Answer:
Features of Lemniscal pathway: This is pathway mainly involved in the sensory ascending
pathways to process sensation & perception through a 3 neuron system finally enable “sensory
information” to the central nervous system through sensory receptor to the cortex. This pathway
is mainly involved in mediating discriminative touch sensation through adequate proprioception
& vibration.
This pathway has two white matter tracts profoundly possess a first neuron mainly through
fasciculus gracilis in the medial column from lower limb (T6 and lower) & sensory information
is obtained through fasciculus cuneatus: of lateral column in upper limb (T5)
Features of spinothalamic pathway: This is the sensory pathway mainly involved in processing
sensory information of “poorly localized touch, pressure & temperature”. This pathway is going
to involve cross of sensory information to the spinal cord prior to ascending via the anterior or
spinothalamic & lateral spinothalamic tracts.
Interaction of these two pathways: The interaction of these two pathways are mainly through
axons & spinaothalamic tracts arising into an ascending pathway to transport to the sensory
information processing center in the brain. Mainly spinothalamic neurons are going to use first
order neurons, second order neurons, third order neurons to enter spinal cord and synapse
through posterior gray horns & these neurons are going to carry sensory information of pain,
sensation etc in ventral nucleus group of the thalamus. This information is going to reach through
from the Lemniscal pathway finally relayed onto the primary sensory cortex.
Solution
Answer:
Features of Lemniscal pathway: This is pathway mainly involved in the sensory ascending
pathways to process sensation & perception through a 3 neuron system finally enable “sensory
information” to the central nervous system through sensory receptor to the cortex. This pathway
is mainly involved in mediating discriminative touch sensation through adequate proprioception
& vibration.
This pathway has two white matter tracts profoundly possess a first neuron mainly through
fasciculus gracilis in the medial column from lower limb (T6 and lower) & sensory information
is obtained through fasciculus cuneatus: of lateral column in upper limb (T5)
Features of spinothalamic pathway: This is the sensory pathway mainly involved in processing
sensory information of “poorly localized touch, pressure & temperature”. This pathway is going
to involve cross of sensory information to the spinal cord prior to ascending via the anterior or
spinothalamic & lateral spinothalamic tracts.
Interaction of these two pathways: The interaction of these two pathways are mainly through
axons & spinaothalamic tracts arising into an ascending pathway to transport to the sensory
information processing center in the brain. Mainly spinothalamic neurons are going to use first
order neurons, second order neurons, third order neurons to enter spinal cord and synapse
throu.
Since somathesthetic sensation from each side of the body projects t.pdfRBMADU
Since somathesthetic sensation from each side of the body projects to the contralateral
postcentral gyrus _______ must have occurred at some point along the pathway.
Solution
Answer: Since somathesthetic sensation from each side of the body projects to the contralateral
postcentral gyrus _ decussation_ must have occurred at some point along the pathway.
Reason:
Somatosensory system- decussation:
Proprioceptors (receptors of self -sensation & decussation) are present in the joints and skeletal
(striated) muscles. These receptors sense the relative position of other body parts and balance the
posture. Somathesthetic sensation from each side of the body projects to the contralateral
postcentral gyrus to parietal lobe, so that initially decussations must have occurred at some point
along the pathway representing a muscular activity. The overall body posture and movement is
balanced by the integration of information received from the vestibular system and
proprioceptors by the brain.
For example, the central information in playing piano is due to severe and increased stimulation
of accompanying motor areas such as premotor cortex with proper planning with proprioception
for decussation. But the activation of cerebellum is a bit less compared to the propriocetion.
Spinocerebellar tracts are more widely projected via dorsal column and to the cerebellum and
finally the information is considerably utilized for rhythmic movements.
This is pathway mainly involved in the sensory ascending pathways to process sensation &
perception through a 3 neuron system finally enable “sensory information” to the central nervous
system through sensory receptor to the cortex. This pathway is mainly involved in mediating
discriminative touch sensation through adequate proprioception & vibration.
This pathway has two white matter tracts profoundly possess a first neuron mainly through
fasciculus gracilis in the medial column from lower limb (T6 and lower) & sensory information
is obtained through fasciculus cuneatus: of lateral column in upper limb (T5)
Features of spinothalamic pathway: This is the sensory pathway mainly involved in processing
sensory information of “poorly localized touch, pressure & temperature”. This pathway is going
to involve cross of sensory information to the spinal cord prior to ascending via the anterior or
spinothalamic & lateral spinothalamic tracts.
