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of compounds like flavonoids and phenolic compounds that may contribute to
Moringa is used for “tired blood” (anemia); arthritis and other joint pain
(rheumatism); asthma; cancer; constipation; diabetes; diarrhea; epilepsy;
stomach pain; stomach and intestinal ulcers; intestinal spasms; headache; heart
problems; high blood pressure; kidney stones; fluid retention; thyroid disorders;
and bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections.
Oil from moringa seeds is used in foods, perfume, and hair care products, and as a
machine.
Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of abutilon indicum stem ijrpppharmaindexing
The ethanol extract of Abutilon indicum stem showed potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis based on disc diffusion assay testing, with a zone of inhibition of 23.65±0.01mm. Less activity was found against Escherichia coli, with a zone of 8.70±0.12mm. Previous studies have shown that A. indicum has antimycotic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of A. indicum stem obtained using ultrasonic-bath sonication.
Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of abutilon indicum stem ijrpppharmaindexing
The ethanol extract of Abutilon indicum stem showed potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis based on disc diffusion assay testing, with a zone of inhibition of 23.65±0.01mm. Less activity was found against Escherichia coli, with a zone of 8.70±0.12mm. Previous studies have found other medicinal properties of A. indicum, including antimycotic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing effects. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of A. indicum stem using disc diffusion assays against two bacterial strains.
Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of abutilon indicum stem ijrpppharmaindexing
The ethanol extract of Abutilon indicum stem showed potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis based on disc diffusion assay testing, with a zone of inhibition of 23.65±0.01mm. Less activity was found against Escherichia coli, with a zone of 8.70±0.12mm. Previous studies have shown that A. indicum has antimycotic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of A. indicum stem obtained using ultrasonic-bath sonication.
Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of abutilon indicum stem ijrpppharmaindexing
The ethanol extract of Abutilon indicum stem showed potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis based on disc diffusion assay testing, with a zone of inhibition of 23.65±0.01mm. Less activity was found against Escherichia coli, with a zone of 8.70±0.12mm. Previous studies have shown that A. indicum has antimycotic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of A. indicum stem obtained using ultrasonic-bath sonication.
1) The study evaluated the antiulcer activity of an aqueous extract of Brassica oleraceae (cabbage) leaves in laboratory rat models of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
2) Cabbage extract showed dose-dependent protection against ethanol/HCl-induced gastric ulcers and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers compared to control groups. The highest dose of 750 mg/kg provided over 90% protection against indomethacin-induced ulcers.
3) In a cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer model, the lowest dose of 100 mg/kg cabbage extract gave 85% protection, higher than the standard drug omeprazole.
This document summarizes research on 15 medicinal plants that have anti-ulcer properties. It discusses the botanical name, common name, family, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of each plant based on literature. Some of the plants described are Aloe vera, Butea frondosa, Capsicum annuum, Carica papaya, Cissus quadrangularis, Curcuma longa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Leucas lavandulifolia, Mangifera indica, Morus alba and Ocimum sanctum. The study aims to review commonly used anti-ulcer plants and their reported activities to identify potential sources for natural anti-ulcer drugs with fewer
Antidiarrhoeal activity of toddalia asiatica l irpppharmaindexing
The document describes a study evaluating the anti-diarrheal effects of an ethanolic extract of Toddalia asiatica (EETA) in castor oil-induced diarrhea in rats. EETA at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced the frequency and consistency of diarrhea compared to the control. It also dose-dependently decreased intestinal fluid accumulation and intestinal transit. The results suggest EETA has anti-diarrheal properties and validates the traditional use of Toddalia asiatica for diarrhea. Further studies are needed to understand its mechanism of action.
Antidiarrhoeal activity of toddalia asiatica l irpppharmaindexing
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the anti-diarrheal effects of an ethanolic extract of Toddalia asiatica (EETA) in rats. The study investigated EETA in castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and small intestinal transit models. EETA at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced the frequency and consistency of diarrhea compared to the control. It also significantly inhibited castor oil-induced intestinal transit of charcoal and reduced the weight and volume of intestinal contents. The results provide evidence that EETA has anti-diarrheal properties and support its traditional use as an anti-diarrheal agent. Further studies are needed to understand its mechanism of action
Costus speciosus: Medicinally Wild Edible Stout of OdishaSanjeet Kumar
- Costus speciosus is a wild rhizomatous plant found in Odisha, India that has nutritional and medicinal value. It is used extensively in traditional medicine by rural and tribal people.
- All parts of the plant (leaves, stems, rhizomes, roots, seeds, fruits) are used to treat various diseases like fever, diabetes, mental disorders, pneumonia, rheumatism, and more. The plant contains various bioactive compounds and antioxidants.
- In addition to its medicinal properties, C. speciosus is a good source of nutrients like vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Mass cultivation of the plant through tissue culture could help conserve it while
This document provides information about the medicinal plant Satavar (Asparagus racemosus) including its uses, pharmacological properties, chemical profile, and authentication. It discusses that Satavar is used in Ayurveda to promote fertility and vitality. The document summarizes the plant's scientific classification, morphological features, microscopy, active components including saponins, uses such as increasing milk production, and potential adulterants.
A review article: antimicrobial and antidiarrheal activity of tinospora cordi...SriramNagarajan16
This review article summarizes the antimicrobial and antidiarrheal properties of Tinospora cordifolia as described in previous studies. T. cordifolia contains various phytochemicals and has been shown to have antimicrobial effects against both sensitive and resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with T. cordifolia extracts provided significant protection against castor oil and magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhea in animal studies, suggesting antisecretory and CCK release-preventing mechanisms of action. Previous research also found T. cordifolia to have anti-inflammatory properties comparable to non-steroidal medications.
The document describes a study that investigated the gastroprotective effects of an aqueous extract of Piper nigrum and Ferula foetida (AEPF) in rats. Key findings include:
1) AEPF showed significant anti-ulcer activity in various rat models of ulcers including those induced by pylorus ligation, cysteamine, and cold restraint stress.
2) In the pylorus ligation model, AEPF treatment significantly reduced gastric acid secretion and total acidity, increased gastric pH, and decreased ulcer number and index compared to controls.
