The History of Ancient Greece - Brion Hoke, Greco-Roman HistoryBrion Hoke
This slide show was created using notes from my Eastern Michigan University Master's level class entitled, 'Ancient Greek History' with Dr. Holoka - please email with any corrections or possible additions at bhoke@summit-academy.com
The document provides an overview of classical Greek civilization and its influence. It discusses the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations that preceded classical Greece. The classical period saw the rise of city-states like Athens and Sparta between 1200-750 BCE. Athens developed democracy in the 5th century BCE under Pericles but later fought the Peloponnesian Wars with Sparta. Greek drama and the works of playwrights like Sophocles and Euripides emerged in this period. Greek philosophy also developed, laying the foundations of Western thought.
The document provides information on various aspects of Greek culture, including religion, dance, festivals, mythology, and gods and goddesses. It discusses how Greek Orthodox Christianity is the dominant religion in Greece. It also summarizes different Greek dances and traditional festivals. Key myths are summarized at a high level, such as the Trojan War and the Titans. Finally, it lists and briefly describes the major Olympian gods and goddesses in Greek mythology.
The ancient Greek civilization spanned from around 1450 BC to 200 BC. The first ancient Greeks were known as Mycenaeans rather than Greeks. Greek mythology featured gods like Uranus, Cronus, and Zeus. Spartan boys underwent rigorous military training from age 7, while Spartan girls were also trained in athletics. The Greek navy relied on triremes, which used rams and soldiers to attack enemy ships. Greek plays featured masks to portray different characters and were performed by male actors, with women not allowed on stage. Philosophy flourished in ancient Greece, with thinkers exploring topics like happiness, atoms, and the shape of the Earth.
The document summarizes the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia and the subsequent Golden Age of Athens. It then discusses the Peloponnesian Wars between Athens and Sparta. Key events include Athens helping Ionian Greeks defeat the Persians at Marathon. This was followed by Xerxes' large invasion being defeated by Spartans at Thermopylae and Greeks at sea in Salamis. Athens entered its Golden Age under Pericles and was glorified through its art, philosophy, and architecture like the Parthenon. However, tensions grew between Athens and Sparta, leading to the Peloponnesian Wars where a plague in Athens and lost battle in Syracuse caused it to surrender to Sparta in 404 BCE.
The document provides an overview of ancient Greek civilization. It discusses that the Minoans inhabited Crete and had a palace at Knossos, worshipped bulls, and were eventually conquered by the Mycenaeans who spoke an Indo-European language. It then covers the rise of city-states called polis in Greece, the development of democracy in Athens, and important Greek gods like Zeus. The document concludes with summaries of key figures like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and their contributions to philosophy.
The ancient Greeks contributed greatly to modern society through practices like watching the Olympic games, attending theaters, and visiting public buildings. They developed democracy in Athens around 508 BC. Key events included the Persian wars in 490-480 BC and the Peloponnesian war between Athens and Sparta from 431-404 BC. Greek culture flourished through art, architecture, drama, and the teachings of philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Alexander the Great then conquered much of the known world by 336 BC, spreading Greek influence before Rome eventually conquered Greece.
The History of Ancient Greece - Brion Hoke, Greco-Roman HistoryBrion Hoke
This slide show was created using notes from my Eastern Michigan University Master's level class entitled, 'Ancient Greek History' with Dr. Holoka - please email with any corrections or possible additions at bhoke@summit-academy.com
The document provides an overview of classical Greek civilization and its influence. It discusses the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations that preceded classical Greece. The classical period saw the rise of city-states like Athens and Sparta between 1200-750 BCE. Athens developed democracy in the 5th century BCE under Pericles but later fought the Peloponnesian Wars with Sparta. Greek drama and the works of playwrights like Sophocles and Euripides emerged in this period. Greek philosophy also developed, laying the foundations of Western thought.
The document provides information on various aspects of Greek culture, including religion, dance, festivals, mythology, and gods and goddesses. It discusses how Greek Orthodox Christianity is the dominant religion in Greece. It also summarizes different Greek dances and traditional festivals. Key myths are summarized at a high level, such as the Trojan War and the Titans. Finally, it lists and briefly describes the major Olympian gods and goddesses in Greek mythology.
The ancient Greek civilization spanned from around 1450 BC to 200 BC. The first ancient Greeks were known as Mycenaeans rather than Greeks. Greek mythology featured gods like Uranus, Cronus, and Zeus. Spartan boys underwent rigorous military training from age 7, while Spartan girls were also trained in athletics. The Greek navy relied on triremes, which used rams and soldiers to attack enemy ships. Greek plays featured masks to portray different characters and were performed by male actors, with women not allowed on stage. Philosophy flourished in ancient Greece, with thinkers exploring topics like happiness, atoms, and the shape of the Earth.