Interaction of these two pathways: The interaction of these two pathways are mainly through
axons & spinaothalamic tracts arising into an ascending pathway to transport to the sensory
information processing center in the brain. Mainly spinothalamic neurons are going to use first
order neurons, second order neurons, third order neurons to enter spinal cord and synapse
through posterior gray horns & these neurons are going to carry sensory information of pain,
sensation etc in ventral nucleus group of the thalamus. This information is going to reach through
from the Lemniscal pathway finally relaye.
Since somathesthetic sensation from each side of the body projects t.pdfRBMADU
Since somathesthetic sensation from each side of the body projects to the contralateral
postcentral gyrus _______ must have occurred at some point along the pathway.
Solution
Answer: Since somathesthetic sensation from each side of the body projects to the contralateral
postcentral gyrus _ decussation_ must have occurred at some point along the pathway.
Reason:
Somatosensory system- decussation:
Proprioceptors (receptors of self -sensation & decussation) are present in the joints and skeletal
(striated) muscles. These receptors sense the relative position of other body parts and balance the
posture. Somathesthetic sensation from each side of the body projects to the contralateral
postcentral gyrus to parietal lobe, so that initially decussations must have occurred at some point
along the pathway representing a muscular activity. The overall body posture and movement is
balanced by the integration of information received from the vestibular system and
proprioceptors by the brain.
For example, the central information in playing piano is due to severe and increased stimulation
of accompanying motor areas such as premotor cortex with proper planning with proprioception
for decussation. But the activation of cerebellum is a bit less compared to the propriocetion.
Spinocerebellar tracts are more widely projected via dorsal column and to the cerebellum and
finally the information is considerably utilized for rhythmic movements.
This is pathway mainly involved in the sensory ascending pathways to process sensation &
perception through a 3 neuron system finally enable “sensory information” to the central nervous
system through sensory receptor to the cortex. This pathway is mainly involved in mediating
discriminative touch sensation through adequate proprioception & vibration.
This pathway has two white matter tracts profoundly possess a first neuron mainly through
fasciculus gracilis in the medial column from lower limb (T6 and lower) & sensory information
is obtained through fasciculus cuneatus: of lateral column in upper limb (T5)
Features of spinothalamic pathway: This is the sensory pathway mainly involved in processing
sensory information of “poorly localized touch, pressure & temperature”. This pathway is going
to involve cross of sensory information to the spinal cord prior to ascending via the anterior or
spinothalamic & lateral spinothalamic tracts.
Interaction of these two pathways: The interaction of these two pathways are mainly through
axons & spinaothalamic tracts arising into an ascending pathway to transport to the sensory
information processing center in the brain. Mainly spinothalamic neurons are going to use first
order neurons, second order neurons, third order neurons to enter spinal cord and synapse
through posterior gray horns & these neurons are going to carry sensory information of pain,
sensation etc in ventral nucleus group of the thalamus. This information is going to reach through
from the Lemniscal pathway finally relaye.
Functions and ascending tract of spinal cordFatima Mangrio
As the name suggests, the ascending tracts of the spinal cord ascend from the spinal cord and connect it to the brain. These tracts are named based on their origin and termination. They are found running along the dorsal, lateral, and ventral columns of the white matter.
spinal cord, ascending tracts of the the spinal cord, spinocortical tracts, gray matter of spinal cord, white mater of spinal cord, organization of neuron, first order second order and third order neuron, anterolateral spinal tract anteroposterior spinal tract, spinolivary tract, visceral sensory tract, dorsal column tract, spino cerebellar tract , spinorectal pathway, spino olivary pathway, cerebellar peduncles,
Fill out the blanks 1- Spinothalamic tract- Sensory neurons (also call.pdfJulianaahMacLeodu
Fill out the blanks
1. Spinothalamic tract: Sensory neurons (also called aflecent order neurons) carry information
from cutaneous receptors and enter the cord at the horn. Here the sensory neurons synapse with
the order neurons and then cross over to the other side of the cord. The neurons now ascend up
the cord through the midbrain brainstem. The second order neurons synapse with the order
neurons in . The sensory information is then relayed to the the The lateral spinothalamic tract
conveys sensory info regarding thmperatuve The anterior spinothalamic tract conveys sensory
info regarding and Posterior funiculus - medial lemniscal tract (dorsal column pathway): Sensory
neurons (also called order neurons) carry information from cutaneous receptors and enter the
cord at the horn. Here the sensory neurons synapse ascend up the cord and synapse with the
order neurons in These neurons cross over and form the tract. This tract ascends up through the
and the of the brainstem and synapses with the order neurons in the to the cortex located in the
gyrus of the The medial leminscal tract is composed of sec sen d order neurons..