3) A dose of 400 mg/kg AEPF was found to be more effective than lower doses of 200 and 100 mg/kg
Piper nigrum and Ferula foetida shows Significant Antisecretory and Anti Ulce...BRNSS Publication Hub
In the present study, the gastroprotective mechanism of aqueous extract of Piper nigrum and Ferula foetida (AEPF) was investigated. In the current study AEPF showed significant anti ulcer activity in rats. The antiulcerogenic impact of the AEPF is also associated with its antisecretory action since acid may be a major consideration of the event of ulceration. The current data also clearly demonstrated that 400 mg/kg is more effective than 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg dose of AEPF and has shown increased pH and decreased total acidity of gastric fluid. The ulcerogenic effect of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers was developed in rats that received cysteamine HCl 400 mg/kg. The exact mechanism of pathological process within the cysteamine-induced peptic ulcer model is not totally known, but hypersecretion of gastric acid, deterioration of mucosal resistance, and promotion of gastric emptying are among the possible mechanisms. In cold restraint stress-induced ulcer model, blood parameters such as glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides were estimated. The significant increase in blood sugar level was discovered because, beneath nerve-racking conditions, ductless gland secretes corticosterone in man and glucocorticoid in rats. AEPF significantly reduced the elevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels, which may be due to inhibition of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Therefore, it could act as a potent therapeutic agent against peptic ulcer disease.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Psidium Guajava against ...ijtsrd
The some plants have been good source of drugs for microbial resistance. The research for newer source of antibiotics is a global challenges in pharmaceutical companies. Present time plants are being extensively explored for harboring medicinal properties. Phytochemical are naturally occurring compounds present in the medicinal plants such as flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids and phenolic compounds. Psidium guajava is a phototherapeutic plant used in folk medicine and is believed to have active components that helps in treatment and management of various disease such as wounds, ulcers, etc. Guava extract has exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against microorganisms. This study investigates the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Psidium guajava leaf extracts. Antibacterial activity at the plant extract were determined against K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, E. coli. Psidium guajava leaf extracts provided scientific evidence for the rational use of P. juajava leaves in prevention of disorders due to Presence of some useful phytochemicals and in the treatment of disease caused by some bacterial pathogens such as S. aureus, B. cereus, K. pneumonae, E. coli. The present work demonstrates the antimicrobial potential of Psidium guajava leaves extracts by using various solvents. Pooja Soudawat | Anand Verma "Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Psidium Guajava against Some Clinical Pathogens" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29134.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/29134/phytochemical-analysis-and-antibacterial-activity-of-psidium-guajava-against-some-clinical-pathogens/pooja-soudawat
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Similar to Anti ulcer activity of syzygium alternifolium ijrpp (20)
Patient compliance: Challenges in management of cardiac diseases in Kuala Lum...pharmaindexing
Background
The objective of this study was to investigate the degree of compliance among cardiac patients who attend the health facilities in Kuala Lumpur and Perak, Malaysia. The reasons for non-compliance and recommendations from healthcare professionals were also evaluated.
Method
A cross-sectional study of 400 patients and 100 healthcare professionals was carried out. This study utilizes variables on external factors and internal factors as the measurement tools. The questionnaire which consists of Morisky self-reported medication adherence questions was administered to patients and causes for non-compliance sought. Questionnaire for healthcare professionals was used to determine strategies that can improve compliance rate.
Results
The study revealed a 15.8% of high adherence rate, 54.3% of moderate adherence rate and 30% of poor adherence to cardiovascular disease medications. The chi-square tests showed the strong association between dependent and independent variables. The model chosen for testing the patient compliance through external and internal factors gives an R2 value of 85.0% with an adjusted R2 of 84.7%. The F value (317.187) was also significant (p=0.000) which means that the variables have better fit in the multivariate model. The major reasons determined for non-adherence were attitudes and beliefs, lifestyle, side effects and cost of medications. The study recommends that pharmacists and dispensing technicians should be adequately qualified to provide proper counselling to cardiac patients on their medicines and disease conditions.
Conclusion
The result of this study is of value to health care providers. Compliance to cardiovascular medications will avoid treatment failures encountered in therapy.
Overview on Recurrence Pregnancy Loss etiology and risk factorspharmaindexing
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) can be defined as more than two to three consecutive miscarriages before 20 weeks’ gestation; it affects approximately 1% to 2% of women. RPL is a multifactorial disease. It is very important to study the etiology and risk factors of RPL to find the best diagnostic tests and suitable therapeutic intervention. This article will discuss the current understanding etiologies and risk factors of RPL.
Novel treatments for asthma: Corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory agents.pharmaindexing
Asthma management is a challenge due to the prevalence of disease in the world. Based on the immunological and inflammatory mechanisms of asthma, corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory participate greatly in the treatment plan. Due to different reasons, there is still an unmet need to develop new agents in this field. A lot of compounds with anti-inflammatory effect are investigated in both pre-clinical and clinical studies.
A review on liver disorders and screening models of hepatoprotective agentspharmaindexing
The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. It has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of bio chemicals necessary for digestion. The liver is necessary for survival; there is currently no way to compensate for the absence of liver function long term, although liver dialysis can be used short term.
Carbamazepine induced Steven Johnson syndrome: A case reportpharmaindexing
Drugs are the most common cause that induces Steven Johnson syndrome (SJS) and includes antiepileptic drugs, antiretroviral drugs, anti-tuberculosis drugs, Sulphonamides, fluoroquinolones, penicillins, non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Multivitamins. The genetic markers are also the cause for carbamazepine induced Steven Johnson Syndrome. In our study, the antiepileptic drug (Carbamazepine) is the cause for Steven Johnson Syndrome. A female patient aged 25 years came to the hospital with the complaints of bubbling over the skin and all over the body with papillary vesicles associated with pain and irritation, fever, myalgia, and nausea. The patient is known case of Phenytoin induced Steven Johnson Syndrome. In this case the patient developed the Steven Johnson Syndrome approximately after one month after starting the carbamazepine.By the withdrawal of the drug, the condition of the patient was improved.
