This document discusses several dental anomalies including amelogenesis imperfecta, molar incisal hypomineralisation, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentinal dysplasia, taurodontism, and dens invaginatus vs evaginatus. It provides details on the characteristics, clinical features, classifications, diagnostic criteria, management challenges, and treatment approaches for each condition. The document is intended as an introduction and overview for dental professionals on managing these developmental anomalies.
This document summarizes several developmental alterations of teeth structures. It begins by describing Amelogenesis Imperfecta, which is a group of hereditary conditions that affect the quality and quantity of dental enamel. It classifies AI based on the stage of development affected and lists associated clinical features. It then discusses Dentinogenesis Imperfecta, Dentin Dysplasia, Regional Odontodysplasia, and Dentin Hypocalcification - each of which involve hereditary defects in dentin formation. For each condition, it provides details on classification, clinical presentation, radiographic findings, diagnosis, and management.
Developmental disturbances of tooth structureHagir Taha
This document discusses dental enamel and dentin development and defects. It provides details on:
- The normal development of enamel and causes of enamel defects including environmental factors and hereditary conditions like amelogenesis imperfecta.
- Different types of dentin defects caused by conditions like dentin dysplasia and dentinogenesis imperfecta which are inherited and involve genes responsible for dentin formation.
- Characteristics and classifications of various enamel and dentin defects like enamel hypoplasia, fluorosis, regional odontodysplasia and ghost teeth. Radiographic and microscopic features are also described.
Class on regresive altrations of teeth (RAOT)DrRam Thiramdas
The document discusses various regressive alterations of teeth (RAOT) that result from wear and tear over time rather than developmental abnormalities or infection. It describes several types of RAOT including attrition from tooth contact during chewing, abrasion from external abrasives, erosion from acid exposure, and abfraction from biomechanical forces. It provides details on the etiology, clinical features, and appearance of each type of RAOT. Treatment involves identifying and addressing the underlying causes as well as restorative measures to protect the tooth structure.
True generalized microdontia involves all teeth being smaller than normal and is seen in cases of pituitary dwarfism. Macrodontia refers to teeth being larger than normal. Geminated teeth arise from an attempt at division of a single tooth germ. Taurodontism is the enlargement of the tooth body and pulp chamber with displacement of the pulpal floor. Amelogenesis imperfecta represents hereditary defects of enamel formation. Dentinogenesis imperfecta affects dentin formation resulting in teeth that are gray to yellowish-brown.
Dental anomalies and its prosthetic implications.pptxKanmaniAthi
This document discusses various dental anomalies including differences in tooth size, number, morphology, and location. It describes developmental anomalies such as microdontia, macrodontia, hypodontia, anodontia, and hyperdontia. Characteristics and treatments for conditions like ectodermal dysplasia, amelogenesis imperfecta, and dentinogenesis imperfecta are provided. The conclusion emphasizes that dental anomalies can cause clinical problems and their treatment requires knowledge of classification criteria to properly diagnose and manage each condition.
Non-carious cervical lesions are caused by erosion from dietary or gastric acids, abrasion from toothbrushing or other habits, and abfraction from biomechanical forces. They present as broad shallow lesions on the facial or lingual surfaces for erosion, notched lesions on the facial surface for abrasion, and wedge-shaped lesions often subgingivally for abfraction. Treatment involves dentin desensitization, restorations with composites or glass ionomers, endodontics if pulpal involvement, periodontal therapy for gingival recession, and prevention through dietary counseling, fluoride application, and correcting habits.
This document summarizes several developmental alterations of teeth structures. It begins by describing Amelogenesis Imperfecta, which is a group of hereditary conditions that affect the quality and quantity of dental enamel. It classifies AI based on the stage of development affected and lists associated clinical features. It then discusses Dentinogenesis Imperfecta, Dentin Dysplasia, Regional Odontodysplasia, and Dentin Hypocalcification - each of which involve hereditary defects in dentin formation. For each condition, it provides details on classification, clinical presentation, radiographic findings, diagnosis, and management.
Developmental disturbances of tooth structureHagir Taha
This document discusses dental enamel and dentin development and defects. It provides details on:
- The normal development of enamel and causes of enamel defects including environmental factors and hereditary conditions like amelogenesis imperfecta.