Functions and ascending tract of spinal cordFatima Mangrio
As the name suggests, the ascending tracts of the spinal cord ascend from the spinal cord and connect it to the brain. These tracts are named based on their origin and termination. They are found running along the dorsal, lateral, and ventral columns of the white matter.
spinal cord, ascending tracts of the the spinal cord, spinocortical tracts, gray matter of spinal cord, white mater of spinal cord, organization of neuron, first order second order and third order neuron, anterolateral spinal tract anteroposterior spinal tract, spinolivary tract, visceral sensory tract, dorsal column tract, spino cerebellar tract , spinorectal pathway, spino olivary pathway, cerebellar peduncles,
Fill out the blanks 1- Spinothalamic tract- Sensory neurons (also call.pdfJulianaahMacLeodu
Fill out the blanks
1. Spinothalamic tract: Sensory neurons (also called aflecent order neurons) carry information
from cutaneous receptors and enter the cord at the horn. Here the sensory neurons synapse with
the order neurons and then cross over to the other side of the cord. The neurons now ascend up
the cord through the midbrain brainstem. The second order neurons synapse with the order
neurons in . The sensory information is then relayed to the the The lateral spinothalamic tract
conveys sensory info regarding thmperatuve The anterior spinothalamic tract conveys sensory
info regarding and Posterior funiculus - medial lemniscal tract (dorsal column pathway): Sensory
neurons (also called order neurons) carry information from cutaneous receptors and enter the
cord at the horn. Here the sensory neurons synapse ascend up the cord and synapse with the
order neurons in These neurons cross over and form the tract. This tract ascends up through the
and the of the brainstem and synapses with the order neurons in the to the cortex located in the
gyrus of the The medial leminscal tract is composed of sec sen d order neurons..
Let us assume the conc of Ba(OH)2 is known to us .pdfmukhtaransarcloth
Let us assume the conc of Ba(OH)2 is known to us and initially we have known
amount of Ba(OH)2 in the flask which is completely dissociated in form of Ba2+ and OH- ions.
Now H2SO4 is added. H2SO4 dissociates to form H+ and SO42- ions. H+ and OH- ions form
water while Ba2+ and SO42- form insoluble BaSO4 when enough H2SO4 is added to consume
the Ba(OH)2 completely the conductance of the analyte which is being monitored continuosly
shows a sharp decrease and is at its lowest point. at this point H2SO4 addition is stopped and
titration ends. Now you know the molarity of Ba(OH)2 ...(M1) volume of Ba(OH)2 taken
initially ...(V1) and volume of H2SO4 consumed ...(V2) use M1V1 = M2V2 only unknown M2
which is molarity of H2SO4 can be calculated !!
Solution
Let us assume the conc of Ba(OH)2 is known to us and initially we have known
amount of Ba(OH)2 in the flask which is completely dissociated in form of Ba2+ and OH- ions.
Now H2SO4 is added. H2SO4 dissociates to form H+ and SO42- ions. H+ and OH- ions form
water while Ba2+ and SO42- form insoluble BaSO4 when enough H2SO4 is added to consume
the Ba(OH)2 completely the conductance of the analyte which is being monitored continuosly
shows a sharp decrease and is at its lowest point. at this point H2SO4 addition is stopped and
titration ends. Now you know the molarity of Ba(OH)2 ...(M1) volume of Ba(OH)2 taken
initially ...(V1) and volume of H2SO4 consumed ...(V2) use M1V1 = M2V2 only unknown M2
which is molarity of H2SO4 can be calculated !!.