Monoherbal formulation development for laxative activitypharmaindexing
The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia specifically approves flaxseed as a poultice for boils externally and demulcent or laxative internally. In this study monoherbal formulation development for laxative activity of flaxseed was undertaken. The plantLinumusitatissimumhasshowed higher percentage of total ash as well as alcohol soluble extractive values. The aqueous extract of Linumusitatissimumwas prepared by using pilot scale extraction plant and spray drying unit. The qualitative phytochemical studies reveal the presence of amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and proteins. From the available literatures it was found that Linumusitatissimum contains more number of amino acids. The formulated tablets showed acceptable pharmacopoeial limits and complies with specifications for thickness, hardness, friability and weight variation. The formulation has showed better laxative activity indicating additive property of the combined phytoconstituents of the plant.
Monoherbal formulation development for laxative activitypharmaindexing
The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia specifically approves flaxseed as a poultice for boils externally and demulcent or laxative internally. In this study monoherbal formulation development for laxative activity of flaxseed was undertaken. The plantLinumusitatissimumhasshowed higher percentage of total ash as well as alcohol soluble extractive values. The aqueous extract of Linumusitatissimumwas prepared by using pilot scale extraction plant and spray drying unit. The qualitative phytochemical studies reveal the presence of amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and proteins. From the available literatures it was found that Linumusitatissimum contains more number of amino acids. The formulated tablets showed acceptable pharmacopoeial limits and complies with specifications for thickness, hardness, friability and weight variation. The formulation has showed better laxative activity indicating additive property of the combined phytoconstituents of the plant.
Pneumonia and respiratory failure from swine origin influenza H1n1pharmaindexing
Swine influenza (swine flu) became alarming health concern when World Health Organization declared as “public health emergency of international concern” on April 25, 2009. After documentation of human-to-human transmission of the virus in at least three countries of two WHO regions, the WHO raised the pandemic level to 6.1 During the 1918, flu pandemic infected one-third of the world's population (an estimated 500 million people) and caused approximately 50 million deaths.2 In 1976, an outbreak of swine influenza occurred in New Jersey, USA, which involved more than 200 cases, some of them severe, resulting in one death.3 In 1988, another fatality was reported as a complication of swine influenza.
A descriptive study on newborn care among postnatal mothers in selected mater...pharmaindexing
The newborn health challenge faced by India is more formidable than that experienced by any other country in the world. The newborn health is inevitably affected by the traditional care practices of the mothers causing high infant morbidity and mortality.The aim of the study were determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of postnatal mothers regarding new born care and find out the association between knowledge, attitude and practice of postnatal mothers regarding new born care and to determine the association between these as well as with the selected demographic variables. A descriptive study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of postnatal mothers regarding new born care in selected maternity centres in Madurai. Survey approach was employed to select sample and it consisted of 100 postnatal mothers. Data was collected using structured interview schedule. Findings of the study showed that 65% of postnatal mothers had moderate knowledge; 61% had favourable attitude and 57% of them had high practice of new born care. There was a significant association between knowledge and attitude (r=+0.567), knowledge and practice (r=+0.388), attitude and practice (r=+0.321) .There was a significant association between knowledge and education, monthly family income and obstetrical score at p<0.05. Findings of the study indicated the need to conduct frequent assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of postnatal mothers regarding new born care. Awareness and attitude of the mothers towards new born care still has lots of lacunae especially in those who belong to the lower socio economic statusand poorly educated postnatal mothers. So it is imperative to provide comprehensive training in the field of new born care for mothers during pregnancy
Late 19th century was evident of intelligent biomaterial; which has changed researcher’s perspective towards science and technology. This intelligent biomaterial are envisioned to have huge impact on Healthcare from sequential signalling of biomedical molecule, mimicking natural gene, an effective drug carrier, to high resolution diagnostic tool.From drug discovery aspect many of NCE fail to reach therapeutic potential due to PK/ PD profile. Nanotechnology has changed the face of drug discovery form chemical evaluation to structure of proteins in signalling pathways and development of chemical antibody. Nanotechnology from lab to market approval is long process due to regulatory evaluation. Though it seems to be bright future market it has to go through a long process from being innovation to complete market product. This makes whole process expensive making investor reluctant to invest in big projects.Western world is aware of dramatic potential of nano-projects; which has its limitation in financial investments; with major challenge of transforming nano science to commercial pharmaceutical product.
The Flaws in health practice in post-operative management of a patient in ter...pharmaindexing
This case study summarizes the treatment of a 4-year old child with congenital urinary tract obstruction who presented with constipation, fever, and cough. Laboratory tests found low electrolyte levels, high blood acids, and kidney damage. The child's treatment included surgery, dialysis to correct electrolyte imbalances, and antibiotics for chest infection. However, the case study notes discrepancies in the post-operative treatment, including questionable antibiotic selection and prescribing of calcium channel blockers not recommended for children. The study concludes there is a need for clinical pharmacists on the healthcare team to improve rational medication use.
Corticosteroid induced disorders – An overviewpharmaindexing
Glucocorticoids are important in the treatment of many inflammatory, allergic, immunologic, and malignant disorders, and the toxicity of glucocorticoids is one of the commonest causes of iatrogenic illness associated with chronic inflammatory disease.Glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy is characterized by fast-twitch or type II muscle fiber atrophy. Corticosteroid (CS) therapy is widely used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.Osteoporosis remains one of its major complications.Steroid induced glaucoma is a form of open angle glaucoma occurring as an adverse effect of corticosteroid therapy. Glucocorticoids induce hepatic and extrahepatic insulin resistance.Glucocorticoid treatment impairs both glucose transport in fat and muscle cells. Corticosteroid-induced psychosis represents a spectrum of psychological changes that can occur at any time during treatment. Cushing’s syndrome describes the signs and symptoms associated with prolonged exposure to inappropriately high levels of the hormone cortisol. Physicians must be aware of these adverse effects and be equipped to manage them.