The document summarizes the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia and the subsequent Golden Age of Athens. It then discusses the Peloponnesian Wars between Athens and Sparta. Key events include Athens helping Ionian Greeks defeat the Persians at Marathon. This was followed by Xerxes' large invasion being defeated by Spartans at Thermopylae and Greeks at sea in Salamis. Athens entered its Golden Age under Pericles and was glorified through its art, philosophy, and architecture like the Parthenon. However, tensions grew between Athens and Sparta, leading to the Peloponnesian Wars where a plague in Athens and lost battle in Syracuse caused it to surrender to Sparta in 404 BCE.
The document provides an overview of ancient Greek civilization. It discusses that the Minoans inhabited Crete and had a palace at Knossos, worshipped bulls, and were eventually conquered by the Mycenaeans who spoke an Indo-European language. It then covers the rise of city-states called polis in Greece, the development of democracy in Athens, and important Greek gods like Zeus. The document concludes with summaries of key figures like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and their contributions to philosophy.
The ancient Greeks contributed greatly to modern society through practices like watching the Olympic games, attending theaters, and visiting public buildings. They developed democracy in Athens around 508 BC. Key events included the Persian wars in 490-480 BC and the Peloponnesian war between Athens and Sparta from 431-404 BC. Greek culture flourished through art, architecture, drama, and the teachings of philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Alexander the Great then conquered much of the known world by 336 BC, spreading Greek influence before Rome eventually conquered Greece.
Ancient Greece was located in southeastern Europe surrounded by water and mountains. Its climate was moderated by the Mediterranean Sea, resulting in hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. Greek civilization began around 2000 BC and was organized into independent city-states like Athens and Sparta. Notable periods included the Golden Age in Athens from 477-431 BC and the Hellenistic Age after Alexander the Great's conquest in 334 BC. Daily life centered around agriculture of crops like olives, grapes, and barley. Society was patriarchal and divided between aristocrats, farmers, and slaves. Religion involved worship of many gods through animal sacrifices.
This document provides an overview of Greek civilization. It describes the geography of Greece and how the seas and mountains shaped settlement patterns. It discusses the early Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations, including the fall of the Minoans due to a volcanic eruption. The document then covers the Dark Ages period and the epics of Homer, before examining the differences between the city-states of Sparta and Athens. It provides details on the forms of government in Athens, from monarchy to democracy under Solon and Cleisthenes.
The document provides an overview of ancient Greek civilization from approximately 3000-332 BCE. It discusses the Minoan and Mycenaean cultures, including art, architecture, and mythology. It also describes the rise of the Greek city-states and their unification against the Persians in the 5th century BCE. Key figures mentioned include Homer, whose epics defined Greek mythology, and landmarks such as the Parthenon and Temple of Zeus.
The Iliad by Homer tells the story of the Trojan War. It focuses on the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon and its consequences. When Agamemnon takes Briseis, one of Achilles' war prizes, Achilles withdraws from battle in protest. Without Achilles, the Greeks are pushed back by the Trojans led by Hector. Patroclus wears Achilles' armor into battle, but is killed by Hector. In revenge, Achilles ends his feud and returns to the fighting, killing Hector. The epic concludes with Hector's funeral.
The Greek timeline document outlines the major periods in ancient Greek history from 8000 BCE to 776 BCE. It describes the earliest evidence of burials in Greece from 7250 BCE and the development of settlements, fortifications, and the earliest "Megaron House" between 7000-3400 BCE. Several important Bronze Age civilizations like the Minoans and Mycenaeans arose between 3000-1100 BCE, with sites like Knossos and Mycenae featuring palaces and frescoes. Linear B writing developed around 1450 BCE. The Trojan War and Dark Ages followed between 1250-750 BCE.
The document provides background information on several topics from Greek mythology. It discusses the epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey attributed to Homer, which describe events during the Trojan War. It also summarizes information on key figures from Greek mythology like Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Aphrodite, Hades, Ares, Athena, Hermes, Poseidon, and Hephaestus. Ancient Greece and locations like Troy are also briefly outlined.
The document provides background information on Homer's epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey. It discusses that Homer, a Greek poet from around 900-801 BCE, wrote about events in the Trojan War in The Iliad and the journey of Odysseus returning home after the war in The Odyssey. It also provides context around the war itself, describing how Paris's abduction of Helen launched the Greeks' attack on Troy that lasted 10 years and ended when Odysseus devised the plan to hide Greek soldiers inside the Trojan Horse.