Methods a, b, c, and e are formal additions of H2.pdfmukhtaransarcloth
Methods a, b, c, and e are formal additions of H2O or OH to the double bond, so no
carbonyl compound. Method d splits molecule by the double bond and usually produces two
carbonyl compounds (one in a few cases). So it\'s d)
Solution
Methods a, b, c, and e are formal additions of H2O or OH to the double bond, so no
carbonyl compound. Method d splits molecule by the double bond and usually produces two
carbonyl compounds (one in a few cases). So it\'s d).
h2s4 structure is H-S-S-S-S-H there for two middl.pdfmukhtaransarcloth
h2s4 structure is H-S-S-S-S-H there for two middle two s atoms are in 0 oxidation
state and and sidd s atoms have -1 oxidation state
Solution
h2s4 structure is H-S-S-S-S-H there for two middle two s atoms are in 0 oxidation
state and and sidd s atoms have -1 oxidation state.
We are currently living in the so-called information age which can b.pdfmukhtaransarcloth
We are currently living in the so-called information age which can be described as an era were
economic activities are mainly information based (an age of informationalization). This is due to
the development and use of technology. The main characteristics of this era can be summarized
as a rise in the number of knowledge workers, a world that has become more open - in the sense
of communication (global village/Gutenberg galaxy) and internationalization (trans-border flow
of data).
This paradigm shift brings new ethical and juridical problems which are mainly related to issues
such as the right of access to information, the right of privacy which is threatened by the
emphasis on the free flow of information, and the protection of the economic interest of the
owners of intellectual property.
In this paper the ethical questions related to the right to privacy of the individual which is
threatened by the use of technology will be discussed. Specific attention will be given to the
challenges these ethical problems pose to the information professional. A number of practical
guidelines, based on ethical norms will be laid down.
Definition of Privacy
Privacy can be defined as an individual condition of life characterized by exclusion from
publicity (Neetling et al., 1996, p. 36). The concept follows from the right to be left alone (Stair,
1992, p. 635; Shank, 1986, p. 12)1 . Shank (1986, p. 13) states that such a perception of privacy
set the course for passing of privacy laws in the United States for the ninety years that followed.
As such privacy could be regarded as a natural right which provides the foundation for the legal
right. The right to privacy is therefore protected under private law.
The legal right to privacy is constitutionally protected in most democratic societies. This
constitutional right is expressed in a variety of legislative forms. Examples include the Privacy
Act (1974) in the USA, the proposed Open Democracy Act in South Africa (1996) and the Data
Protection Act in England. During 1994 Australia also accepted a Privacy Charter containing 18
privacy principles which describe the right of a citizen concerning personal privacy as effected
by handling of information by the state (Collier, 1994, p. 44-45). The Organization for Economic
and Coordination and Development (OECD) also accepted in 1980 the Guidelines for the
Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flow of Personal Data (Collier, 1994, p. 41).
Privacy is an important right because it is a necessary condition for other rights such as freedom
and personal autonomy. There is thus a relationship between privacy, freedom and human
dignity. Respecting a person\'s privacy is to acknowledge such a person\'s right to freedom and to
recognize that individual as an autonomous human being.
Private communications. This category of privacy concerns all forms of personal communication
which a person wishes to keep private. The information exchanged during a reference interview
between t.
Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a mutation (abnormal change) in the g.pdfmukhtaransarcloth
Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a mutation (abnormal change) in the gene that codes for Hex-A,
and it is a recessive trait. This means that people will have the disease if they have two copies of
the defective gene, but they will not have the disease if they have at least one unaffected copy.
People with one normal copy and one defective copy are called carriers, because they can pass
the disease on to their children.
Seizures are sudden altacks of disease, often referring to some type of violent spasms.
Just about anyone can be a carrier of the gene for Tay-Sachs disease. In the general population,
about 1 in 250 people carries the gene.
People inherit Tay-Sachs disease when they inherit a defective gene from both parents, resulting
in two defective genes that make the body unable to produce Hex-A correctly. People who have
only one defective gene are called carriers. Carriers do not have the disease, because they have
inherited one healthy gene to code for Hex-A, but they may pass the defective gene on to their
children. If both parents are carriers, each child born to them has a 1 in 4 liklihood of having the
disease.
However, some populations of people include more carriers than others. For example, 1 in 27
people of eastern European Jewish (Ashkenazi) descent in the United States is a carrier. People
of French-Canadian ancestry from one part of Quebec and the Cajunpopulation in Louisiana also
have a higher than usual risk of carrying the Tay-Sachs gene.