Anti-inflammatory activity of pupalia lappacea L. Jusspharmaindexing
Pupalia lappacea (L) Juss is an erect shrub used in folklore medicine to treat bone fractures and in inflammatory conditions. Methanolic extract of aerial parts shown is claimed in traditional medicine that the leaves of the plant are used in the treatment of inflammation. In the present study, the methanolic extract of Pupalia lappacea was screened for its anti-inflammatory activity using carageenan induced rat paw edema egg white induced paw oedema models. The methanolic extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg p.o exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced paw edema model (p<0.01). In egg white induced model, methanolic extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg inhibited paw oedema significantly (p<0.01) indicating that both test samples inhibit the increase in number of fibroblasts and synthesis of collagen and mucopolysaccharides during prostaglandin formation during the inflammation. These experimental results have established a pharmacological evidence for the folklore claim of the drug to be used as an anti inflammatory agent. HPTLC analysis of the extract shows the presence of gallic acid 1.24mg/ml, ferulic acid 2.00mg/ml, chlorogenic acid 46.25mg/ml and rutin 7.02mg/ml of the extract which were responsible for the claimed anti-inflammatory action in the animal models studied.
Lucinactant: A new solution in treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrom...pharmaindexing
This document summarizes research on Lucinactant, a novel synthetic surfactant approved by the FDA in 2012 for treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). It contains a peptide called sinapultide that mimics the function of human surfactant protein B. Studies found Lucinactant was as effective as or more effective than previous animal-derived surfactants in reducing mortality from RDS, but its pharmacokinetics are not fully understood. The document reviews clinical trials and mechanisms of Lucinactant and discusses its efficacy, safety profile, and potential cost benefits compared to other surfactants.
Bioactivity screening of Soil bacteria against human pathogenspharmaindexing
This study aimed to isolate soil bacteria with potential bioactive properties against human pathogens. 36 bacterial strains were isolated from 3 soil samples and screened against common pathogens. 14 isolates showed antibacterial activity, including against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, E. coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aureginosa and Salmonella typhi. The 3 most active bacterial isolates were selected for further production and isolation of their bioactive metabolites. Testing found the metabolites had prominent antibacterial effects against the clinical pathogens studied, indicating their potential as a source of new antimicrobials given the rise in drug resistance.
A study on sigmoid Volvulus presentation and managementpharmaindexing
A study on sigmoid volvulus presentation and management was a 2yr retrospective study done at RMMCH.The diagnosis of sigmoid volvulus was made from a history of large bowel obstruction (constipation, abdominal distension, and abdominal pain), which were often recurrent and plain abdominal radiographs.The morbidity associated isSuperficial wound infection occurred in four patients. All the infected wounds eventually healed with conservative measures. Clinical anastomotic dehiscence was noted in 1 patient for which during relaparotomy proximal colostomy and mucous fistula was done. The mortality associated is shown is there were 9 deaths of which 7 were due to sepsis and 2 were due to comorbid illness. Two out of eight patients for whom a colopexy was done had a recurrent attack of sigmoid volvulus. The duration of hospital stay ranged between 10 and 21 days. Use of sigmoidoscopic detorsion for viable colon should be encouraged. Sigmoidopexy, which is associated with a recurrence rate of 20% in our series of patients, should be used selectively.Hartmann’s procedure is a safe option in sigmoid volvulus with gangrenous bowel. Primary anastomosis in emergency situation can be carried out with morbidity and mortality in patients with viable colon
Evaluation of Preliminary phytochemical on various some medicinal plantspharmaindexing
The present study was carried out to evaluate the physical status and percentage yield of methanolic extract and its fractions of whole plant of Leucas cephalotes, leaves of Hiptage benghalensis and leaves of Kydia calycina were recorded for future references and Preliminary phytochemical screening of MLC, MHB and MKC revealed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, steroidal and phenolic compounds. MLC revealed the presence of all the above mentioned phytoconstituents except saponins and also MKC steroidal compounds. The fractions of MLC, MHB and MKC revealed the presence of glycosides, phenolic compounds, steroids and flavonoids.
Comparision of in vitro antibacterial activity of cefoperazone and levofloxac...pharmaindexing
This study compared the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefoperazone and levofloxacin against various clinical isolates. 120 bacterial isolates from patient samples were tested for susceptibility to cefoperazone and levofloxacin using disc diffusion. Results showed levofloxacin had lower resistance than cefoperazone for E. coli and P. aeruginosa, while cefoperazone was more effective against S. aureus. However, resistance to both antibiotics was gradually increasing, highlighting the need for regular surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility.
Concept of srotas from ayurvedic perspective with special reference to neurologypharmaindexing
Ayurveda is a life science. The researchers of ayurveda could rule out the presence of srotas (channels) spreading throughout the human body. These srotas (channels) are governed by vayu which is using all the srotas (channels) of the body to carry out the functional and physiological activities of the human body without which the human society will not exist. Several synonymous words have been described by the ayurvedicacharyas for srotas. Some are micro and some are macro in structures and they adopt the same colour of the particular dhatus of the body to which it belongs. The aim of the study is to justify that srotas are nothing but innurmerable channels or pathways of the nervous system governed by electric current without which no functional and physiological activities of the human body will develope.
Health promotion survey in overweight and obese students of universities in n...pharmaindexing
Introduction
Overweight and obesity is one of the major health problems in the UK and worldwide. Approximately two-thirds of the population in the UK is either overweight or obese. Overweight and obesity is an important issue that causes distress to most women. Health promotion is the best method to educate overweight and obese women. It is defined as the process enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health by Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. It is aimed to enhance the well-being of the individuals and their positive attitudes towards prevention of various diseases. In order to make any improvement to the health promotion for overweight and obesity, the risk factors and the opinions from the public should first be identified and addressed.
Methods
Cross-sectional survey design was selected with a questionnaire that consisted of 20 open and close ended questions. A sample size of 196 was determined. The data thus gathered was analyzed using SPSS V20 (Statistical Package for Social Science version 20). Descriptive statistics (fx) and (SD) were used and Chi-square X2 test for association was employed.
