ANOVA tests determine if there are differences in group means but do not specify which pairs differ. Post hoc tests identify the pairs of means that are significantly different. Tukey's HSD test and Fisher's LSD test can be used when variances are equal between groups. The Games Howell test is recommended when variances are not equal.

1. ANOVA Post hoc tests
Nouran Hamza, B Pharm, MSc
Freelance biostatistician

2. • When you run Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA), the results will tell you if there is
a difference in means. However, it won’t
pinpoint the pairs of means that are
different.

3. If your data met the assumption of homogeneity of variances, use Tukey's
honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test., Fisher least
significance difference, …………………

4. If your data did not meet the homogeneity of variances
assumption, you should consider running the most commonly
used Games Howell post hoc test