The document summarizes the plot of the Greek myth "The Trojan War" as presented in a powerpoint. It describes how the war began due to a conflict between goddesses over a golden apple, which led Paris to kidnap Helen from Sparta. In response, Menelaus gathered Greek forces to attack Troy. Key characters introduced include Achilles, Hector, and their roles in major battles during the 10 year siege. The summary concludes with Hector's death at the hands of Achilles and Priam retrieving Hector's body.
The document provides an overview of Ancient Greece, noting that the Minoan civilization collapsed while the Mycenaean civilization flourished between 1600-1100 BCE. It mentions that the Greeks used the Iliad and Odyssey to present ideals of courage, honor, and excellence. The Dark Age of Greece ended around 750 BCE, and Greece occupied a small area like Louisiana with mountain ranges and small plains, leading to rivalry and warfare between independent communities while its long coastline spread Greek civilization.
Ancient Greece consisted of a mountainous peninsula and over 2,000 islands in the Mediterranean Sea that lacked good farming land except in Crete. The isolated city-states developed separately, with the advanced Minoan civilization on Crete followed by the seafaring Mycenaeans. Athens and Sparta emerged as the dominant city-states, with Athens developing a direct democracy and Sparta emphasizing its powerful military. The Greeks later fought off the Persians in battles like Marathon and Salamis, then formed the Delian League alliance. Alexander the Great then conquered the Persian Empire and spread Greek culture across his vast new empire before his early death.
The document provides background information on the ancient Greek epic poem The Iliad. It summarizes the major characters, both human and divine, and key events in the plot, including the origins of the Trojan War in the Judgement of Paris and abduction of Helen, the stalemate after nine years of fighting, and important battles like between Hector and Ajax. It also outlines the objectives to critique characters and interpret significant events and symbols in the epic.
The Trojan War began after Paris of Troy stole Menelaus' wife Helen. This started a 10 year war between the Achaeans and the city of Troy. The Greeks were unable to overcome Troy's strong walls until Odysseus devised a plan to hide Greek warriors in a large hollow wooden horse. The Trojans brought the horse inside their walls, allowing the Greeks to emerge and conquer Troy, ending the long conflict.
The document provides a summary of key facts and themes from Homer's epic poem The Iliad. The Iliad chronicles the final year of the Trojan War and focuses on the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon and its consequences. Chief motivations for the war include the pursuit of glory, pride, and the glory of battle contrasted with the horror of war. Recurring themes include the glory of war, military values taking precedence over family, and the impermanence of human life.
The document discusses the history of Roman literature in three periods. The first period from 240-80 BC saw the development of drama, epics, satire and prose influenced by Greek models. The golden age from 80 BC to AD 14 represented the highest excellence in prose and poetry, including famous writers like Cicero, Sallust and Caesar. The third period from AD 14 to 180 saw a decline with the loss of freedom and interest in public life, though literature remained popular among some. Major Roman and Greek gods and goddesses are also listed with brief descriptions of their domains.
Greece's mountainous geography led to the development of independent city-states. The Minoan civilization established the first complex society on Crete in the Bronze Age. The Mycenaeans created the first Greek state, consisting of powerful monarchies living within walled cities. They had a warrior culture and traded widely. Homer's epic poems, the Iliad and Odyssey, emerged from the subsequent Dark Age and taught Greek values like courage and honor.
The document provides an overview of the Trojan War based on classical Greek myths. It discusses the war's origins in the Judgment of Paris and abduction of Helen, the key events and heroes of the 10-year war, and the aftermath faced by the Greeks as they returned home, including the influence of the war on the House of Atreus. The myths surrounding the Trojan War were highly influential sources of inspiration for later Greek and Roman literature.
The ancient Egyptians are famous for their religion, burial practices, and advances in art, writing, and science. They worshipped many gods and built elaborate temples to honor them. They also developed the practice of mummification to preserve bodies for the afterlife and built elaborate tombs like the pyramids. The Egyptians made great advances in art through wall paintings and sculptures, developed hieroglyphic writing, and architecture like the pyramids showed their skill in building. Daily life involved farming along the Nile River and most lived simply, while the pharaoh and priests had high social status.
Alexander the Great was a student of Aristotle who became King of Macedonia at age 20 after his father Philip II was murdered. Over the next decade, Alexander conquered one of the largest empires in the ancient world by defeating Darius of Persia and expanding his empire across Asia Minor and into Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India. However, his troops rebelled and refused to advance further into India. Alexander established many new cities and spread Greek culture throughout his empire before dying mysteriously at age 33, after which his empire was divided among three of his generals.
