The document provides an overview of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It discusses that the ANS is not under conscious control and regulates functions like blood pressure, heart rate, and gland secretion. It describes the two divisions of the ANS as the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Key differences between the two divisions are described such as neurotransmitters, locations of ganglia, and effects on target organs. Examples of neurotransmitters, receptor types, and locations are outlined. Common drugs that target the adrenergic and cholinergic systems are also summarized along with their indications and actions.

1. A PRESENTATION ON
AUTONOMIC
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
SHREEYA SHARMA

2. Today's Session
TOPICS ON DISCUSSION
INTRODUCTION
SUB DIVISIONS
DIFFERENCE FROM SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
ORIGIN
NEUROTRANSMITTER
RESPONSE/ACTION
FUNCTIONS

3. What is
ANS?
AUTO= SELF, NOMIC= GOVERNING
• not under conscious control
• peripheral nervous system innervating
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
• although subject to reflex and cerebral
control
• Regulates blood pressure, heart rate,
intestinal motility, diameter's of pupils, etc
• Has 2 neurons: preganglionic neuron and
post ganglionic neuron

4. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM
SOMATIC
Skeletal muscle
AUTONOMIC
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Exocrine gland
SYMPATHETIC PARA SYMPATHETIC

7. PARA SYMPATHETIC
• Long preganglionic
• Short post ganglionic axon
• Pre ganglionic by C3, C7, C9 and C10, Sacral
nerves
• preganglionic axon pass to parasympathetic
ganglia near to target organ, by synapse with
short postganglionic nerve
• Extensive intrinsic gastrointestinal NS
• Innervation to organs in the thoracic and
lumbar parts via vagus nerve
SYMPATHETIC
• Short pre ganglionic axon
• long post ganglionic axon
• Preganglionic: leave spinal cord of ventral
root of T1 through L3/L4
• Thus called thoracolumbar system
• Ventral root
•
• Ramus
• Sympathetic trunk ( paravertebral
sympathetic ganglion chain)
Post ganglionic axons

8. PARA SYMPATHETIC
• Cholinergic
• Discrete effects on particular effects
• Digestion
• absorption
• Increasing gastric secretion
• increased intestinal motility
• anabolic/ restorative NS
• Rest and digest NS
• Decreases HR
• Pupillary constriction
• Iris constrict
• Bronchoconstriction
• Sphincter relax
• Muscle wall relax
SYMPATHETIC
• Adrenergic
• Fight or flight
• Increase in HR
• Increase in BP
• Dilatation of pupil
• Blood glucose level high
• high free fatty acid
• increased state of arousal
• Emergency
• prolonged circulation of epinephrine and
norepinephrine
• Iris dilate
• Bronchodilation
• Sphincter constrict
ACTION

10. Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Origin T1 to L2 or L3 C3,7,9,10,S2,S3,S4
Distribution Wide Head neck trunk
Ganglia Far Close/on to organ
Post ganglionic Long Short
Pre: Post ganglionic
fibre ratio
1:20 or 1:100 1:1 or 1:2
Transmitter NA, Ach (piloerector,
sweat gland)
Ach
Stability of
transmitter
stable Destroyed rapidly
locally

12. Receptors ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS
• Alpha 1 : Smooth muscle (arteriole),
sphincter muscle (GI, bladder), post
synaptic
• Alpha 2: Presynaptic nerve, GI tract
• Beta 1: Heart
• Beta 2: Bronchiole, bladder muscle, smooth
muscle
• Dopa 1 like: D1, D5
• Dopa 2 like: D2, D3, D4