Solution
Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a mutation (abnormal change) in the gene that codes for Hex-A,
and it is a recessive trait. This means that people will have the disease if they have two copies of
the defective gene, but they will not have the disease if they have at least one unaffected copy.
People with one normal copy and one defective copy are called carriers, because they can pass
the disease on to their children.
Seizures are sudden altacks of disease, often referring to some type of violent spasms.
Just about anyone can be a carrier of the gene for Tay-Sachs disease. In the general population,
about 1 in 250 people carries the gene.
People inherit Tay-Sachs disease when they inherit a defective gene from both parents, resulting
in two defective genes that make the body unable to produce Hex-A correctly. People who have
only one defective gene are called carriers. Carriers do not have the disease, because they have
inherited one healthy gene to code for Hex-A, but they may pass the defective gene on to their
children. If both parents are carriers, each child born to them has a 1 in 4 liklihood of having the
disease.
However, some populations of people include more carriers than others. For example, 1 in 27
people of eastern European Jewish (Ashkenazi) descent in the United States is a carrier. People
of French-Canadian ancestry from one part of Quebec and the Cajunpopulation in Louisiana also
have a higher than usual risk of carrying the Tay-Sachs gene..
E.) is less acidic in other A ,B triple bond an.pdfmukhtaransarcloth
E.) is less acidic in other A ,B triple bond and double bond are responsible for
acidity In C,D steric hinderance from -CH3 is responsible for more acidicity than rest thus E is
the answer
Solution
E.) is less acidic in other A ,B triple bond and double bond are responsible for
acidity In C,D steric hinderance from -CH3 is responsible for more acidicity than rest thus E is
the answer.
Solution when user sending the email, then user should select eithe.pdfmukhtaransarcloth
Solution
: when user sending the email, then user should select either POP3 or IMAP protocol to send the
mails. Some of the differences are giving below.
POP3 e-mail protocol:
IMAP e-mail protocol:
SMTP (simple mail transfer protocol):
SMTP is not normally used as intermediate mail servers for sending mail. Because SMTP cannot
transmit the executable files or any binary objects.
Similarly it cannot transmit the text data that contains the national language characters. It will
have certain size limit to have an e-mail. So if the mail size is over the limit then it will be
rejected..
publicclass Date {privatestatic String DATE_SEPARATOR = ;pr.pdfmukhtaransarcloth
publicclass Date {
privatestatic String DATE_SEPARATOR = \"/\";
privatestaticintDAYS_PER_WEEK = 7;
//Attributes
privateint day;
privateint month;
privateint year;
/**
* Default Constructor
* Instantiates an object of type Date to 1/1/2000
*/
public Date() {
this.day = 1;
this.month = 1;
this.year = 2000;
}
/**
* Constructs a new date object to represent the given date.
* @param day
* @param month
* @param year
*/
public Date(int day, int month, int year) {
if(isValid(day, month, year)) {
this.day = day;
this.month = month;
this.year = year;
} else
System.out.println(\"Invalid Date.\");
}
/**
* Returns the day value of this date for example, for the date 2006/07/22, returns 22.
* @return
*/
publicint getDay() {
return day;
}
/**
* Returns the month value of this date ,for example, for the date 2006/07/22, returns 7.
* @return
*/
publicint getMonth() {
return month;
}
/**
* Returns the year value of this date, for example , the date 2006/07/22, returns 2006.
* @return
*/
publicint getYear() {
return year;
}
/**
* @param day the day to set
*/
publicvoid setDay(int day) {
this.day = day;
}
/**
* @param month the month to set
*/
publicvoid setMonth(int month) {
this.month = month;
}
/**
* @param year the year to set
*/
publicvoid setYear(int year) {
this.year = year;
}
/**
* Returns true if the year of this date is a leap year.
* A leap year occurs every 4 years , except for multiples of 100 that are not multiples of 400.
* For example, 1956,1844,1600,and 2000 are leap years, but 1983,2002,1700,and 1900 are not.