The document provides information about ancient Egypt, including:
1) The origin and meaning of the name "Egypt" which comes from the ancient capital Memphis meaning "Castle of the soul of Ptah."
2) Key details about Egyptian civilization and its beginnings along the Nile River around 5500 BCE.
3) Important aspects of Egyptian culture like hieroglyphic writing, astronomy, architectural wonders like the pyramids of Giza, and the Great Library of Alexandria.
4) Features of Egyptian religion such as their polytheistic beliefs and some of the most prominent gods like Amun-Ra, Osiris, Anubis, Ra, and Horus.
Challenges of Sustainable Development in Qatar and the World 1Galala University
The document discusses sustainable development in Qatar and the challenges it faces. It begins with an activity where participants define what sustainable development means to them in their respective fields. It then discusses definitions of sustainable development and the three pillars of environment, economy and social equity. Challenges facing Qatar are discussed, including population growth, limited resources, urban development issues and upcoming projects like the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Solutions discussed include Qatar's Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the economy and improve standards of living through pillars of economic, social, human and environmental development.
The ancient Greeks left many lasting legacies in various areas including architecture, epics, theater, mythology, philosophy, science, medicine, athletics and democracy. Some key legacies mentioned are the development of democracy in Athens, trial by jury, epic poems like the Iliad and Odyssey, Greek mythology, theatrical traditions of tragedy and comedy, the Olympic games, architectural styles using columns, the Socratic method of teaching, classification of living things, the scientific method, and the Hippocratic oath for physicians.
Ancient Greece was located in southeastern Europe surrounded by water and mountains. Its climate was moderated by the Mediterranean Sea, resulting in hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. Greek civilization began around 2000 BC and was organized into independent city-states like Athens and Sparta. Notable periods included the Golden Age in Athens from 477-431 BC and the Hellenistic Age after Alexander the Great's conquest in 334 BC. Daily life centered around agriculture of crops like olives, grapes, and barley. Society was patriarchal and divided between aristocrats, farmers, and slaves. Religion involved worship of many gods through animal sacrifices.
This document provides an overview of Greek civilization. It describes the geography of Greece and how the seas and mountains shaped settlement patterns. It discusses the early Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations, including the fall of the Minoans due to a volcanic eruption. The document then covers the Dark Ages period and the epics of Homer, before examining the differences between the city-states of Sparta and Athens. It provides details on the forms of government in Athens, from monarchy to democracy under Solon and Cleisthenes.
The document provides an overview of ancient Greek civilization from approximately 3000-332 BCE. It discusses the Minoan and Mycenaean cultures, including art, architecture, and mythology. It also describes the rise of the Greek city-states and their unification against the Persians in the 5th century BCE. Key figures mentioned include Homer, whose epics defined Greek mythology, and landmarks such as the Parthenon and Temple of Zeus.
The Iliad by Homer tells the story of the Trojan War. It focuses on the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon and its consequences. When Agamemnon takes Briseis, one of Achilles' war prizes, Achilles withdraws from battle in protest. Without Achilles, the Greeks are pushed back by the Trojans led by Hector. Patroclus wears Achilles' armor into battle, but is killed by Hector. In revenge, Achilles ends his feud and returns to the fighting, killing Hector. The epic concludes with Hector's funeral.
The Greek timeline document outlines the major periods in ancient Greek history from 8000 BCE to 776 BCE. It describes the earliest evidence of burials in Greece from 7250 BCE and the development of settlements, fortifications, and the earliest "Megaron House" between 7000-3400 BCE. Several important Bronze Age civilizations like the Minoans and Mycenaeans arose between 3000-1100 BCE, with sites like Knossos and Mycenae featuring palaces and frescoes. Linear B writing developed around 1450 BCE. The Trojan War and Dark Ages followed between 1250-750 BCE.
The document provides background information on several topics from Greek mythology. It discusses the epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey attributed to Homer, which describe events during the Trojan War. It also summarizes information on key figures from Greek mythology like Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Aphrodite, Hades, Ares, Athena, Hermes, Poseidon, and Hephaestus. Ancient Greece and locations like Troy are also briefly outlined.
The document provides background information on Homer's epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey. It discusses that Homer, a Greek poet from around 900-801 BCE, wrote about events in the Trojan War in The Iliad and the journey of Odysseus returning home after the war in The Odyssey. It also provides context around the war itself, describing how Paris's abduction of Helen launched the Greeks' attack on Troy that lasted 10 years and ended when Odysseus devised the plan to hide Greek soldiers inside the Trojan Horse.