- Different types of dentin defects caused by conditions like dentin dysplasia and dentinogenesis imperfecta which are inherited and involve genes responsible for dentin formation.
- Characteristics and classifications of various enamel and dentin defects like enamel hypoplasia, fluorosis, regional odontodysplasia and ghost teeth. Radiographic and microscopic features are also described.
Class on regresive altrations of teeth (RAOT)DrRam Thiramdas
The document discusses various regressive alterations of teeth (RAOT) that result from wear and tear over time rather than developmental abnormalities or infection. It describes several types of RAOT including attrition from tooth contact during chewing, abrasion from external abrasives, erosion from acid exposure, and abfraction from biomechanical forces. It provides details on the etiology, clinical features, and appearance of each type of RAOT. Treatment involves identifying and addressing the underlying causes as well as restorative measures to protect the tooth structure.
True generalized microdontia involves all teeth being smaller than normal and is seen in cases of pituitary dwarfism. Macrodontia refers to teeth being larger than normal. Geminated teeth arise from an attempt at division of a single tooth germ. Taurodontism is the enlargement of the tooth body and pulp chamber with displacement of the pulpal floor. Amelogenesis imperfecta represents hereditary defects of enamel formation. Dentinogenesis imperfecta affects dentin formation resulting in teeth that are gray to yellowish-brown.
Dental anomalies and its prosthetic implications.pptxKanmaniAthi
This document discusses various dental anomalies including differences in tooth size, number, morphology, and location. It describes developmental anomalies such as microdontia, macrodontia, hypodontia, anodontia, and hyperdontia. Characteristics and treatments for conditions like ectodermal dysplasia, amelogenesis imperfecta, and dentinogenesis imperfecta are provided. The conclusion emphasizes that dental anomalies can cause clinical problems and their treatment requires knowledge of classification criteria to properly diagnose and manage each condition.
Non-carious cervical lesions are caused by erosion from dietary or gastric acids, abrasion from toothbrushing or other habits, and abfraction from biomechanical forces. They present as broad shallow lesions on the facial or lingual surfaces for erosion, notched lesions on the facial surface for abrasion, and wedge-shaped lesions often subgingivally for abfraction. Treatment involves dentin desensitization, restorations with composites or glass ionomers, endodontics if pulpal involvement, periodontal therapy for gingival recession, and prevention through dietary counseling, fluoride application, and correcting habits.
This document provides an overview of dentinogenesis imperfecta. It begins with an introduction to dentin formation and classification systems for dentinogenesis imperfecta. It then describes the etiology as a genetic disorder involving mutations in the DSPP gene. Clinical features include opalescent teeth that become gray/brown with age and obliterated pulp chambers. Radiographic features include bulbous crowns and thin roots. Histopathology shows abnormal dentin formation. Treatment aims to prevent attrition and involves restorations like crowns. The document provides details on different subtypes and clinical management.
This document discusses various physiologic and pathologic processes that can affect teeth, including attrition, abrasion, erosion, abfraction, pulp calcification, tooth resorption, hypercementosis, and cementicles. It defines each term and describes the clinical and radiographic presentation of each condition. It also discusses the etiology, histopathology, and characteristics of different types of resorption and cementum abnormalities like hypercementosis and cementicles.
This document discusses the radiographic interpretation of various dental anomalies and implants. It provides examples of different dental anomalies like supernumerary teeth, macrodontia, microdontia, fusion, gemination, concrescence, hypercementosis, taurodontism, and dilaceration among others. It also discusses radiographic interpretations related to systemic conditions, presurgical implant imaging, post-implant imaging, and the classification of peri-implant radiolucencies. The goal of radiographic interpretation is to identify disease, understand its nature and extent, and assist in differential diagnosis.
This document provides an overview of enamel hypoplasia, including its definition, classification, etiology, clinical features, radiographic features, and management. Enamel hypoplasia is defined as an incomplete or defective formation of the enamel matrix of teeth. It can be hereditary or environmental in origin. Common causes include nutritional deficiencies, infections like syphilis, and dental fluorosis from excess fluoride intake. Clinical features range from mild pitting to severe absence of enamel. Treatment depends on severity and location, and may include desensitizing agents, composite restoration, crowns, or extractions for severely malformed teeth.