13. Receptor Site Effect
Alpha 1 (increase in
intracellular Ca)
Blood vessel, salivary gland,
GIT, male sex organ,pupil, liver,
preg uterus, pancreas
Vasoconstrict, salivation, GIT
relax, sphincter contract,
mydriasis, glycogenolysis,
uterus contract, pancreatic
secretion decrease
Alpha 2 (decrease cAMP) Pre synaptic terminal, blood
vessel, platelet
Neurotransmitter inhibit,
platelet aggregate
Beta 1 (increase cAMP) Heart, brain, fat,
Juxtaglomerular cells
HR increase. Lipolysis, renin
increase
Beta 2 (increase cAMP) Bronchial, blood vessel, ciliary
muscle, pancreas B cells,
parotid, mast cell, non preg
uterus
Bronchodilate, vasodilate,
relaxation of ciliary, B cell
secretion increase, histamine
inhibit, uterine relax
Beta 3 Adipose, brain Lipolysis
D1 like Brain, smooth muscle Dilate blood vessel
D2 like Brain, presynaptic Transmitter release regulate

14. Receptors CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS
• Muscarinic: all organs with parasympathetic
nerves (m1, m2, m3)
M1 M2 M3
Location Neural
CNS, Enteric ganglia,
autonomic ganglia,
parietal cells
Cardiac
Atria, conducting
tissue, presynaptic
nerve terminal
Glandular
Exocrine, salivary,
lacrimal, smooth
muscle, endothelium
Function CNS excitation, HCL
secretion, GIT motility
Decrease HR, decrease
force of contraction,
neural inhibition
Exocrine secretion,
smooth muscle
contraction,
vasodilatation
Agonist Ach, carbachol Ach, carbachol Ach, carbachol
Antagonist Atropine, pirenzipine,
dicyclomine
Atropine, gallamine Atropine,
Hexahydrosiladifenol

15. M1 (neural)
IP3 and DAG formation
Membrane
depolarization
Excitatory (gastric
secretion)
M2 (cardiac)
Inhibit adenyl cyclase
Decrease cAMP, activate
K channels
Inhibitory (cardiac rate,
rhythm decrease)
M3 (glandular)
IP3 and Ca increase
Excitatory (exocrine
secretion increase)

16. Receptors CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS
• Nicotinic receptors (NMJ, ganglia)
• Types:
• N1 or Nn : autonomic ganglia, adrenal
medulla, CNS
• N2 or Nm: NMJ

17. Adrenergic
drugs
Sympathomimetic
• Directly acting on receptor (adrenaline,
noradrenaline, isoprenaline)
• Indirectly acting: amphetamine, metarminol,
tyramine
• Mixed: ephedrine (acts directly in B2 on
bronchial SM)

18. Adrenergic
drugs
Indication
• Heart block
• Hypertension
• Asthma
• Prolongation of LA by vasoconstraction
(adrenaline)
• Epistaxis
• Nasal decongestant (oxymethazoline)

19. Adrenergic
blocking
drugs
A)Alpha andrenoreceptor
(alpha1, alpha 2 or non selective)
B) beta adrenoreceptor
C) adrenergic neuron blocker
• Action:
• Negative ionotropic effect (decrease force
of contraction)
• Negative chronotropic effect (decrease
heart rate)
• Bronchospasm
• Insomnia, restlessness, reduce peripheral
blood, decrease lipolysis and
glycogenolysis

20. Cholinergic
drugs
Cholinomimetics : helps in
secretion
• Treatment of glaucoma
• Bladder atrophy (neurogenic bladder)
• Supraventricular tachycardia
• Cerebrovascular disease
• Post bowel surgery ( prevent paralytic ileus)

21. Cholinergic
blocking
drugs
Antimuscarinic drugs
• Natural alkaloids (atropine, hyoscine)
• Synthetic derivative (homatropine,
ipratropium bromide, tiotropium bromide)
• Synthetic compound (mydriatics,
cycloplegic)

22. Cholinergic
blocking
drugs
Application
• Cholinergic poisoning
• CNS disorder
• Opthalmic disorder
• Asthma, COPD
• CV disorder, bladder spasms

23. Cholinergic
blocking
drugs
Action
• Decrease salivation, lacrimation, relaxation
of Smooth muscle, initial bradycardia

24. THANK YOU