Results
Out of the total 196 responses, only (40%) of the students had normal weight (SD 1.1), (25%) students had a good understanding of health promotion (SD 1.6), half (50%) appeared concerned about their weight (SD 0.5), (60%) had an obese family member (0.5). The BMI of students was associated with the presence of an obese member in their family and their weight as a concern for them. (P-value <0.05).
Conclusion
The health promotion service is beneficial as it was found to have raised concerns in the mind of the students regarding over weight and obesity. However it was observed that the understanding of health promotion service was different among students and this is the root of the problem.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Anti ulcer activity of syzygium alternifolium ijrpp
1. _____________________
* Corresponding author:
Zeba Baqtiyar,
Priyadarshini College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Ghatkesar, Rangareddy, A.P, India
E-mail address: zeba_1373@yahoo.com
Available Online at: www.ijrpp.com
ANTI - ULCER ACTIVITY OF
ETHANOL AND NSAID INDUCED ULCER
*1
Zeba Baqtiyar, 2
Anusha.J, 3
Kamala.K
*1,2,3
Zeba Baqtiyar, Priyadarshini College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghatkesar,
Rangareddy, A.P, India
4
P.R.R.M. College of Pharmacy, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
Syzygium alternifolium a member of the
and management of rheumatic pains; seeds as anti
stem bark as antiseptic. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the
profile of the Ethanol Extract of Syzygium alternifolium
2000mg/kg body weight orally as per OECD guidelines No.423. ESA at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight
orally was administered to evaluate anti
models in Albino rats. Ethanol Extract of
gastric lesions, causing 68.04% protection at 500 mg/kg, and
inhibition in indomethacin induced gastric lesions, causing
at 250 mg/kg, All the results are found to be statistically significant (
Extract of the fruit of Syzygium alternifolium could
gastric areas, thereby justifying its use as an anti ulcerogenic agent.
Keywords: Syzygium alternifolium, Anti
_______________________________________________
INTRODUCTION
Peptic ulcer disease is a very common global health
problem today. Peptic ulcer is a lesion of the gastric
or duodenal mucosa. Duodenal ulcers are more
common in adult males. Gastric ulcers occur
commonly at old age and in lower socio
class of individuals. Although the exact cause of
ulceration is not known, hydrochloric acid and
pepsin are responsible for maintaining the lesion
once it is produced. Peptic ulceration occurs only in
areas, which are bathed by the acidic gastric juice.
Therefore, the term peptic ulcer refers to ulceration
of the areas which might be acted upon by acid
peptic juice namely the stomach and the first
portion of the duodenum. Peptic ulcers also occur at
the lower end of the esophagus, on the jejunal side
of a gastroenterostomy and in Meckel’s diverticulum.
Priyadarshini College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Available Online at: www.ijrpp.com Print ISSN: 2278 - 2648
Online ISSN: 2278 - 2656
(Research article)
ULCER ACTIVITY OF SYZYGIUM ALTERNIFOLIUM
NSAID INDUCED ULCER IN RATS
Kamala.K, 4
Sam Jeeva Kumar E
Zeba Baqtiyar, Priyadarshini College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghatkesar,
P.R.R.M. College of Pharmacy, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India - 516 003.
________________________________________________________________________
a member of the Myrtaceae family, is used in fruit is used for curing stomach ache, ulcers
and management of rheumatic pains; seeds as anti-diabetic agents; leaves to treat dry cough and dysentery; and
. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the acute oral toxicity
Syzygium alternifolium (ESA) extract in albino rats. No toxicity of extract up to
OECD guidelines No.423. ESA at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight
orally was administered to evaluate anti-ulcer activity by using Ethanol and indomethacin, induced gastric ulcer
models in Albino rats. Ethanol Extract of Syzygium alternifolium dose dependent inhibition in ethanol induced
protection at 500 mg/kg, and 54.74% protection at 250 mg/kg, ESA dose dependent
inhibition in indomethacin induced gastric lesions, causing 65.14% protection at 500 mg/kg and 54.13
at 250 mg/kg, All the results are found to be statistically significant (p≤0.05). Hence we suggest that
Syzygium alternifolium could decrease the acidity and to increase the mucosal defense in the
gastric areas, thereby justifying its use as an anti ulcerogenic agent.
Anti-ulcer activity, Ethanol, Indomethacin,
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Peptic ulcer disease is a very common global health
problem today. Peptic ulcer is a lesion of the gastric
or duodenal mucosa. Duodenal ulcers are more
common in adult males. Gastric ulcers occur
commonly at old age and in lower socio-economic
ividuals. Although the exact cause of
ulceration is not known, hydrochloric acid and
sin are responsible for maintaining the lesion
once it is produced. Peptic ulceration occurs only in
areas, which are bathed by the acidic gastric juice.
Therefore, the term peptic ulcer refers to ulceration
of the areas which might be acted upon by acid
eptic juice namely the stomach and the first
portion of the duodenum. Peptic ulcers also occur at
the lower end of the esophagus, on the jejunal side
of a gastroenterostomy and in Meckel’s diverticulum.
The current therapeutic approach to gastric
ulceration is to achieve inhibition of gastric
secretion, promotion of gastric protection, blockage
of apoptosis, and epithelial cell proliferation for
effective healing3. In recent years, focus on plant
research has increased worldwide, and several
studies had shown immense potential of medicinal
plants. Herbal medicines derived from plant extract,
are increasingly being recognized in treating various
clinical diseases, with relatively little knowledge of
their modes of action [1-4].