This document summarizes structural anomalies of teeth, focusing on enamel hypoplasia. It describes the causes of enamel hypoplasia including nutritional deficiencies, infections, trauma, and fluoride ingestion. The key types of enamel hypoplasia are discussed - hypoplastic, hypocalcified, and hypomaturation. Clinical features and classifications of amelogenesis imperfecta are provided for each type. Histopathological features and treatments are also briefly mentioned.
Anomalies of tooth formation and eruption, MISSING TEETH, EXTRA TEETH, ABNORMALITY OF TOOTH SIZE, Crown size, Root size, Abnormality of crown form, ABNORMALITY OF ROOT FORM, All tissues, Cementum defects, Dentine defects, enamel defects, DISTURBANCES OF ERUPTION & EXFOLIATION,
Anomalies of the Developing Dentition(week 12)-1.pdfshamshojerat
This document summarizes various dental anomalies associated with defects in tooth development. It describes anomalies in number (such as hyperdontia and hypodontia), size (microdontia and macrodontia), shape (dens evaginatus, dens in dente, taurodontism, and dilaceration), structure (defects in enamel, dentin, and cementum), and color. Specific conditions are defined and their etiologies and characteristics are discussed, including hereditary patterns and effects on tooth morphology and radiographic appearance. Developmental stages impacted are also noted for many anomalies.
This document discusses several conditions related to abnormalities in dentin formation, including dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentin dysplasia. It describes the genetic basis, clinical and radiographic features, classifications, and histopathological characteristics of these inherited disorders. The key features include opalescent or discolored teeth, bulbous crowns, thin dentin, enlarged pulp chambers, shortened roots, and premature tooth loss. Classification systems include those proposed by Shields and Witkop. Treatment may involve extraction and dental prosthetics due to poor cosmetic outcomes and functional complications.
Non-carious cervical lesions are caused by a combination of erosion, abrasion, and abfraction and affect half the population. Erosion is chemical wear from acids like those in citrus fruits and drinks. Abrasion is mechanical wear, like from overly vigorous brushing. Abfraction is stress-related wear from forces like clenching. These lesions are diagnosed through history, examination, and radiographs. Treatment depends on the severity but may include desensitization, restorations using composites or glass ionomers, endodontics, or periodontal procedures.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary condition that affects the formation of dentin in both primary and permanent teeth. It is classified into two main types - dentinogenesis imperfecta type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is caused by mutations in the DSPP gene and affects only the teeth. Type 2 may be caused by mutations in two tightly linked genes and is characterized by multiple pulp exposures and shell-like teeth. Treatment aims to prevent wear of enamel and dentin through full coverage restorations.
This document summarizes various dental anomalies related to number, size, shape and structure of teeth. It describes conditions such as hypodontia, supernumerary teeth, microdontia, macrodontia, fusion, gemination, dens invaginatus and others. The causes, characteristics and classifications of these anomalies are discussed. Various hereditary conditions affecting dentin or enamel formation like dentinogenesis imperfecta, amelogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia and odontodysplasia are also summarized.
The wasting diseases of teeth, namely attrition, abrasion and dental erosion have taken their toll in the population around the world due to the changing lifestyles, increase in the stress levels and many others factors that were persistent earlier but have suddenly increased drastically. This presentation brings to light the new factors that have attributed to this condition as well as discusses the previous ones.
This document discusses non-carious tooth surface loss including erosion, abrasion, abfraction, and attrition. It defines each type of lesion, describes their causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment options. Erosion is caused by chemical dissolution from acids, while abrasion results from mechanical forces from toothbrushing or habits. Abfraction is microstructural loss from occlusal stresses. Attrition is normal wear from tooth contact. Prevention focuses on diet, oral habits, and correcting occlusal issues. Treatment includes restoration, endodontics, and protecting teeth from further loss.
Dental caries is caused by bacteria in the mouth that metabolize carbohydrates, producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel and dentin. It progresses through stages from early subsurface lesions to cavity formation and bacterial invasion. Risk factors include diet, oral hygiene, tooth composition, and saliva. Treatment involves preventing demineralization through fluoride, controlling plaque and bacteria, and restoring teeth through fillings or other methods.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) is a genetic disorder of tooth development. This condition is a type of dentin dysplasia that causes teeth to be discolored (most often a blue-gray or yellow-brown color) and translucent giving teeth an opalescent sheen.