The document summarizes the plot of the Greek myth "The Trojan War" as presented in a powerpoint. It describes how the war began due to a conflict between goddesses over a golden apple, which led Paris to kidnap Helen from Sparta. In response, Menelaus gathered Greek forces to attack Troy. Key characters introduced include Achilles, Hector, and their roles in major battles during the 10 year siege. The summary concludes with Hector's death at the hands of Achilles and Priam retrieving Hector's body.
The document provides an overview of Ancient Greece, noting that the Minoan civilization collapsed while the Mycenaean civilization flourished between 1600-1100 BCE. It mentions that the Greeks used the Iliad and Odyssey to present ideals of courage, honor, and excellence. The Dark Age of Greece ended around 750 BCE, and Greece occupied a small area like Louisiana with mountain ranges and small plains, leading to rivalry and warfare between independent communities while its long coastline spread Greek civilization.
Ancient Greece consisted of a mountainous peninsula and over 2,000 islands in the Mediterranean Sea that lacked good farming land except in Crete. The isolated city-states developed separately, with the advanced Minoan civilization on Crete followed by the seafaring Mycenaeans. Athens and Sparta emerged as the dominant city-states, with Athens developing a direct democracy and Sparta emphasizing its powerful military. The Greeks later fought off the Persians in battles like Marathon and Salamis, then formed the Delian League alliance. Alexander the Great then conquered the Persian Empire and spread Greek culture across his vast new empire before his early death.
The document provides background information on the ancient Greek epic poem The Iliad. It summarizes the major characters, both human and divine, and key events in the plot, including the origins of the Trojan War in the Judgement of Paris and abduction of Helen, the stalemate after nine years of fighting, and important battles like between Hector and Ajax. It also outlines the objectives to critique characters and interpret significant events and symbols in the epic.
The Trojan War began after Paris of Troy stole Menelaus' wife Helen. This started a 10 year war between the Achaeans and the city of Troy. The Greeks were unable to overcome Troy's strong walls until Odysseus devised a plan to hide Greek warriors in a large hollow wooden horse. The Trojans brought the horse inside their walls, allowing the Greeks to emerge and conquer Troy, ending the long conflict.
The document provides a summary of key facts and themes from Homer's epic poem The Iliad. The Iliad chronicles the final year of the Trojan War and focuses on the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon and its consequences. Chief motivations for the war include the pursuit of glory, pride, and the glory of battle contrasted with the horror of war. Recurring themes include the glory of war, military values taking precedence over family, and the impermanence of human life.
The document discusses the history of Roman literature in three periods. The first period from 240-80 BC saw the development of drama, epics, satire and prose influenced by Greek models. The golden age from 80 BC to AD 14 represented the highest excellence in prose and poetry, including famous writers like Cicero, Sallust and Caesar. The third period from AD 14 to 180 saw a decline with the loss of freedom and interest in public life, though literature remained popular among some. Major Roman and Greek gods and goddesses are also listed with brief descriptions of their domains.
Greece's mountainous geography led to the development of independent city-states. The Minoan civilization established the first complex society on Crete in the Bronze Age. The Mycenaeans created the first Greek state, consisting of powerful monarchies living within walled cities. They had a warrior culture and traded widely. Homer's epic poems, the Iliad and Odyssey, emerged from the subsequent Dark Age and taught Greek values like courage and honor.
The document provides an overview of the Trojan War based on classical Greek myths. It discusses the war's origins in the Judgment of Paris and abduction of Helen, the key events and heroes of the 10-year war, and the aftermath faced by the Greeks as they returned home, including the influence of the war on the House of Atreus. The myths surrounding the Trojan War were highly influential sources of inspiration for later Greek and Roman literature.
The ancient Egyptians are famous for their religion, burial practices, and advances in art, writing, and science. They worshipped many gods and built elaborate temples to honor them. They also developed the practice of mummification to preserve bodies for the afterlife and built elaborate tombs like the pyramids. The Egyptians made great advances in art through wall paintings and sculptures, developed hieroglyphic writing, and architecture like the pyramids showed their skill in building. Daily life involved farming along the Nile River and most lived simply, while the pharaoh and priests had high social status.
Alexander the Great was a student of Aristotle who became King of Macedonia at age 20 after his father Philip II was murdered. Over the next decade, Alexander conquered one of the largest empires in the ancient world by defeating Darius of Persia and expanding his empire across Asia Minor and into Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India. However, his troops rebelled and refused to advance further into India. Alexander established many new cities and spread Greek culture throughout his empire before dying mysteriously at age 33, after which his empire was divided among three of his generals.