* @return
*/
publicboolean isLeapYear(){
if(((this.year % 400) == 0) || (((this.year % 4) == 0) && ((this.year % 100) != 0)))
returntrue;
else
returnfalse;
}
/**
* Checks if the date is valid
* @param day
* @param month
* @param year
* @return
*/
publicboolean isValid(int day, int month, int year) {
if((month < 1) || (12 < month))
returnfalse;
else {
if(((month == 1) || (month == 3) || (month == 5) || (month == 7) ||
(month == 8) || (month == 10) || (month == 12)) && ((day < 1) || (31 < day)))
returnfalse;
elseif(((month == 4) || (month == 6) || (month == 9) || (month == 11)) && ((day < 1) || (30 <
day)))
returnfalse;
elseif(month == 2) {
if(isLeapYear() && ((day < 1) || (29 < day)))
returnfalse;
elseif((day < 1) || (28 < day))
returnfalse;
}
}
returntrue;
}
/**
* Returns the maximum number of days in a month
* @return
*/
publicint maxMonthDays() {
if(this.month == 2) {
if(isLeapYear())
return 29;
else
return 28;
} elseif((this.month == 1) || (this.month == 3) || (this.month == 5) || (this.month == 7) ||
(this.month == 8) || (this.month == 10) || (this.month == 12))
return 31;
else
return 30;
}
/**
* Checks if this dat is same as other date
* @param other
* @return
*/
publicboolean isEqual(Date other) {
if((this.day == other.day) && (this.month == other.month) && (this.year == other.year))
returntrue;
else
returnfalse;
}
/**
* Moves this Date object forward in time by the given number of days .
* @param days
*/
publicvoid addDays(int days).
please give me points as nobody ecen noticed the qusetion as it is u.pdfmukhtaransarcloth
please give me points as nobody ecen noticed the qusetion as it is ununderstandable
Solution
please give me points as nobody ecen noticed the qusetion as it is ununderstandable.
Part-IQuestion 1. What is Dr. Warren’s hypothesis regarding the ba.pdfmukhtaransarcloth
Part-I
Question 1. What is Dr. Warren’s hypothesis regarding the bacteria he found in the stomach?
Give at least three alternative hypotheses that could explain these findings.
Answer: Dr. Warren\'s hypothesis was that there was a definite correlation between active,
chronic gastritis and the presence of the bacteria found in stomachs.
hypothesis 1. Dr. Warren noticed a thin blue line on the surface of the tissue.
hypothesis 2: Warren found numerous spiral shaped bacteria when stained with a Warthin-Starry
silver stain of the histological section.
hypothesis 3: Dr. Warren also observed that the number of bacteria observed seemed to correlate
with the degree of inflammation of the stomach lining—the more severe the inflammation, the
more abundant the bacteria.
Question 2.What should Dr. Warren do next?
Answer: Dr. Warren started Warthin-Starry silver stain for all the gastric biopsies he examined.
Part-II:
Question: At this stage of the story, what type(s) of data do Warren and Marshall have on the
spiral bacteria found in stomachs? Is it quantitative or qualitative? Is it experimental of
observational?
Answer: Dr. Warren and Marshall had the quantitative data based on the observations made by
various researchers, such as Italian pathologist Giulio Bizzozero, Polish clinical researcher, Dr.
W. Jaworski. The results that obtained from the previous reports are purely observational, not
experimental.
Part-III:
Question: At this stage of the study, what type(s) of data do Warren and Marshall have on the
spiral bacteria found in stomachs? Is it quantitative or qualitative? Is it experimental of
observational?
Answer: Now, at this stage, Warren and Marshall had electron microscopy data of the bacteria
that was colonized in the lab culture media, and therefore, the data was now experimentally
proven qualitative data.
Question: What other information would you like to have about this bacterium now that it can be
successfully cultured in the lab?
Answer: The bacteria that was isolated from the biopsy of patient\'s stomach for lab culture, was
a slow grower, and it took 5-6 days for colonization instead of 2 days which has taken by many
identified bacteria.
Part IV:
Question: At this stage of the study, what type(s) of data do Warren and Marshall have on the
spiral bacteria found in stomachs? Is it quantitative or qualitative? Is it experimental of
observational?
Answer: The data was generated by pilot studies from 100 patients and the data was
experimental and also statistically analyzed, therefore it was qualitative as well as quantitative
data.
CANNOT SEE FIGURE 3. UNABLE TO ANSWER FURTHER.
Solution
Part-I
Question 1. What is Dr. Warren’s hypothesis regarding the bacteria he found in the stomach?
Give at least three alternative hypotheses that could explain these findings.
Answer: Dr. Warren\'s hypothesis was that there was a definite correlation between active,
chronic gastritis and the presence of the bacteria found in stomachs.
hypothesis 1. Dr. W.