This document provides an overview of developmental disturbances of the jaws and teeth. It begins with introductions and terminology. It then discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect the jaws, such as agnathia, micrognathia, macrognathia, and clefts. Tooth disturbances covered include anomalies in size, number, morphology, structure, and position. Specific conditions discussed include microdontia, hypodontia, taurodontism, amelogenesis imperfecta, and dens invaginatus. Finally, the document examines some developmental cysts of the jaws, such as the nasopalatine duct cyst, median palatal cyst, and Stafne cyst. The conclusion thanks the reader.
Developmental disturbances of tooth morphologyHagir Mahmoud
Developmental disturbances of teeth can involve abnormalities in morphodifferentiation (tooth development) or histodifferentiation (tooth structure). Disturbances in morphodifferentiation include abnormalities in tooth number, size, and shape. Tooth number abnormalities include hypodontia (missing teeth) and hyperdontia (extra teeth). Size abnormalities include microdontia (small teeth) and macrodontia (large teeth). Shape abnormalities include double teeth, accessory cusps, dens invaginatus (tooth within a tooth), ectopic enamel, taurodontism, and dilaceration (bent root). Many of these disturbances have genetic and syndromic causes. Treatment depends on the specific abnormality but may
Developmental disturbances of tooth morpologyHagir Taha
Developmental disturbances of teeth can involve abnormalities in morphodifferentiation (tooth development) or histodifferentiation (tooth structure). Disturbances in morphodifferentiation include abnormalities in tooth number, size, and shape. Tooth number abnormalities include hypodontia (missing teeth) and hyperdontia (extra teeth). Size abnormalities include microdontia (small teeth) and macrodontia (large teeth). Shape abnormalities include double teeth, accessory cusps, dens invaginatus (tooth within a tooth), ectopic enamel, taurodontism, and dilaceration (bent root). Many of these disturbances have genetic and syndromic causes. Treatment depends on the specific abnormality but may
This document discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect teeth, including abnormalities in number, size, and shape. It classifies and describes conditions like hypodontia (missing teeth), hyperdontia (extra teeth), microdontia, macrodontia, gemination, fusion, dens invaginatus, and others. For each type of disturbance, it covers clinical features, radiographic findings, associated syndromes, and recommendations for treatment and prognosis. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of developmental disturbances that can impact odontogenesis.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This document provides an overview of dentinogenesis imperfecta. It begins with an introduction to dentin formation and classification systems for dentinogenesis imperfecta. It then describes the etiology as a genetic disorder involving mutations in the DSPP gene. Clinical features include opalescent teeth that become gray/brown with age and obliterated pulp chambers. Radiographic features include bulbous crowns and thin roots. Histopathology shows abnormal dentin formation. Treatment aims to prevent attrition and involves restorations like crowns. The document provides details on different subtypes and clinical management.
This document discusses various physiologic and pathologic processes that can affect teeth, including attrition, abrasion, erosion, abfraction, pulp calcification, tooth resorption, hypercementosis, and cementicles. It defines each term and describes the clinical and radiographic presentation of each condition. It also discusses the etiology, histopathology, and characteristics of different types of resorption and cementum abnormalities like hypercementosis and cementicles.
This document discusses the radiographic interpretation of various dental anomalies and implants. It provides examples of different dental anomalies like supernumerary teeth, macrodontia, microdontia, fusion, gemination, concrescence, hypercementosis, taurodontism, and dilaceration among others. It also discusses radiographic interpretations related to systemic conditions, presurgical implant imaging, post-implant imaging, and the classification of peri-implant radiolucencies. The goal of radiographic interpretation is to identify disease, understand its nature and extent, and assist in differential diagnosis.
This document provides an overview of enamel hypoplasia, including its definition, classification, etiology, clinical features, radiographic features, and management. Enamel hypoplasia is defined as an incomplete or defective formation of the enamel matrix of teeth. It can be hereditary or environmental in origin. Common causes include nutritional deficiencies, infections like syphilis, and dental fluorosis from excess fluoride intake. Clinical features range from mild pitting to severe absence of enamel. Treatment depends on severity and location, and may include desensitizing agents, composite restoration, crowns, or extractions for severely malformed teeth.