Syzygium alternifolium (Wt.) (Family:
tree or shrubs, evergreen, usually with essential oils
containing cavities in foliage, branchlets
flowers. Stipules absent or small and
Leaves opposite, occasionally alternate, occasionally
ternate or pseudo-whorled; leaf blade
International Journal of
Research in Pharmacology and
Pharmacotherapeutics
18
(Research article)
UM AGAINST
Zeba Baqtiyar, Priyadarshini College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghatkesar,
________________________________________________________________________
fruit is used for curing stomach ache, ulcers
diabetic agents; leaves to treat dry cough and dysentery; and
acute oral toxicity and anti-ulcer
(ESA) extract in albino rats. No toxicity of extract up to
OECD guidelines No.423. ESA at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight
ulcer activity by using Ethanol and indomethacin, induced gastric ulcer
dependent inhibition in ethanol induced
% protection at 250 mg/kg, ESA dose dependent
54.13% protection
Hence we suggest that Ethanol
the acidity and to increase the mucosal defense in the
_______________________
The current therapeutic approach to gastric
ation is to achieve inhibition of gastric
secretion, promotion of gastric protection, blockage
of apoptosis, and epithelial cell proliferation for
effective healing3. In recent years, focus on plant
research has increased worldwide, and several
shown immense potential of medicinal
plants. Herbal medicines derived from plant extract,
are increasingly being recognized in treating various
clinical diseases, with relatively little knowledge of
) (Family: Myrtaceae) is a
, usually with essential oils-
branchlets, and
absent or small and caducous.
Leaves opposite, occasionally alternate, occasionally
blade with secondary
International Journal of
Research in Pharmacology and
Pharmacotherapeutics
2. 19
Zeba Baqtiyar et al / Int. Jour. of Res. in Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-1 [1] 2012 [18-22]
www.ijrpp.com
veins pinnate or basal, often with intramarginal
veins near margin, margin usually entire.
Inflorescences axillary or terminal, cymose but
variously arranged, one to many flowered. Flowers
bisexual, sometimes polygamous, actinomorphic.
Hypanthium usually adnate to ovary and prolonged
above it. Calyx lobes (3 or) 4 or 5 or more, distinct or
connate into a calyptra. Petals 4 or 5, sometimes
absent, distinct or connate into a calyptra,
sometimes coherent and pseudo calyptrate. Stamens
usually numerous, in 1 to several whorls; filaments
distinct or connate into 5 bundles opposite petals;
anthers 2-celled, dorsifixed or basifixed, dehiscing
longitudinally or rarely terminally; connectives
usually terminating in 1 or more apical glands. Ovary
inferior, semi-inferior, or very rarely superior,
carpels 2 to more, locules 1 to many, pseudoseptum
sometimes present, placentation usually axile but
occasionally parietal; ovules one to be several per
locule. Style single; stigma single. Fruit a capsule,
berry, drupaceous berry, or drupe, one to be many-
seeded. Seeds without endosperm or endosperm
sparse and thin; testa cartilaginous or thinly
membranous, sometimes absent; embryo straight or
curved. About 130 genera and 4500-5000 species:
Mediterranean region, sub-Saharan Africa,
Madagascar, tropical and temperate Asia, Australia,
Pacific islands, tropical and South America; 10
genera (five introduced ) and 121 species (50
endemic, 32 introduced treated here) in China. Many
Myrtaceae are cultivated garden ornamentals, street
trees, or plantation trees. Some members of the tribe
Syzygieae is grown as fruit crops. Syzygium
alternifolium fruit is used for curing stomach ache,
ulcers and management of rheumatic pains; seeds as
anti-diabetic agents; leaves to treat dry cough and
dysentery; and stem bark as antiseptic [5]. From the
source of literature documentation and relevant
traditional approaches on plant drugs, the present
investigation was carried out to investigate the anti-
ulcer profile of the Ethanol Extract of Syzygium
alternifolium fruit (ESA) is being reported here.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plant material
The fruit of Syzygium alternifolium was collected
from Tirumala hills, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. India.
It was identified and authenticated by Prof. Madhava
Chetty, K., Taxonomist, S.V. University, Tirupati,
Andhra Pradesh, India. A voucher specimen has
been kept in our laboratory for future reference.
Preparation of plant extract
The collected fruit was dried at room temperature,
pulverized by a mechanical grinder, sieved through
40mesh. About 100g of powdered materials were
extracted with Ethanol (90%) using soxhlet
apparatus. The extraction was carried out until the
extractive becomes colourless. The extract is then
concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. The
solvent free semisolid mass thus obtained is
dissolved in tween 80 and used in the experiment.
The percentage yield of prepared extracts was
around 10.5%w/w.
Animals Used
Albino rats (180–200 g) of either sex were
maintained in a 12 h light/dark cycle at a constant
temperature 25 ◦C with free access to feed (Sai durga
feeds and foods, Bangalore) and water. All animals
were fasted prior to all assays and were allocated to
different experimental groups each of six rats.
Moreover, the animals were kept in specially
constructed cages to prevent coprophagia during the
experiment. All experiments were carried out
according to the guidelines for care and use of
experimental animals and approved by Committee
for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of
Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA). Ethical committee
clearance was obtained from IAEC (Institutional
Animal Ethics Committee) of CPCSEA.
Acute toxicity study
The acute toxicity of Ethanol extracts of Syzygium
alternifolium fruit was determined as per the OECD
guideline no. 423 (Acute Toxic Class Method). It was
observed that the test extract was not lethal to the
rats even at 2000mg/kg 2000mg/kg doses. Hence,
1/10th
(250mg/kg) and 1/5th
(500mg/kg) of this dose
was selected for further study [6].
ANTI-ULCER ACTIVITY
Ethanol induced gastric ulcer
Animals were randomly divided into four groups
each of 6 rats. Group I treated with 4% v/v aqueous
tween 80 (10 ml/kg p.o), Group II & III treated with
Ethanol extract of Syzygium alternifolium (250and
500mg/kg p.o) respectively for 14 days and Group IV
treated with Omeprazole (20 mg/kg p.o) were
administered 30min prior to induction of gastric
ulcer. On the 14th
day, Gastric ulcers were induced
with ethanol at a dose of 8ml/kg [7] administered to
all groups by orally. The animals were anaesthetized
6 h with ether, and stomachs were incised along the
greater curvature and the ulcer index for each rat
was taken as the mean ulcer score.