Combustion of glucose is respiration. The equatio.pdfmukhtaransarcloth
Combustion of glucose is respiration. The equation for the combustion of glucose
is: C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) --> 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(g) Essentially, sugar (C6H12O6) is burned, or
oxidized, down to CO2 and H2O, releasing energy (ATP) in the process. Why do cells need
ATP? ALL cellular work -all the activities of life - requires energy, either from ATP or from
related molecules. A lot of oxygen is required for this process! The sugar AND the oxygen are
delivered to your cells via your bloodstream. This process occurs partially in the cytoplasm, and
partially in the mitochondria. The mitochondria is another organelle in eukaryotic cells. like the
chloroplast, the mitochondria has two lipid bilayers around it, and its own genome (indicating
that it may be the result of endosymbiosis long ago). In some ways similar to the chloroplast, the
mitochondria also has two main sites for the reactions: The matrix, a liquidy part of the
mitochondrion, and the christae, the folded membranes in the mitochondrion. 1: Glycolysis
(\"splitting of sugar\"): This step happens in the cytoplasm. One Glucose (C6H12O6) is broken
down to 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. Results in the production of 2 ATPs for every glucose.
(page 113 of your book goes into painful detail about this process, but all YOU need to know is
that glucose is split into to 2 molecules of pyruvate!) 2: Transition Reaction: Pyruvic Acid is
shuttled into the mitochondria, where it is converyed to a molecule called Acetyl CoA for further
breakdown. 3: The Krebs Cycle, or Citric Acid Cycle: Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, the
liquid-y part of the mitochondria. In the presence of Oxygen gas (O2), all the hydrogens (H2)
are stripped off the Acetyl CoA, two by two, to extract the electrons for making ATP, until there
are no hydrogens left - and all that is left of the sugar is CO2 - a waste product - and H2O
(exhale). The Krebs cycle results in the production of only ~4 ATPs, but produces a lot of
NADH, which will go on to the next step... Hans Krebs won the Nobel Prize in 1953 for his
discovery of the Citric Acid Cycle. 4: The Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis (\"the
big ATP payoff\"). Occurs in the christae of the mirochondria, the folded membranes inside the
chloroplast. Electrons from Hydrogen are carried by NADH and passed down an electron
transport chain to result in the production of ATP. Results in the production of ~32 ATPs for
every glucose. Peter Mitchell won the Nobel Prize in 1978 for his work on energy production in
mitochondria, called the Chemiosmotic Theory.
Solution
Combustion of glucose is respiration. The equation for the combustion of glucose
is: C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) --> 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(g) Essentially, sugar (C6H12O6) is burned, or
oxidized, down to CO2 and H2O, releasing energy (ATP) in the process. Why do cells need
ATP? ALL cellular work -all the activities of life - requires energy, either from ATP or from
related molecules. A lot of oxygen is required for this process! The sugar A.
in truss one...the forces in the member BC and DE have zero.in tru.pdfmukhtaransarcloth
in truss one...the forces in the member BC and DE have zero.
in truss two ... the forces in the members EF and GH have zero..
in truss three ... the forces in the members CD and EF have zero..
Solution
in truss one...the forces in the member BC and DE have zero.
in truss two ... the forces in the members EF and GH have zero..
in truss three ... the forces in the members CD and EF have zero...
iam giving you entire process of forensc duplication;the response.pdfmukhtaransarcloth
iam giving you entire process of forensc duplication;
the response strategy for forensc duplication is
Decision of when to perform a forensic duplication based is based, in part, on existing response
strategy for the instant situation
For example, many organizations have a policy of creating forensic HD duplicates of all PCs
used by executives that leave the organization.
Forensic Duplicates as Admissible Evidence;
Existing legal standards define minimum criteria for an item to be admitted into evidence
Collection process usually under scrutiny as well
Federal Rules of Evidence ;
Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) 1002 state that the item or information presented in court must
be the original.
Exceptions: Definitions and Duplicates
If data are stored by computer or similar device, any printout or other output readable by sight,
shown to reflect the data accurately, is an original. Admissibility of Duplicates
A duplicate is admissible to the same extent as an original unless: • A genuine question is raised
as to the authenticity of the original, or • In the circumstances it would be unfair to admit the
duplicate in lieu of the original
first of all what is forensics duplication
A file that contains every bit of information from the source in a raw bitstream format.