This document summarizes structural anomalies of teeth, focusing on enamel hypoplasia. It describes the causes of enamel hypoplasia including nutritional deficiencies, infections, trauma, and fluoride ingestion. The key types of enamel hypoplasia are discussed - hypoplastic, hypocalcified, and hypomaturation. Clinical features and classifications of amelogenesis imperfecta are provided for each type. Histopathological features and treatments are also briefly mentioned.
Anomalies of tooth formation and eruption, MISSING TEETH, EXTRA TEETH, ABNORMALITY OF TOOTH SIZE, Crown size, Root size, Abnormality of crown form, ABNORMALITY OF ROOT FORM, All tissues, Cementum defects, Dentine defects, enamel defects, DISTURBANCES OF ERUPTION & EXFOLIATION,
Anomalies of the Developing Dentition(week 12)-1.pdfshamshojerat
This document summarizes various dental anomalies associated with defects in tooth development. It describes anomalies in number (such as hyperdontia and hypodontia), size (microdontia and macrodontia), shape (dens evaginatus, dens in dente, taurodontism, and dilaceration), structure (defects in enamel, dentin, and cementum), and color. Specific conditions are defined and their etiologies and characteristics are discussed, including hereditary patterns and effects on tooth morphology and radiographic appearance. Developmental stages impacted are also noted for many anomalies.
This document discusses several conditions related to abnormalities in dentin formation, including dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentin dysplasia. It describes the genetic basis, clinical and radiographic features, classifications, and histopathological characteristics of these inherited disorders. The key features include opalescent or discolored teeth, bulbous crowns, thin dentin, enlarged pulp chambers, shortened roots, and premature tooth loss. Classification systems include those proposed by Shields and Witkop. Treatment may involve extraction and dental prosthetics due to poor cosmetic outcomes and functional complications.
Non-carious cervical lesions are caused by a combination of erosion, abrasion, and abfraction and affect half the population. Erosion is chemical wear from acids like those in citrus fruits and drinks. Abrasion is mechanical wear, like from overly vigorous brushing. Abfraction is stress-related wear from forces like clenching. These lesions are diagnosed through history, examination, and radiographs. Treatment depends on the severity but may include desensitization, restorations using composites or glass ionomers, endodontics, or periodontal procedures.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary condition that affects the formation of dentin in both primary and permanent teeth. It is classified into two main types - dentinogenesis imperfecta type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is caused by mutations in the DSPP gene and affects only the teeth. Type 2 may be caused by mutations in two tightly linked genes and is characterized by multiple pulp exposures and shell-like teeth. Treatment aims to prevent wear of enamel and dentin through full coverage restorations.
This document summarizes various dental anomalies related to number, size, shape and structure of teeth. It describes conditions such as hypodontia, supernumerary teeth, microdontia, macrodontia, fusion, gemination, dens invaginatus and others. The causes, characteristics and classifications of these anomalies are discussed. Various hereditary conditions affecting dentin or enamel formation like dentinogenesis imperfecta, amelogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia and odontodysplasia are also summarized.
The wasting diseases of teeth, namely attrition, abrasion and dental erosion have taken their toll in the population around the world due to the changing lifestyles, increase in the stress levels and many others factors that were persistent earlier but have suddenly increased drastically. This presentation brings to light the new factors that have attributed to this condition as well as discusses the previous ones.
This document discusses non-carious tooth surface loss including erosion, abrasion, abfraction, and attrition. It defines each type of lesion, describes their causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment options. Erosion is caused by chemical dissolution from acids, while abrasion results from mechanical forces from toothbrushing or habits. Abfraction is microstructural loss from occlusal stresses. Attrition is normal wear from tooth contact. Prevention focuses on diet, oral habits, and correcting occlusal issues. Treatment includes restoration, endodontics, and protecting teeth from further loss.
Dental caries is caused by bacteria in the mouth that metabolize carbohydrates, producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel and dentin. It progresses through stages from early subsurface lesions to cavity formation and bacterial invasion. Risk factors include diet, oral hygiene, tooth composition, and saliva. Treatment involves preventing demineralization through fluoride, controlling plaque and bacteria, and restoring teeth through fillings or other methods.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) is a genetic disorder of tooth development. This condition is a type of dentin dysplasia that causes teeth to be discolored (most often a blue-gray or yellow-brown color) and translucent giving teeth an opalescent sheen.