The document provides information about ancient Egypt, including:
1) The origin and meaning of the name "Egypt" which comes from the ancient capital Memphis meaning "Castle of the soul of Ptah."
2) Key details about Egyptian civilization and its beginnings along the Nile River around 5500 BCE.
3) Important aspects of Egyptian culture like hieroglyphic writing, astronomy, architectural wonders like the pyramids of Giza, and the Great Library of Alexandria.
4) Features of Egyptian religion such as their polytheistic beliefs and some of the most prominent gods like Amun-Ra, Osiris, Anubis, Ra, and Horus.
Challenges of Sustainable Development in Qatar and the World 1Galala University
The document discusses sustainable development in Qatar and the challenges it faces. It begins with an activity where participants define what sustainable development means to them in their respective fields. It then discusses definitions of sustainable development and the three pillars of environment, economy and social equity. Challenges facing Qatar are discussed, including population growth, limited resources, urban development issues and upcoming projects like the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Solutions discussed include Qatar's Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the economy and improve standards of living through pillars of economic, social, human and environmental development.
The ancient Greeks left many lasting legacies in various areas including architecture, epics, theater, mythology, philosophy, science, medicine, athletics and democracy. Some key legacies mentioned are the development of democracy in Athens, trial by jury, epic poems like the Iliad and Odyssey, Greek mythology, theatrical traditions of tragedy and comedy, the Olympic games, architectural styles using columns, the Socratic method of teaching, classification of living things, the scientific method, and the Hippocratic oath for physicians.
The document summarizes the branches of government in the United States and Athens. The United States has three branches - legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch passes laws and is made up of the House of Representatives and Senate. The executive branch is headed by the President. The judicial branch includes federal courts. Athens also had three branches of government and practiced direct democracy with citizens and councils involved in legislative decision making. However, in Athens only male citizens could vote, whereas women and slaves could not.
This document discusses the many legacies and influences of ancient Rome that are still present in modern society. It notes that many common words in English come from Latin, the language of Rome, and that Latin shaped the development of several modern European languages. Architecturally, Roman innovations like vaults, columns, domes and arches can still be seen in buildings today. Rome also had a significant influence on modern government, law, sports, Christianity, and culture. The document aims to illustrate how deeply Rome impacted Western civilization and the many ways its contributions are still visible in our world today.
Pericles led Athens to its height of power and democracy in the 5th century BCE. He built on reforms started by earlier leaders who established democratic institutions like the Assembly and courts with greater citizen participation. Pericles passed laws allowing payment for participation, expanding democracy. He brought Athens its Golden Age and led it as a naval power until his death, after which it declined following its defeat in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta.
The document summarizes the mythological story of the Trojan War. It describes how Paris's judgment in favor of Aphrodite led to him taking Helen from Sparta, sparking the war. The key Greek and Trojan figures are identified, such as Agamemnon, Achilles, Hector and Paris. Major events of the war are recounted, including Achilles' wrath, the deaths of Patroclus and Hector, and the trick of the Trojan Horse. The document concludes by noting the importance of the story to the founding of Rome through Aeneas, who fled the fallen Troy.
The document discusses several legacies and influences from ancient Greece that are still present today. Some key legacies discussed include democracy, which originated in Athens; trial by jury; Greek epics written by authors like Homer; Greek mythology involving gods and goddesses; the origins of theater; and the Olympic games. Architecture is also discussed as being influenced by Greek styles using columns. The document provides examples of these concepts and how they have continued to influence modern society.
- The document discusses the importance of preserving open spaces and vegetation in urban planning to balance environmental, social and economic needs. It notes trees and vegetation provide aesthetic, climatic and engineering benefits.
- It outlines various values and benefits of trees related to architecture, climate, site development and engineering like moderating temperatures, intercepting rainfall, stabilizing soils and reducing pollution. Trees also have economic and legal value by enhancing property values.
- Jurisdictions have enacted preservation ordinances to balance development with resource protection. Successful preservation must integrate into early planning stages rather than be retrofitted later. Proper protection of trees during construction is also important to prevent root damage.
In 1970’s public awareness in Germany developed that
“The Environment is an asset worth protecting”
The damage to: Historic Buildings, Health and, Nature
and growing concern about high level of Energy consumption raised doubts as to whether current production methods and lifestyle could be maintained.
Most people are aware that the limits of growth have been reached and are convinced that we should not carry on as before if we wish to prevent an “Environmental disaster”
How can Economic growth and prosperity be compatible with sustainable use of Natural resources
Growth and consumption is coming up against limits. What the richest 10% of the world population consumes in Energy, Land, Water, Air and other natural assets – directly or indirectly, can not be extended to the 90% without the Earth collapsing ecologically.