Indomethacin induced gastric ulcer
Animals were divided into four groups each of six
rats. Group I treated with 4% v/v aqueous tween 80
(10 ml/kg p.o). Group II & III treated with Ethanol
extract of Syzygium alternifolium (250and
500mg/kg p.o) respectively for 14 days and Group IV
treated with Omeprazole (20 mg/kg p.o) were
administered 30min prior to induction of gastric
ulcer. On the 14th
day, gastric ulcers were induced
with indomethacin (40 mg/kg p.o) administered to
all groups after fasting for 24 h. The animals were
3. 20
Zeba Baqtiyar et al / Int. Jour. of Res. in Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-1 [1] 2012 [18-22]
www.ijrpp.com
sacrificed 4 h after treatment with the ulcerogenic
agent [8] to assess the anti-ulcer activity and ulcer
index were examined on the dissected stomachs as
described below.
Measurement of ulcer index
The stomachs were excised and were examined for
hemorrhagic lesions in the glandular mucosa.
Immediately, after the animals were sacrificed, their
stomachs were dissected out, cut along the greater
curvature, and the mucosa was rinsed with cold
normal saline to remove the blood contaminants, if
any. The sum of the length (mm) of all lesions for
each stomach was used as the ulcer index (UI), and
the percentage of inhibition (%I) was calculated as
described by Nguelefack et al. (2005) [9] using the
following formula:
(USc − USt)
% I = ---------------------------× 100
USc
Where USc = ulcer surface area in control and
USt = ulcer surface area in treated animals.
Statistical analysis
The data were expressed as mean ± standard error
mean (S.E.M). The Significance of differences between
the group was assessed using one way and multiple
way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The test followed
by Dunnett’s test p values less than 0.05 were
considered as significance.
RESULTS
Acute toxicity study
Acute toxicity study in which the animals treated
with the Ethanol Extract of Syzygium alternifolium
at a higher dose of 2000 mg/kg did not manifest any
significant abnormal signs, behavioral changes, body
weight changes, or macroscopic findings at any time
of observation. There was no mortality in the above-
mentioned dose at the end of the 14 days of
observation.
Effect of Ethanol Extract of Syzygium
alternifolium on gastric ulcer induced by
Ethanol
The Ethanol Extract of Syzygium alternifolium
showed the significant anti-ulcer effect against
ulcers induced by Ethanol in a dose-dependent
manner. In ethanol induced ulcer model, Ethanol
Extract of Syzygium alternifolium at a dose of 250
and 500 mg/kg body weight showed the protective
effect of 54.74 and 68.04%, respectively, where as
Omeprazole showed the protection index of 80.60%
at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (Table -1).
Effect of Ethanol Extract of Syzygium
alternifolium on gastric ulcer induced by
Indomethacin
The Ethanol Extract of Syzygium alternifolium
showed the significant anti-ulcer effect against
ulcers induced by Indomethacin in a dose-dependent
manner. In Indomethacin induced ulcer model,
Ethanol Extract of Syzygium alternifolium at a dose
of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight showed the
protective effect of 54.13 and 65.14%, respectively,
where as Omeprazole showed the protection index
of 77.02% at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (Table -
2).
DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION
The results from this study show that the Ethanol
extracts from the fruit of Syzygium alternifolium
exert protective effects against ethanol,
indomethacin, pylorus ligation and cold restraint
stress-induced gastric mucosal damage. The anti-
ulcer effect of Syzygium alternifolium was tested
against gastric lesions induced by ethanol, the
experimental model related to lesion pathogenesis
with production of reactive oxygen species. Reactive
oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of
ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in vivo [10-
12]. Syzygium alternifolium prevented the mucosal
lesions induced by ethanol. Results in the present
study also indicate similar alterations in the anti-
oxidant status after ethanol induced ulcers. The
gastric mucosal protection against ethanol can be
mediated through a number of mechanisms that
include enhancement of the gastric mucosal defense
through the increase in mucus and/or bicarbonate
production, reducing the volume of gastric acid
secretion or by simply neutralizing the gastric
acidity [13].
ESA may either reduce the gastric acid secretion or
enhance the barrier defense of the mucosal wall. ESA
dose dependent inhibition in ethanol induced gastric
lesions (Table -1). Histopathological studies suggest
that the ethanol damage to the gastrointestinal
mucosa starts with microvascular injury, namely
disruption of the vascular endothelium resulting in
increased vascular permeability, edema formation
and epithelial lifting [14].
Their anti-ulcerogenic potency was tested against
indomethacin-induced ulcer. Indomethacin is a
cyclooxygenase inhibitor which suppresses
gastroduodenal bicarbonate secretion, reduces
endogeneous prostaglandin biosynthesis and
disrupts the mucosal barrier as well as mucosal
blood flow in animals [15]. It is also well known that
prostaglandins synthetized in large quantities by the
gastrointestinal mucosa can prevent experimentally
induced ulcers by ulcerogens. Thus, when the ulcers
lesions are induced by indomethacin, the
cytoprotective effect of the anti-ulcer agent can be
mediated through endogeneous prostaglandins [16].
The results obtained show that the mean ulcer index
was significantly reduced in the Ethanol extracts
4. 21
Zeba Baqtiyar et al / Int. Jour. of Res. in Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-1 [1] 2012 [18-22]
www.ijrpp.com
from the fruitof Syzygium alternifolium treated
groups, compared to their respective controls.
Syzygium alternifolium extracts may stimulate the
secretion of prostaglandins or possess
prostaglandins like-substances (Table -2).
The Ethanol extracts of Syzygium alternifolium at a
dose of 500mg/kg showed similar activity to that of
omeprazole (a proton pump inhibitor, which is used
to heal stomach and duodenal ulcers). The gastro
protective effect of omeprazole is mediated through
the block of acid secretion by inactivation of H+/K+-
ATPase [17,18]. This study reveals that the aqueous
and methanol extracts from the fruit of Syzygium
alternifolium are potent inhibitors of gastric mucosal
lesions caused by ethanol, indomethacin, pylorus
ligation and cold-restraint stress in rats.
Further, our results fortify the ethano
pharmacological importance of ESA as an anti-ulcer
agent. Etiology of ulcers produced in different ulcer
models is diverse. Since ESA has been found
effective in various models depicting its anti-
ulcerogenic activity. ESA and its active constituents
may emerge as the more effective therapeutic agent
to counter gastric ulcer incidence. However, more
experimentation, detailed phytochemical and
experimental analysis are required for a definitive
conclusion.