This document provides an overview of developmental disturbances of the jaws and teeth. It begins with introductions and terminology. It then discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect the jaws, such as agnathia, micrognathia, macrognathia, and clefts. Tooth disturbances covered include anomalies in size, number, morphology, structure, and position. Specific conditions discussed include microdontia, hypodontia, taurodontism, amelogenesis imperfecta, and dens invaginatus. Finally, the document examines some developmental cysts of the jaws, such as the nasopalatine duct cyst, median palatal cyst, and Stafne cyst. The conclusion thanks the reader.
Developmental disturbances of tooth morphologyHagir Mahmoud
Developmental disturbances of teeth can involve abnormalities in morphodifferentiation (tooth development) or histodifferentiation (tooth structure). Disturbances in morphodifferentiation include abnormalities in tooth number, size, and shape. Tooth number abnormalities include hypodontia (missing teeth) and hyperdontia (extra teeth). Size abnormalities include microdontia (small teeth) and macrodontia (large teeth). Shape abnormalities include double teeth, accessory cusps, dens invaginatus (tooth within a tooth), ectopic enamel, taurodontism, and dilaceration (bent root). Many of these disturbances have genetic and syndromic causes. Treatment depends on the specific abnormality but may
Developmental disturbances of tooth morpologyHagir Taha
Developmental disturbances of teeth can involve abnormalities in morphodifferentiation (tooth development) or histodifferentiation (tooth structure). Disturbances in morphodifferentiation include abnormalities in tooth number, size, and shape. Tooth number abnormalities include hypodontia (missing teeth) and hyperdontia (extra teeth). Size abnormalities include microdontia (small teeth) and macrodontia (large teeth). Shape abnormalities include double teeth, accessory cusps, dens invaginatus (tooth within a tooth), ectopic enamel, taurodontism, and dilaceration (bent root). Many of these disturbances have genetic and syndromic causes. Treatment depends on the specific abnormality but may
This document discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect teeth, including abnormalities in number, size, and shape. It classifies and describes conditions like hypodontia (missing teeth), hyperdontia (extra teeth), microdontia, macrodontia, gemination, fusion, dens invaginatus, and others. For each type of disturbance, it covers clinical features, radiographic findings, associated syndromes, and recommendations for treatment and prognosis. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of developmental disturbances that can impact odontogenesis.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
3. HYPOMINERALISATION
• A reduced quality of enamel is termed as
hypomineralisation
• Normal thickness , Partial mineralisation
• Appear opaque, creamy white / yellow brown discoloration
4. AETIOLOGY?
Can be Localised :
Trauma
Radiation
Infection to primary teeth
Can be generalised :
• Systemic: Childhood oncology, coeliac disease,
Hypocalcaemia
• Environmental : Fluorosis , Molar Incisal Hypo
mineralisation
• Genetic:Amelogenesis Imperfecta
5. HYPOPLASIA:
• A reduced quantity of enamel (with irregularly shaped teeth )
is termed as Hypoplasia
• Thin, pitted small size of teeth
6. AETIOLOGY
Can be Localised :
Trauma
Radiation
Infection to primary teeth
Can be generalised :
• Systemic:Vit D deficiency ,Renal disease
7. CHARACTERISTICS HYPOPLASIA HYPOMINERALISATION
PITTED ENAMEL Yes No
WHITEYELLOW OPACITIES No Yes
HARD ENAMEL Yes No
SOFT PORUS ENAMEL No Yes
POORQUALITY ENAMEL No Yes
REDUCEDAMOUNT OF ENAMEL Yes No
BONDINGAFFECTED No Yes
10. AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
• Group of hereditary conditions that affect structure and
appearance of dental enamel.
• Autosomal dominant, recessive or X-linked
• CHARACTERISTICS:
Hypo mineralisation /Hypoplasia
Discoloration
Sensitivity
Enamel fragility
11. RESTORATIVE CHALLENGES?
• Sensitivity
• Dental Caries
• Asymmetrical Gingival contour
• Compromised periodontal health
• Discoloration/aesthetics
• Compromised resin bonding to enamel
• Accelerated tooth wear – loss of OVD and I/O space
• Un erupted and ectopic teeth
• Increased reliance on dentin bonding agent if enamel is lost
12. CLASSIFICATION:
TYPE-1 HYPOPLASTIC TYPE (61%)
Reduced enamel thickness with rough surface
Normal enamel radio-opacity to dentin
1A - Hypoplastic, Pitted autosomal dominant.