Tools that create forensic duplicates:
1. dd
2. FTK Imager, Access Data
3. Dfcldd, US DOD Computer Forensics Lab version of the dd comand
Qualified Forensic Duplicate?
A file that contains every bit of information from the source, but may be stored in a altered form.
Tools that create qualified forensic duplicate output files:
1. SafeBack
2. EnCase
3. FTK Imager
Restored Image;
A restored image is what you get when you restore a forensic duplicate or a qualified forensic
duplicate to another storage medium.
Mismatched drive geometries can cause problems.
HD Development;
When hard drives grew beyond 512MB, the PC-BIOS needed to be updated (to recognize larger
drives). …software emulated a modern BIOS. Software pushed all of the real data on the drive
down one sector and stored its program and information in sector 2.
The real partition table would be at cylinder 0, head 0, sector2. Safeback, EnCase, FTK Imager,
and dd will create a restored image from the qualified forensic duplicate. EnCase and dd images
may not need to be restored. Treat images as virtual disks, eliminating the need for restoration.
Note, FTK Imager can create images in the EnCase Format
Mirror Image ;
Created from hardware that does at bit for bit copy from one hard drive to another.
Requires two identical hard drives
Doesn’t happen very often.
Tool Requirements: Forensic Duplication ;
Tool must: Create a forensic duplicate or mirror image of the original.
Handle read errors in a robust and graceful manner.
Not make any changes to source medium.
Capable of scientific and peer review.
Results must be third party repeatable and verifiable.
Legal Issues
Tools used for forensic duplication must pass the legal tests for r.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
AnswerFeatures of Lemniscal pathway This is pathway mainly invol.pdf
1. Answer:
Features of Lemniscal pathway: This is pathway mainly involved in the sensory ascending
pathways to process sensation & perception through a 3 neuron system finally enable “sensory
information” to the central nervous system through sensory receptor to the cortex. This pathway
is mainly involved in mediating discriminative touch sensation through adequate proprioception
& vibration.
This pathway has two white matter tracts profoundly possess a first neuron mainly through
fasciculus gracilis in the medial column from lower limb (T6 and lower) & sensory information
is obtained through fasciculus cuneatus: of lateral column in upper limb (T5)
Features of spinothalamic pathway: This is the sensory pathway mainly involved in processing
sensory information of “poorly localized touch, pressure & temperature”. This pathway is going
to involve cross of sensory information to the spinal cord prior to ascending via the anterior or
spinothalamic & lateral spinothalamic tracts.
Interaction of these two pathways: The interaction of these two pathways are mainly through
axons & spinaothalamic tracts arising into an ascending pathway to transport to the sensory
information processing center in the brain. Mainly spinothalamic neurons are going to use first
order neurons, second order neurons, third order neurons to enter spinal cord and synapse
through posterior gray horns & these neurons are going to carry sensory information of pain,
sensation etc in ventral nucleus group of the thalamus. This information is going to reach through
from the Lemniscal pathway finally relayed onto the primary sensory cortex.
Solution
Answer:
Features of Lemniscal pathway: This is pathway mainly involved in the sensory ascending
pathways to process sensation & perception through a 3 neuron system finally enable “sensory
information” to the central nervous system through sensory receptor to the cortex. This pathway
is mainly involved in mediating discriminative touch sensation through adequate proprioception
& vibration.
This pathway has two white matter tracts profoundly possess a first neuron mainly through
fasciculus gracilis in the medial column from lower limb (T6 and lower) & sensory information
is obtained through fasciculus cuneatus: of lateral column in upper limb (T5)
Features of spinothalamic pathway: This is the sensory pathway mainly involved in processing
sensory information of “poorly localized touch, pressure & temperature”. This pathway is going
to involve cross of sensory information to the spinal cord prior to ascending via the anterior or
2. spinothalamic & lateral spinothalamic tracts.
Interaction of these two pathways: The interaction of these two pathways are mainly through
axons & spinaothalamic tracts arising into an ascending pathway to transport to the sensory
information processing center in the brain. Mainly spinothalamic neurons are going to use first
order neurons, second order neurons, third order neurons to enter spinal cord and synapse
through posterior gray horns & these neurons are going to carry sensory information of pain,
sensation etc in ventral nucleus group of the thalamus. This information is going to reach through
from the Lemniscal pathway finally relayed onto the primary sensory cortex.
