The document provides an overview of Android architecture components including lifecycle management, ViewModel, LiveData, and Room for database management. It highlights the importance of software architecture in optimizing performance, maintainability, and security while addressing common developer challenges. Each component is discussed in terms of its purpose, usage, and interactions, emphasizing their role in efficient app development.

1. Android Architecture
Components
LifeCycle , LiveData , Room and ViewModel

2. Agenda
● What is Architecture ?
● Common Problems
● Why to use Android Architecture Components ?
● LifeCycle
● ViewModel
● LiveData
● Room

3. What is Architecture ?
Software application architecture is the process of defining a structured solution that
meets all of the technical and operational requirements, while optimizing common
quality attributes such as performance, security, and manageability. It involves a
series of decisions based on a wide range of factors, and each of these decisions can
have considerable impact on the quality, performance, maintainability, and overall
success of the application

4. What is Architecture ?

5. What is Architecture ?
Separation of Concerns

6. Common Developer Problems
● Multiple Entry Point
● Constantly Switching Flow and Tasks
● Screen Rotation

7. Architecture Patterns
● MVC (Model-View-Controller)
● MVP (Model-View-Presenter)
● MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel)
● VP (View-Presenter)

8. Our Expectations

9. Reality

10. Why Architecture Components ?
Persist Data
Manage
LifeCycle Modular
Defense Against
Common Errors
Less
Boilerplate

11. Simple App
App UI/UX ROOM
Modifies,requests
or generates data
for database
Response
Back
LIVE DATA

12. Components
4. Room
1. LifeCycle
2. LiveData
3. ViewModel

13. Dependencies
//Room
compile 'android.arch.persistence.room:runtime:1.0.0'
annotationProcessor 'android.arch.persistence.room:compiler:1.0.0'
//LifeCycle and ViewModel
compile 'android.arch.lifecycle:runtime:1.0.0'
compile 'android.arch.lifecycle:extensions:1.0.0'
annotationProcessor 'android.arch.lifecycle:compiler:1.0.0'

14. LifeCycle : Problems
2. Untimely UI updates
1. Activity/Fragment LifeCycle
4. Screen Rotation
3. Broadcast Receivers

15. LifeCycle
LifeCycle Owner :
LifeCycle Owner are the objects with lifecycle
,like Activities and Fragments
LifeCycle Owners:
( Activities/Fragments )
LifeCycle Observer :
LifeCycle Observer observe LifeCycleOwners ,
and are notifies of lifecycle changes
LifeCycle Observer
(Ex: LiveData)

16. LifeCycle
@Override
public void onCreate(...) {
myLocationListener = new MyLocationListener(this, location -> {
// update UI
});
}
@Override
public void onStart() {
super.onStart();
myLocationListener.start();
}
@Override
public void onStop() {
super.onStop();
myLocationListener.stop();
}

17. LifeCycle
@Override
public void onCreate(...) {
myLocationListener = new MyLocationListener(this, location -> {
// update UI
});
}
@Override
public void onStop() {
super.onStop();
myLocationListener.stop();
}
@Override
public void onStart() {
super.onStart();
Util.checkUserStatus(result -> {
// what if this callback is invoked AFTER activity is stopped?
if (result) {
myLocationListener.start();
}
});
}

18. MyLocationListener
public class MyLocationListner implements LifecycleObserver {
}
//Add this our MainActivity
getLifecycle().addObserver(new MyLocationListner());
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME)
public void connectListener() {
...
}
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE)
public void disconnectListener() {
...
}

19. MyLocationListener
class MyLocationListener implements LifecycleObserver {
}
private boolean enabled = false;
public MyLocationListener(Context context, Lifecycle lifecycle, Callback callback) {
...
}
public void enable() {
enabled = true;
if (lifecycle.getCurrentState().isAtLeast(STARTED)) {
// connect if not connected
}
}
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP)
void stop() {
// disconnect if connected
}
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START)
void start() {
if (enabled) {
// connect
}
}

20. MainActivity
class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private MyLocationListener myLocationListener;
public void onCreate(...) {
}
}
myLocationListener =
new MyLocationListener(this,getLifecycle(),location -> {
// update UI
});
Util.checkUserStatus(result -> {
if (result) {
myLocationListener.enable();
}
});

21. LifeCycle : Use Cases
2. Stopping and starting video buffering
1. Location updates
3. Pausing and resuming animatable drawables

22. ViewModel
The ViewModel class is designed store and manage UI-related
data so that data survives the configuration changes such as
screen rotations
ViewModel:
public class MyViewModel extends ViewModel{
}
AndroidViewModel with context:
public class MyViewModel extends AndroidViewModel {
public MyViewModel(@NonNull Application application) {
super(application);
}
}