1B - Hypoplastic, Local autosomal dominant.
1C - Hypoplastic, Local autosomal recessive.
1D - Hypoplastic, Smooth autosomal dominant.
1E - Hypoplastic, Smooth X-linked dominant.
1F - Hypoplastic, Rough autosomal dominant.
1G - Enamel agenesis, Autosomal recessive.
13. TYPE-2 HYPOMATURATION TYPE (32%)
Normal thickness, softer consistency, mottled discoloured
appearance, easily be chipped away
Enamel radioopacity similar to dentin
IIA – Hypomaturation, Pigmented autosomal recessive.
IIB – Hypomaturation, X-linked recessive.
IID – Snow-capped teeth, Autosomal dominant.
18. 2. CONTROL PHASE
• Prophylaxis
• Fluoride varnish application
• Extraction of primary canine
• Restoration of anterior teeth to normalWidth/Length ratio
with Resin Composite
• Fissure sealant on intact occlusal surfaces
• Posterior teeth: Composite to correct occluso-gingival heights
19. 3. DEFINITIVE PHASE:
• Orthodontic treatment (Fixed)
(correct malocclusion, extrude permanent canines, midline
diastema, provide inter radicular space for future restorative
work)
Oral hygiene Instructions
20. MOLAR INCISAL HYPOMINERALISATION
• MIH is hypomineralisation of one or more of the first
permanent molar and often but not necessarily involving
incisor teeth
• Disruption in the amelogenesis process most probably
occurring in the early maturation stage or even earlier at the
late secretory phase
22. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:
• FLOUROSIS (It affects teeth in a symmetrical, bilateral pattern unlike MIH
which is asymmetrical.
Teeth affected by fluorosis are caries-resistant while in MIH they are caries-
prone.)
• ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA (The borders are mostly regular and smooth,
indicating developmental and pre-eruptive lack of enamel.
The margins in MIH with post-eruptive enamel breakdown are sharp and
irregular due to post-eruptive shearing of weakened enamel.
• AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA (Familial history)
• WHITE SPOT LESION (Occur in areas of plaque stagnation)
• TRAUMATIC HYPOMINERALISATION (history of dental trauma to the
primary predecessor tooth )
23. MANAGEMENT:
MOLARS:
Enhanced prevention, remineralisation and sensitivity management
Toothpaste 1450 ppm F
Dietary advice
CPP-ACP
EnamelonTreatment Gel
Fissure seal MIH molars (Resin Vs GIC )
• Problems of LA
2% lidocaine HCL and 4% articaine HCL are possibly the most frequently used LA
agents
• Resin Infiltration: ICON System
• Restoration: GIC and RMGIC
• Full/ Partial coverage crowns
• Extraction
27. DENTINOGENESIS IMPERFECTA:
• An inherited disorder of dentine formation.
• Encompasses a group of autosomal dominant traits, affecting
both primary and permanent dentitions
28. AETIOLOGY:
Mis-sense mutation of genes that encode type-1 collagen
Tissues in which type 1 collagen is the main matrix protein
are affected and include bone, sclera and dentine
• Type 1 : COL1A1, COL1A2
• Type 2, 3 : DSPP (Dentin sialophospho protein)
33. RESTORTIVE CHALLENGE:
• Difficult Endo treatment (obliteration of pulp chambers, short
roots , abnormal mineralization )
• Spontaneous abcesses in absence of coronal pathology
• Unpredictable bond to enamel ( fractures away easily )
• Caries
• Aesthetics
• Accelerated tooth wear (loss of OVD )
• Short roots- Cr lengthing may be required
34. MULTI DISCIPLINARY APPROACH:
PAEDIATRIC:
OHI and Prevention
ORTHODONTICS:
Ortho input 10-12 years
Align teeth can help ease of brushing, placement of restorations,
replacement of teeth when required and interocclusal schemes
RESTORATIVE: 16-18 Years
REPLACEMENT: 21 yrs
MAXILLOFACIAL SURGEON
40. DIAGNOSIS:
CLINICALLY RADIOGRAPHICALLY
Normal Crown Cylindrical/rectangular shaped
Lack of inter radicular Enlarged pulp cavity below CEJ
area upon probing
Elongated body of tooth
High roof of pulp cavity
Lack of CEJ Constriction
Apical displacement of furcation
Thin cervical dentin
41.
