The document provides background information on George Orwell and his famous novel Animal Farm. It summarizes the key events and characters in Animal Farm, with the animals representing different people and factions involved in the Russian Revolution. The main idea is that Animal Farm is a political allegory about the betrayal of the Russian Revolution, with the pigs taking control and oppressing the other animals, much like Stalin betrayed the ideals of the revolution.

1. ANI MAL FARMANI MAL FARM
BY GEORGE ORWELLBY GEORGE ORWELL
 PRESENTED BYPRESENTED BY::
 UMAIR ZAFARUMAIR ZAFAR
 REG.NUM:REG.NUM:
 33183318
 SECTION:SECTION:
 BSSE F16 ABSSE F16 A
 PRESENTED TO:PRESENTED TO:
 SIR JAMALSIR JAMAL

2. George OrwellGeorge Orwell
British Author & JournalistBritish Author & Journalist
 AGE:-AGE:-
 1903-19501903-1950
 BIRTH PLACE:-BIRTH PLACE:-
 INDIAINDIA
 BEST NOVEL:-BEST NOVEL:-

BurmeseBurmese DaysDays
 FAMOUS DUE TO:-FAMOUS DUE TO:-
 novelist and critic, as well as a politicalnovelist and critic, as well as a political
and cultural commentatorand cultural commentator
 BEST NOVELS:-BEST NOVELS:-
 Animal FarmAnimal Farm
 Nineteen Eighty-FourNineteen Eighty-Four
“Liberty is telling people what they do not want to hear.”

3. ACHIEVMENTS OFACHIEVMENTS OF
NOVELNOVEL
 Among 100Among 100
best englishbest english
novels(timenovels(time
mAgAzine)mAgAzine)
 31 on modern31 on modern
librAry list.librAry list.
 WonWon
retrospectivretrospectiv
e hugoe hugo

4. Why Animals FARM?Why Animals FARM?
 He wrote this novel;Orwell says he once saw aHe wrote this novel;Orwell says he once saw a
little boy beating a horse and later he wrote,little boy beating a horse and later he wrote,

““It struck me that if only such animals becameIt struck me that if only such animals became
aware of their strength we should have noaware of their strength we should have no
power over them, and that men exploitpower over them, and that men exploit
animals in much the same way as the richanimals in much the same way as the rich
exploit the [worker].exploit the [worker].

5. ABOUT ANIMAL FARMABOUT ANIMAL FARM
The two most important aspects of The two most important aspects of Animal FarmAnimal Farm::
1.1. allegory:-allegory:-
It is a story in which concrete and specificIt is a story in which concrete and specific
characters and situations stand for othercharacters and situations stand for other
characters and situations so as to make a pointcharacters and situations so as to make a point
about them.about them.
2.2. Dystopia:-Dystopia:-
It is an imagined world that is far worse thanIt is an imagined world that is far worse than
our own, as opposed to a our own, as opposed to a utopiautopia, which is an, which is an
ideal place or stateideal place or state

6. BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
1.1. Orwell had been shaped by his experience in the SpanishOrwell had been shaped by his experience in the Spanish
Civil War and by watching the way the revolution evolved inCivil War and by watching the way the revolution evolved in
Russia and then the Soviet Union.Russia and then the Soviet Union.
2.2. Orwell himself described Orwell himself described Animal FarmAnimal Farm as his first effort to as his first effort to
use an artistic novel to also try and accomplish a politicaluse an artistic novel to also try and accomplish a political
aim. He was proud of the way he was able to combine theaim. He was proud of the way he was able to combine the
two elements into this very memorable and significant story.two elements into this very memorable and significant story.
3.3. In particular, he felt it was a better representation of StalinIn particular, he felt it was a better representation of Stalin
and the Soviet Union than what was generally accepted inand the Soviet Union than what was generally accepted in
Britain at the time he wrote it. He wanted to push backBritain at the time he wrote it. He wanted to push back
against the very positive image of Stalin held by someagainst the very positive image of Stalin held by some
leaders and bureaucrats in the government.leaders and bureaucrats in the government.