Table 1: Effect of Ethanol Extract of Syzygium alternifolium (ESA) in ethanol (8 ml/kg) induced
gastric ulcer in rats
Group Design of Treatment Ulcer Index Percentage Inhibition (% I)
I
Control
(4% v/v aqueous tween 80, 10 ml/kg b.w ) p.o
20.46 1.14 ---
II ESA (250mg/kg b.w) p.o
9.26 0.18* 54.74
III ESA (500mg/kg b.w) p.o
6.54 0.17** 68.04
IV Omeprazole (20mg/kg b.w) p.o
3.97 0.59** 80.60
Data are represented as mean ± S.E.M. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's
multiple comparison test. *
P < 0.01 and **
P < 0.001 as compared to control (n = 6 in each group).
ESA = Ethanol Extract of Syzygium alternifolium
b.w= Body weight.
Table-2: Effect of Ethanol Extract of Syzygium alternifolium (ESA) in indomethacin (40 mg/kg)
induced gastric ulcer in rats.
Group Design of Treatment Ulcer Index Percentage Inhibition (% I)
I
Control
(4% v/v aqueous tween 80, 10 ml/kg b.w ) p.o
18.14 0.42 ---
II ESA (250mg/kg b.w) p.o
8.32 ± 0.22* 54.13
III ESA (500mg/kg b.w) p.o
6.33 0.32** 65.14
IV Omeprazole (20mg/kg b.w) p.o
4.17 0.21** 77.02
Data are represented as mean ± S.E.M. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's
multiple comparison test. *
P < 0.01 and **
P < 0.001 as compared to control (n = 6 in each group). ESA = Ethanol
Extract of Syzygium alternifolium. B.W=Body weight.
5. 22
Zeba Baqtiyar et al / Int. Jour. of Res. in Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-1 [1] 2012 [18-22]
www.ijrpp.com
REFERENCES
1) Nash J, Lambert L, Deakin M. Histamine H2-
receptor antagonists in peptic ulcer disease.
Evidence for a prophylactic use. Drugs, 47,
1994, 862–871.
2) Hoogerwerf WA, Pasricha PJ. Agents used
for control of gastric acidity and treatment
of peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal
reflux disease. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE,
Goodman Gilaman A. (Eds.), The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,
tenth ed. Mc Graw-Hill, New York, 2001, pp.
1005–1019.
3) Valle DL. Peptic ulcer diseases and related
disorders. In: Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper
DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL. (Eds.),
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine,
vol. 16. McGraw-Hill, New York, 2005, pp.
1746–1762.
4) Manonmani S, Viswanathan VP,
Subramanian S, Govindasamy S.
Biochemical studies on the antiulcerogenic
activity of cauvery 100, an ayurvedic
formulation in experimental ulcers. Indian
Journal of Pharmacology, 27, 1995, 101–
105.
5) Madhava Chetty K. Syzygium alternifolium.
Chittoor medicinal plants, Himalaya Book
Publications, Tirupati, 2005, pp 590.
6) OECD, 2002. Acute oral toxicity. Acute oral
toxic class method guideline 423 adopted
23.03.1996. In: Eleventh Addendum to the,
OECD, guidelines for the testing of
chemicals organisation for economical co-
operation and development, Paris, June,
2000.
7) Mizui T, Sato H, Hirose F, Doteuchi M. Effect
of antiperoxidative drugs on gastric
damage induced by ethanol in rats. Life
Sciences, 41, 1987, 755–763.
8) Rainsford KD, Whitehouse MW. Biochemical
gastroprotection from acute ulceration
induced by aspirin and related drugs.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 29, 1980, 1281–
1289.
9) Nguelefack TB, Watcho P, Wansi SL, Nguelta
MM, Ngamga D, Tane P, Kamanyi A. The
antiulcer effect of the methanol extract of
the leaves of Aspilia africana (Asteraceae)
in rats. African Journal of Traditional
Complementary and Alternative Medicines,
2, 2005, 233–237.
10) Shay H, Komarov SA, Fels SS, Meranze D,
Gruenstein M, Siplet H. A simple method
for the uniform production of gastric
ulceration in the rat. Gastroenterology, 5,
1945, 43–61.
11) Gupta MB, Nath R, Gupta GP, Bhargava KP.
A study of the antiulcer activity of diazepan
and other tranquillose datives in albino
rats. Clinical and Experimental
Pharmacology, 12, 1985, 61–63.
12) Plummer DI. An Introduction to Practical
Biochemistry, ed 2, Tata Magraw-Hill
Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi. 1985, pp
136, 143.
13) Antonio JM, Geacioso JS, Toma W, Lopez
LC, Oliveira F, Souza Brito ARM.
Antiulcerogenic activity of ethanol extract
of Solanum variabile (false “jurubeta”).
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 93, 2004,
83–88.
14) Szabo S, Trier JS, Brown A, Schnoor J. Early
vascular injury and increased vascular
permeability in gastric mucosal injury
caused by ethanol in the rat.
Gastroenterology, 88, 1985, 228–236.
15) Flemstrom G, Garner A, Nylander O, Hurstt
BC, Heyling JR. Surface epithelial HCO3
transport by mammalian duodenum in vivo.
American Journal of Physiology, 243, 1982,
G 48–G 358.
16) Yamamoto K, Kakegawa H, Ueda H,
Matsumoto H, Sudo Y, Miki T, Satoh T.
Gastric cytoprotective anti-ulcerogenic
actions of hydroxychalcones in rats. Planta
Medica, 58, 1998, 389–393.
17) Jhansi Rani M, Mohana lakshmi S, Saravana
Kumar A. Review on herbal drugs for anti-
ulcer property. International Journal of
Biological & Pharmaceutical Research, 1(1),
2010, 20-26.
18) Fellenius E, Berglindh T, Sachs G, Olbe L,
Elander B, Sjostrand SE, Wallmark B.
Substituted benzimidazoles inhibit gastric
acid secretion by blocking (H+/K+) ATPase.
Nature, 290, 1981, 159–161