The days of the century of economic development are numbered, whether we like it or not, we are entering the
Century of the environment
Urban and regional planning in India faces several issues and challenges. According to the document, planning is a joint responsibility of central and state governments, though land is a state subject, giving states a prominent role in implementation. The planning process involves preparation of state and regional perspective plans, district/metropolitan development plans, and master plans. Institutional issues include the need for statutory timeframes for plan formulation, implementation, and review. The document proposes amendments to state planning acts and restructuring planning institutions, and identifies major issues like lack of coordination, inadequate implementation and enforcement, and need for inclusive and integrated planning that addresses economic and environmental sustainability concerns.
Roman architecture was influenced by the cultures they conquered, including the practical functionalism of early Italian cultures, the urban planning of the Etruscans, and the art, philosophy and literature of the Greeks. Roman architecture is characterized by monumentality, technical advances, and integration of beauty with practicality. Buildings were constructed with various vaulting techniques and durable materials like stone, concrete and brick. Roman cities had defined urban plans centered around forums and crossed by main roads, and included infrastructure like aqueducts, bridges and harbors. Major building types included temples, basilicas, baths, theatres, amphitheatres and circuses.
The document provides an overview of Greek architecture from the Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods. It describes the three classical orders of architecture - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian - and their characteristic elements. It also discusses various building types including temples, public buildings, and the importance of proportion and optics in Greek architectural design.
The document provides an overview of classical Greek civilization and its influence. It summarizes key aspects like the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations, important figures like Agamemnon and Achilles, and literary works like the Iliad, Odyssey, and tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. It also discusses the development of democracy in Athens and contrasts it with the militaristic society of Sparta.
- Early civilizations arose along river valleys in Mesopotamia and Egypt as early as 3000 BC, developing writing, laws, money, and complex social hierarchies. Many collapsed around 1200 BC.
- Subsequent civilizations included the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Phoenicians, and various Egyptian dynasties. The Phoenicians developed the first alphabet.
- Greek civilization flourished beginning in the 8th century BC. Athens and Sparta rose as powerful city-states, engaging in wars with Persia. Athenian culture and philosophy flourished with figures like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
- The Romans adopted many aspects of Greek culture while
The Minoan civilization flourished on the island of Crete between 2700-1400 BC and was named after King Minos. It was a sea-trading culture whose success was based on commerce rather than military conquest. They had contact with Egypt and Mesopotamia and adapted foreign ideas. The Minoans built an elaborate palace complex at Knossos decorated with colorful frescoes providing insight into their society. Around 1400 BC, the Minoan civilization vanished possibly due to a natural disaster. The Mycenaeans then dominated the Aegean from 1400-1200 BC and were involved in the historic Trojan War around 1250 BC, as described in Homer's epic poems the Iliad and O
The document provides an introduction to Greek mythology, including key events and figures. It discusses how the Greek poet Homer composed the epics The Iliad and The Odyssey around 750 BCE. It also summarizes the origins of some early Greek gods like Gaia, Uranus, Cronus, and Zeus. It briefly describes some common themes in Greek myths like incest, punishment of humans, and relationships between gods and mortals.
The document provides an overview of ancient Greece. It discusses the geography of Greece and the influence of the seas and mountains. It describes the Mycenaeans and their contact with the Minoans, including adopting Minoan writing and designs. It mentions the Trojan Wars and Homer writing epic poems celebrating heroes. It reviews the development of city-states and different forms of government. It outlines the Persian Wars and battles like Thermopylae and Salamis. It discusses the Golden Age of Athens under Pericles and accomplishments in strengthening democracy, empire, and glorifying the city through architecture and art.
The Trojan War began when Paris, a Trojan prince, chose Aphrodite as the fairest goddess and was rewarded with Helen, the most beautiful woman in the world. This started the war, as Helen was already married to Menelaus, king of Sparta. The Greeks laid siege to Troy for ten years to retrieve Helen. Many heroes fought on both sides, including Achilles for the Greeks and Hector for the Trojans. Eventually, the Greeks feigned retreat and hid soldiers inside a large wooden horse. That night, they emerged and destroyed Troy from within, ending the long war.
This document discusses warrior cultures in ancient Greece and the Iliad. It explains that ancient cultures like Greece were necessarily warrior cultures due to constant threats of war and invasion. The Iliad depicted a warrior culture where heroes fought for honor, glory, and fame. The gods also closely followed great warriors and influenced battles. The document provides context on the Trojan War background and the plot of the Iliad. It analyzes how epics like the Iliad may have been memorized and recited orally before being written down, influencing Greek culture.