7. AnimAlism = CommunismAnimAlism = Communism
 AnimalismAnimalism
 TAughT my old mAjorTAughT my old mAjor
 no riCh, buT no poorno riCh, buT no poor
 beTTer life forbeTTer life for
workersworkers
 All AnimAls Are equAlAll AnimAls Are equAl
 everyone owns Theeveryone owns The
fArmfArm
 CommunismCommunism
 invenTed by kArl mArxinvenTed by kArl mArx
 All people Are equAlAll people Are equAl
 governmenT ownsgovernmenT owns
everyThingeveryThing
 people own Thepeople own The
governmenTgovernmenT

8. SIGNIFICANCE TODAYSIGNIFICANCE TODAY
 But why – now that Soviet CommunismBut why – now that Soviet Communism
has fallen and the Cold War is over –doeshas fallen and the Cold War is over –does
Animal FarmAnimal Farm deserve our attention?deserve our attention?
 The answer lies in the power of allegory,The answer lies in the power of allegory,
because they require us to makebecause they require us to make
comparisons and connections, can becomparisons and connections, can be
meaningful to any reader in any historicalmeaningful to any reader in any historical
period. The story ofperiod. The story of Animal FarmAnimal Farm willwill
always have lessons to teach us about thealways have lessons to teach us about the
ways that people abuse power andways that people abuse power and
manipulate others.manipulate others.

9. CHARACTERCHARACTER
REPRESENTATIONREPRESENTATION
 MR JONES:-MR JONES:-
He was owner of manor farm.He was owner of manor farm. He ran the Manor Farm before theHe ran the Manor Farm before the
animals stage their Rebellion and establish Animal Farm. Mr. Jonesanimals stage their Rebellion and establish Animal Farm. Mr. Jones
is an unkind master who indulges himself while his animals lackis an unkind master who indulges himself while his animals lack
food; he thus represents Tsar Nicholas II, whom the Russianfood; he thus represents Tsar Nicholas II, whom the Russian
Revolution ousted.Revolution ousted.
Mr. FrederickMr. Frederick :-The tough, shrewd operator of Pinchfield, a :-The tough, shrewd operator of Pinchfield, a
neighboring farm. Based on Adolf Hitler, the ruler of Nazi Germanyneighboring farm. Based on Adolf Hitler, the ruler of Nazi Germany
in the 1930s and 1940s, Mr. Frederick proves an untrustworthyin the 1930s and 1940s, Mr. Frederick proves an untrustworthy
neighbor.neighbor.
Mr. PilkingtonMr. Pilkington - The easygoing gentleman farmer who runs - The easygoing gentleman farmer who runs
Foxwood, a neighboring farm. Mr. Frederick’s bitter enemy, Mr.Foxwood, a neighboring farm. Mr. Frederick’s bitter enemy, Mr.
Pilkington represents the capitalist governments of England and thePilkington represents the capitalist governments of England and the
United States.United States.

10. CHARACTERCHARACTER
REPRESENTATIONREPRESENTATION
 OLD MAJOR:-OLD MAJOR:-
who taught vision of revolution to animals. Three dayswho taught vision of revolution to animals. Three days
after describing the vision and teaching the animals the songafter describing the vision and teaching the animals the song
“Beasts of England,” Major dies, leaving Snowball and Napoleon to“Beasts of England,” Major dies, leaving Snowball and Napoleon to
struggle for control of his legacy. thus he is representing Germanstruggle for control of his legacy. thus he is representing German
and Russia revolutionary leaders.and Russia revolutionary leaders.
NapoleonNapoleon - The pig who emerges as the leader of Animal Farm after - The pig who emerges as the leader of Animal Farm after
death of Old Major. He is representing Joseph Stalin,second ruler ofdeath of Old Major. He is representing Joseph Stalin,second ruler of
Russia after revolution.Russia after revolution.
 SNOW BALL:- He is a young boar who becomes one of theSNOW BALL:- He is a young boar who becomes one of the
rebellion’s most valuable leaders. He draws complicated plans forrebellion’s most valuable leaders. He draws complicated plans for
the windmill , representing leader who followed revolutionarythe windmill , representing leader who followed revolutionary
leaders.leaders.