42.
43. DENTINAL DYSPLASIA
• Dentine dysplasia (DD) is a rare, autosomal dominant
condition that manifests itself clinically with discoloured and
malformed teeth
• A hereditary disturbance in the formation in dentine with
subsequent alterations in pulp development.
50. DENS INVAGINATUS
• Developmental malformation in which there is infolding of
enamel into dentin.These infolds represent stagnation sites
for bacteria and can predispose to dental caries.
• The teeth most commonly affected by DI are lateral incisors
followed by maxillary central incisors, and more rarely
premolar and canine teeth
51. AETIOLOGY:
Infection, Trauma,Growth pressure on the dental arches
during odontogenesis causing infolding of the enamel5 and
rapid proliferation of the internal enamel epithelium into the
underlying dental papilla.
52. CLASSIFICATION:
• Class I: This is a partial invagination that is confined to the crown
of the tooth. These lesions involve dentine and enamel but do not
extend past the cement-enamel junction (CEJ) or involve the
pulp.
53. • Class II: This partial invagination extends beyond the crown of the
tooth and into the root, beyond the CEJ. These lesions may or
may not involve pulp, but remain within the anatomy of the root.
There is no communication with the periodontal ligament
54. Class IIIa: This complete invagination extends through the root. It
communicates with the periodontal ligament through a second foramen
on the lateral aspect of the tooth.
Class IIIb: This complete invagination extends through the root, and
communicates with the periodontal ligament at the apical foramen.
Often there is no direct involvement of the pulpal anatomy but the lesion
causes significant disruption to the dental anatomy
55.
56. CLINICAL FEATURES:
• Asymptomatic
• Abnormally shaped tooth
(wider and associated with an exaggerated talon cusp or even
conical in shape±𝑝𝑖𝑡)
• Be mindful that lateral incisors are the most commonly
affected teeth. If these teeth exhibit any clinical features of a
dens (such as a pronounced talon cusp or incisal notching),
adjunctive radiographic examination
• Symptomatic: Patients may present with symptoms of
irreversible pulpitis or apical periodontitis.
57. RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES:
• Radiolucent pockets underneath the cingulum and incisal
edges of affected teeth. (Pockets can be surrounded by radio-
opaque enamel)
• More extensive lesions may appear as fissures, with or without
radio-opaque borders
• Communications between the invaginations and the
periodontal ligament may be evident either on the lateral
aspects of the tooth or its apex.
If such communications are present and a patient
develops pulpal pathology, a ‘butterfly’ like periapical
radiolucency
58. MANAGEMENT:
• ‘blunderbuss’ apex
• CLASS-1:
Early detection of caries
Seal with Acid etch flowable composite
Pulp necrosis
RCT (Include whole invagination into access cavity and
use of USTips and Endo microscope)
59. CLASS-2 :
If the tooth does not exhibit any signs of pulpal pathology:
The invagination should be thoroughly debrided using
ultrasonic instruments and hypochlorite. can be restored
without accessing the root canal system
If in close proximity with the pulp:
The invagination can be dressed with MTA or Calcium hydroxide
and seal with composite
If pulpal involvement:
RCT
62. DENS EVAGINATUS:
• Dens evaginatus (DE) is a developmental anomaly describing
teeth with supplemental cusps or protuberances consisting of
enamel surrounding a core of dentine, and typically with
pulpal tissue
• DE arises as a result of abnormal evagination of the internal
epithelium and ecto mesenchymal cells of the dental papilla
into the stellate reticulum of the enamel organ.
• Mandibular second premolars are most commonly affected
63. CLASSIFICATION:
Location of the tubercles
• Tubercle on the inclined plane of the lingual cusp
• Cone-like enlargement of the buccal cusp
• Tubercle on the inclined plane of the buccal cusp
• Tubercle arising from the occlusal surface obliterating the
central groove
66. • Type 1 - Talon, a well defined additional cusp that
projects palatally and extends at least half the distance
from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the incisal
edge
• Type 2 - Semitalon, an additional cusp that extends less
than half the distance from the CEJ to the incisal edge
• Type 3 - Trace talon, prominent cingula
• Type-4- Occlusal DE
• Type-5- Buccal DE
• Type-6- Palatal DE/ Lingual DE