23. ViewModel LifeCycle

24. Create ViewModel
public class MyViewModel extends ViewModel {
private int mRotationCount;
public int getRotationCount() {
mRotationCount = mRotationCount + 1;
return mRotationCount;
}
}

25. Implement ViewModel
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
//Get view model instance
MyViewModel myViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(MyViewModel.class);
//set the increment value
mRotationCountTextView.setText("" + myViewModel.getRotationCount());

26. Context ViewModel
public class MyViewModel extends AndroidViewModel {
private NotificationManager mNotificationManager;
}
public MyViewModel(@NonNull Application application) {
super(application);
mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) application.
getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
}

27. ViewModel : Use Cases
2. Shared between fragments
1. Retain State
3. Replacing loaders

28. LiveData
1. LiveData is observable data holder.
2. It notifies the observers when data changes so that
you can update the UI.
3. It is also Life Cycle Aware

29. LiveData : Pros
1. UI Matches your data state
2. No Memory leak
3. No more manual lifecycle handling

30. Create LiveData Object
public class NameViewModel extends ViewModel {
// Rest of the ViewModel...
}
// Create a LiveData with a String
private MutableLiveData<String> mCurrentName;
public MutableLiveData<String> getCurrentName() {
if (mCurrentName == null) {
mCurrentName = new MutableLiveData<String>();
}
return mCurrentName;
}

31. Observe LiveData Objects
private NameViewModel mModel;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
// Get the ViewModel.
mModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(NameViewModel.class);
// Create the observer which updates the UI.
final Observer<String> nameObserver = new Observer<String>() {
@Override
public void onChanged(@Nullable final String newName) {
// Update the UI, in this case, a TextView.
mNameTextView.setText(newName);
}
};
// Observe the LiveData, passing in this activity as the
// LifecycleOwner and the observer.
mModel.getCurrentName().observe(this, nameObserver);

32. Update LiveData Objects
mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String anotherName = "John Doe";
mModel.getCurrentName().setValue(anotherName);
}
});

33. Database ??

34. Room
Room is a robust SQL Object Mapping Library

35. Plain Old Java Object (POJO)
Old POJO Room POJO
public class User {
private int uid;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private int age;
private Date dateOfJoining;
}
public class User {
private int uid;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private int age;
private Date dateOfJoining;
}
@PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
@ColumnInfo(name = "first_name")
@Entity
@ColumnInfo(name = "last_name")

36. UserDao.java
public interface UserDao {
}
@Insert
void insertAll(List<User> users);
@Delete
void delete(User user);
@Update
void updateUser(User user);
@Query("SELECT * FROM user")
List<User> getAll();
@Dao
@Query("SELECT * FROM user WHERE uid = :userID")
User findUserById(int userID);

37. UserDao.java
public interface UserDao {
}
@Insert
void insertAll(List<User> users);
@Delete
void delete(User user);
@Update
void updateUser(User user);
@Query("SELECT * FROM user")
LiveData<List<User>> getAll();
@Dao
@Query("SELECT * FROM user WHERE uid = :userID")
User findUserById(int userID);

38. Setup Room Database
public abstract class AppDatabase extends RoomDatabase {
}
public abstract UserDao userDao();
@Database(entities = {User.class}, version = 1)
@TypeConverters({Converters.class})

39. Build Room Database
public class AppController extends Application {
private static AppController appController;
private AppDatabase appDatabase;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
appController = this;
}
public static AppDatabase getAppDatabase() {
return appController.appDatabase;
}
}
//Initialize the room database with database name
appDatabase = Room.databaseBuilder(this, AppDatabase.class, "user-database")
.fallbackToDestructiveMigration()
.build();

40. Display data
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
List<User> userList = AppController
.getAppDatabase()
.userDao()
.getAll();
//Update List in adapter
}
}

41. UserModel
public class UserModel extends ViewModel {
private final UserDao userDao;
public UserModel() {
userDao = AppController
.getAppDatabase()
.userDao();
}
public LiveData<List<User>> getAllUser()
{
return userDao.getAll();
}
}

42. MainActivity
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private UserModel userModel;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//Setup your UI
}
}
userModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(UserModel.class);
userModel.getAllUser().observe(this, new Observer<List<User>>() {
@Override
public void onChanged(@Nullable List<User> userList) {
// updateUI
}
});

43. Thank you
burhanrashid52
Burhanuddin Rashid
Resources :
● Android Architecture Components : http://bit.ly/2hGRxoc
● Exploring Architecture Components : http://bit.ly/2j1Pvvv
Multidots Inc.
https://www.multidots.com/