11. CHARACTERCHARACTER
REPRESENTATIONREPRESENTATION
 BOXER:-BOXER:-
A hardworking horse, Boxer shows much devotion to AnimalA hardworking horse, Boxer shows much devotion to Animal
Farm’s ideals but little ability to think about them independently ,Farm’s ideals but little ability to think about them independently ,
representing people of society.representing people of society.
 DOGS OF ANIMAL FARM:-DOGS OF ANIMAL FARM:-
representing Police and army of russia.representing Police and army of russia.
 Mollie:-Mollie:-
horse that represents rich people of society .He left that farmhorse that represents rich people of society .He left that farm
and moved to another farm.and moved to another farm.
 Similarly all other characters represent different people of society.Similarly all other characters represent different people of society.

12. MAIN IDEAMAIN IDEA
 Animal FarmAnimal Farm is a short political novel by George Orwell based is a short political novel by George Orwell based
on Joseph Stalin‘s betrayal of the Russian Revolution. Orwell wroteon Joseph Stalin‘s betrayal of the Russian Revolution. Orwell wrote
it because he wished to destroy what he called the "Soviet myth". it because he wished to destroy what he called the "Soviet myth".
 the story is one of the most famous political the story is one of the most famous political allegoriesallegories in the world. in the world.
 It is about a group of animals who rebel against the humans whoIt is about a group of animals who rebel against the humans who
run the farm they live on and run it themselves with hopes of beingrun the farm they live on and run it themselves with hopes of being
equal, free, and happy. In the end, however, the new rule becomesequal, free, and happy. In the end, however, the new rule becomes
a cruel tyranny of its own led by the pigs.a cruel tyranny of its own led by the pigs.
 It was written during World War II and published in 1945.It was written during World War II and published in 1945.

13. SUMMARYSUMMARY
CH#1CH#1
After Mr. Jones, the owner of Manor Farm, falls asleep in a drunken stupor, allAfter Mr. Jones, the owner of Manor Farm, falls asleep in a drunken stupor, all
of his animals meet in the big barn at the request of of his animals meet in the big barn at the request of old Majorold Major. Major. Major
delivers a political speech about the evils inflicted upon them by their humandelivers a political speech about the evils inflicted upon them by their human
keepers and their need to rebel against the tyranny of Man. Major mentionskeepers and their need to rebel against the tyranny of Man. Major mentions
a strange dream of his in which he saw a vision of the earth without humans.a strange dream of his in which he saw a vision of the earth without humans.
He then teaches the animals a song — "Beasts of England" — which theyHe then teaches the animals a song — "Beasts of England" — which they
sing repeatedly until they awaken Jones, who fires his gun from hissing repeatedly until they awaken Jones, who fires his gun from his
bedroom window, thinking there is a fox in the yard. Frightened by the shot,bedroom window, thinking there is a fox in the yard. Frightened by the shot,
the animals disperse and go to sleep.the animals disperse and go to sleep.

14. SUMMARYSUMMARY
CH#2CH#2
 After the death of After the death of old Majorold Major, the animals spend their days secretly planning, the animals spend their days secretly planning
the rebellion. The pigs are placed in charge of educating the animals aboutthe rebellion. The pigs are placed in charge of educating the animals about
Animalism, the name they give to the philosophy expounded by Major inAnimalism, the name they give to the philosophy expounded by Major in
Chapter 1. Among the pigs, Chapter 1. Among the pigs, SnowballSnowball and and NapoleonNapoleon are the most important are the most important
to the revolution.ng the rebellion, The rebellion occurs when Jones againto the revolution.ng the rebellion, The rebellion occurs when Jones again
falls into a drunken sleep and neglects to feed the animals, who break intofalls into a drunken sleep and neglects to feed the animals, who break into
the store-shed in search of a meal. When Jones and his men arrive, theythe store-shed in search of a meal. When Jones and his men arrive, they
begin whipping the animals but soon find themselves being attacked andbegin whipping the animals but soon find themselves being attacked and
chased off the farm .Jones and his man ran away from farm and animalschased off the farm .Jones and his man ran away from farm and animals
overtake that farm now Napolian and snowballs(pigs)were their rulers.overtake that farm now Napolian and snowballs(pigs)were their rulers.

