The document discusses the anti-lock braking system (ABS). It begins with objectives of introducing ABS, illustrating how it works, and describing its components and advantages. It then explains the functions of ABS in preventing wheel skidding during braking for better vehicle stability and control. Key components are described, including wheel speed sensors that detect if a wheel is locking and a hydraulic unit that controls brake fluid pressure to each wheel. The document concludes with the advantages of ABS in maintaining stability during heavy braking and shorter stopping distances, and the disadvantages of higher cost and more required maintenance.

2. Objectives:
 Introduction to Anti-lock brake system.
 Illustration of ABS.
 ABS Layout.
 ABS Components.
 Steps Involved In ABS Working.
 Advantages And Disadvantages of ABS.

3. Anti-lock Brake System:
Function
 ABS is used as an antiskid device in a
vehicle. It used to prevent skidding of
wheels while braking when we want to
stop the vehicle or suddenly reduce its
speed at any time.
 It provides better stability and control
over vehicle while braking at high speed.
 It avoids locking up of wheel during
braking.

4. Illustration of ABS:
With ABS:
Without ABS:

5. Illustration 2 of ABS:
 With ABS(Blue Path) and
Without ABS(Green and Red path)

6. ABS – How It Works
 Principle: ABS avoids locking up of
wheel by automatically changing the
brake fluid pressure repeatedly.
 This is done with the help of ABS
hydraulic unit and sensor at each wheel.
 When ABS is activated, you may
experience a slight vibration or pulsation
of the brake pedal. This means that
ABS is working.

7. ABS Layouts and Components.

8. ABS Components:
1. Wheel Speed
Sensor:
 The anti-lock
braking system
needs some way
of knowing when
a wheel is about
to lock up this
work is done by
speed sensors.

9. 2. Hydraulic Unit:
 It is a central unit
which controls the
flow of hydraulic
fluid to each
valves located
near to the wheels.
 This unit is to
regulate the
pressure for each
wheel
independently.

10. Steps involved in ABS:
 ABS controller detects the
wheel speed by the
signals from wheel speed
sensors.
 After receiving signal it
then sends the control
command to hydraulic
unit.
 After receiving the control
command, the hydraulic
unit operates solenoid
valves to alter the brake
fluid pressure to each
wheel.

11. Advantages Of ABS:
 It provides greater vehicle stability.
 Maintain directional stability in
steering during heavy/sudden
braking.
 Easy Fault/Failure detection by the
vehicle owner.
 ABS helps in shorting the stopping
distance.

12. Disadvantages of ABS:
 Very Costly
 Maintenance of a Car equipped with
ABS is required more.