15. SUMMARYSUMMARY
CH#3,4CH#3,4 The pigs become the supervisors and directors of the animal workers.The pigs become the supervisors and directors of the animal workers.
 The animals learn that the cows' milk and windfallen apples are mixed everyThe animals learn that the cows' milk and windfallen apples are mixed every
day into the pigs' mash. When the animals object, day into the pigs' mash. When the animals object, Squealer(a mostSquealer(a most
intelligent pig)intelligent pig) explains that the pigs need the milk and apples to sustain explains that the pigs need the milk and apples to sustain
themselves as they work for the benefit of all the other animals.themselves as they work for the benefit of all the other animals.
 On Sundays, the animals meet in the big barn to listen to On Sundays, the animals meet in the big barn to listen to SnowballSnowball
and and NapoleonNapoleon debate a number of topics on which they seem never to debate a number of topics on which they seem never to
agree. Snowball forms a number of Animal Committees, all of which fail.agree. Snowball forms a number of Animal Committees, all of which fail.
 In October, Jones and a group of men arrive at Animal Farm and attempt toIn October, Jones and a group of men arrive at Animal Farm and attempt to
seize control of it. Snowball, with the help of the other animals, drives Jonesseize control of it. Snowball, with the help of the other animals, drives Jones
and his men away. The animals then celebrate their victory in what they calland his men away. The animals then celebrate their victory in what they call
"The Battle of the Cowshed.""The Battle of the Cowshed."

16. SUMMARYSUMMARY
CH#5CH#5
 SnowballSnowball and and NapoleonNapoleon continue their fervent debates, the greatest of continue their fervent debates, the greatest of
which occurs over the building of a windmill on a knoll. Snowball argues inwhich occurs over the building of a windmill on a knoll. Snowball argues in
favor of the windmill, Napoleon argues against it,favor of the windmill, Napoleon argues against it,
 On the Sunday that the plan for the windmill is to be put to a vote, NapoleonOn the Sunday that the plan for the windmill is to be put to a vote, Napoleon
calls out nine ferocious dogs, who chase Snowball off the farm. Napoleoncalls out nine ferocious dogs, who chase Snowball off the farm. Napoleon
then announces that all debates will stop and Three weeks after Snowball'sthen announces that all debates will stop and Three weeks after Snowball's
escape, Napoleon surprises everybody by announcing that the windmill willescape, Napoleon surprises everybody by announcing that the windmill will
be built. He sends be built. He sends SquealerSquealer to the animals to explain that the windmill was to the animals to explain that the windmill was
really Napoleon's idea all along and that the plans for it were stolen from himreally Napoleon's idea all along and that the plans for it were stolen from him
by Snowball.by Snowball.

17. SUMMARYSUMMARY
CH#6,7CH#6,7
 Next year the animals work harder than ever before to construct windmill.Next year the animals work harder than ever before to construct windmill.
 Napoleon announces trade with the humansNapoleon announces trade with the humans
 Jones gives up his attempts at retaking his farm and moves to another part of theJones gives up his attempts at retaking his farm and moves to another part of the
county. The pigs move into the farmhouse and begin sleeping in beds,county. The pigs move into the farmhouse and begin sleeping in beds,
which which SquealerSquealer excuses on the grounds that the pigs need their rest after the daily excuses on the grounds that the pigs need their rest after the daily
strain of running the farm.strain of running the farm.
 That November, a storm topples the half-finished windmill. Napoleon tells the animalsThat November, a storm topples the half-finished windmill. Napoleon tells the animals
that that SnowballSnowball is responsible for its ruin and offers a reward to any animal who kills is responsible for its ruin and offers a reward to any animal who kills
Snowball or brings him back alive. Snowball or brings him back alive.
 The hens protest when Napoleon decides to sell their eggs.The hens protest when Napoleon decides to sell their eggs.
 Squealer tells the animals that Snowball was in league with Mr. Jones from the start.Squealer tells the animals that Snowball was in league with Mr. Jones from the start.
 The dogs kill Napoleon’s enemies and some self-confesses traitors.The dogs kill Napoleon’s enemies and some self-confesses traitors.
 Napoleon abolishes the singing of Beasts of England.Napoleon abolishes the singing of Beasts of England.

18. SUMMARYSUMMARY
CH#8,9&10CH#8,9&10
 Mr. Frederick and the other farmers attack the farm and destroy the windmill but areMr. Frederick and the other farmers attack the farm and destroy the windmill but are
driven off by the animals in the Battle of the Windmill.driven off by the animals in the Battle of the Windmill.
 The pigs celebrate their “victory” by getting drunk.The pigs celebrate their “victory” by getting drunk.
 Boxer collapses and is taken away by the slaughtererBoxer collapses and is taken away by the slaughterer
 Squealer says that Boxer died in the hospitalSquealer says that Boxer died in the hospital
 The pigs hold a memorial banquet for themselves in Boxer’s honor.The pigs hold a memorial banquet for themselves in Boxer’s honor.
 Few animals remain who remember life before the rebellion.Few animals remain who remember life before the rebellion.
 The pigs walk on hind legs, carry whips, and become indistinguishable from humans.The pigs walk on hind legs, carry whips, and become indistinguishable from humans.
 ““Animal Farm” becomes “The Manor Farm.”Animal Farm” becomes “The Manor Farm.”

19. MY VIEWSMY VIEWS
ABOUT THE NOVELABOUT THE NOVEL
 I think it is a best novel about PakistanI think it is a best novel about Pakistan
politics.politics.
 Every Pakistani must read this novelEvery Pakistani must read this novel
,when I first time read it I thought that it,when I first time read it I thought that it
has been written about Pakistan politics.has been written about Pakistan politics.
 There are many characters representingThere are many characters representing
different sects of pakistan.different sects of pakistan.

20. MY VIEWS ABOUTMY VIEWS ABOUT
NOVELNOVEL
 Old Major:-representing great LeaderOld Major:-representing great Leader
Muhammad Ali Jinnah ,just like old MajorMuhammad Ali Jinnah ,just like old Major
he died just after creation of Pakistan.he died just after creation of Pakistan.
 Napoleon:-Army Generals who took overNapoleon:-Army Generals who took over
elected Government.elected Government.
 Pigs:-corrupt Politicians who don’t workPigs:-corrupt Politicians who don’t work
but exploit the farm’s resourcesbut exploit the farm’s resources
 Squealer:-senseless Pakistani media.Squealer:-senseless Pakistani media.

21. MY VIEWMY VIEW
ABOUT BOOKABOUT BOOK
 BOXER:-Army Soldiers & labourers whoBOXER:-Army Soldiers & labourers who
worked hard for the farm but they are givenworked hard for the farm but they are given
nothing when they live and ‘after their deaths’nothing when they live and ‘after their deaths’
memorial banquets are made for their honour.memorial banquets are made for their honour.
 Snowball:-Sheikh Mujeeb ur Rehman,quarellSnowball:-Sheikh Mujeeb ur Rehman,quarell
between Bhutto and Mujeeb ur Rehman is abetween Bhutto and Mujeeb ur Rehman is a
good analogous to what happened in 1970’sgood analogous to what happened in 1970’s
between Bhutto and Mujeeb ur Rehman.between Bhutto and Mujeeb ur Rehman.
 DOGS:-Represents Punjab Police,DOGS:-Represents Punjab Police,

22. Picture represent:- This picturePicture represent:- This picture
represent:-represent:-
PAKISTANI PEOPLE PAKISTANI POLITICIANSPAKISTANI PEOPLE PAKISTANI POLITICIANS

23. Animal Farm RevolutionAnimal Farm Revolution
= INDO PAK Revolution= INDO PAK Revolution
 Animal Farm RevolutionAnimal Farm Revolution
 Was supposed to make lifeWas supposed to make life
better for all, but . . .better for all, but . . .
 Life was worse at the end.Life was worse at the end.
 The leaders became theThe leaders became the
same as, or worse than thesame as, or worse than the
other farmers (humans) theyother farmers (humans) they
rebelled against.rebelled against.
 Indo-pak RevolutionIndo-pak Revolution
 Was supposed to fix theWas supposed to fix the
problems created by theproblems created by the
British Government, but .British Government, but .
. .. .
 Life was even worse afterLife was even worse after
the independence.the independence.
 Only one group of peopleOnly one group of people
is living peacefully afteris living peacefully after
independence.independence.