The document provides information on the differences between ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. It discusses differences in art styles, with Greeks favoring perfection and Romans realism. It also contrasts how the Greeks established colonies while the Romans built an empire through conquest. The Greeks created independent city-states while the Romans united a large territory under a central government. The Greeks spoke Greek and the Romans spoke Latin.
The document provides background information on Homer and his epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey. It discusses that Homer was likely an oral poet from Ionia in the 8th century BC. While his birthplace is unknown, seven cities claim him. The Iliad recounts the final year of the Trojan War, said to have been started when Paris chose Aphrodite and abducted Helen from Menelaus. The summary briefly outlines the start of the war and some key events and characters in the Iliad like Achilles and his refusal to fight.
The document provides an overview of Greek and Roman civilizations, including their influence on theater, the Olympic games, and architecture. It discusses key events and aspects of ancient Greek culture such as the Battle of Marathon, origins of the Olympic Games, Greek geography, professions, and the mixing of Minoan and Mycenaean cultures. It also covers the Greek "Dark Ages", poets and heroes like Homer, Persian Wars, the Golden Age of Greece under Pericles, and the decline of Greek power followed by the rise of Alexander the Great.
Everything about GREECE is here like
1. Greek Civilization
2. Greek Culture
3. Greek Mythology
and much more about GREECE
The whole Presentation contains songs too and at the end there is a National anthem of GREECE.
We cannot truly understand the culture of the ancient Greeks, and Greek philosophy, culture and history, and also the Western philosophical tradition, without becoming familiar with Homer’s works, the Iliad and the Odyssey.
The Iliad and Odyssey depict a warrior culture. All ancient cultures were warrior cultures out of necessity. War was a deadly business, if an ancient city-state lost a major war, often the men would be slain, and the women and children would be sold into slavery. Most of the slaves of the ancient world were either captured by pirates or enslaved during war.
Both ancient Rome and Ancient Greece were warrior cultures, the cultures of the nations of Israel and Judah in the Old Testament were warrior cultures, and all ancient and medieval cultures were warrior cultures until the rise of the modern nation-state. To properly interpret Greek Philosophy and History, the Western Philosophical tradition, and the Old Testament, we must realize that these ancient cultures were rooted in a warrior ethos.
The blogs on the Iliad and the Odyssey start with, and include:
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/iliad_blog01/
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/category/iliad-and-odyssey/
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Masterpieces of Ancient Greek Literature Audible recording, by David J. Schenker The Great Courses
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The blogs on the Iliad and the Odyssey start with, and include:
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http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/category/iliad-and-odyssey/
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The document provides information about ancient Greece, including:
- The history of Greece can be traced back to Stone Age hunters and early farmers like the Minoans and Mycenaeans. Greece later experienced invasions and wars during the Dark Ages.
- Important sites in Greece include the Acropolis in Athens, home to structures like the Parthenon. Greek culture and religion centered around temples built in classical styles.
- The Greeks held athletic competitions like the Olympics to honor the gods. Arts and philosophy also flourished in Greek civilization.
- The document discusses key figures and periods in ancient Greek history like the Greco-Persian Wars, Alexander the Great, and important philosophers, scientists
Homer was believed to have been blind and lived in the 700s BC on the Greek island of Chios. He wrote two important literary works - The Iliad and The Odyssey. The Iliad tells the story of the Trojan War and how Helen was taken from her husband Menelaus, starting the war. The Odyssey describes Odysseus' journey home after the war.
1. Ancient Greece had a geography conducive to developing a maritime culture, with islands and coastlines throughout the Mediterranean. Greek civilization expanded greatly under Alexander the Great.
2. Greek history is divided into periods - Bronze Age, Dark Ages, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic. Important city-states included Athens and Sparta, which dominated Classical Greece through military achievements but eventually rivaled each other in the Peloponnesian War.
3. Greek society was stratified, with citizens, foreigners, slaves. Citizens had political rights and duties like military service. Religion was personal and present in all aspects of life, with the Olympian gods central. Greek culture made major contributions to philosophy, literature
The document provides an overview of classical Greece from 500-339 BC. It summarizes that this period was known as the classical period and golden age of Greece, centered in Athens. It describes Athens expanding power and influence through the Delian League until its defeat in the Peloponnesian War by Sparta. Daily life, drama, art, architecture, history, and music from this era are then briefly outlined.
His 101 chapter 4 the greek world expands 400-150 b.c.e. spring 17dcyw1112
Philip II united the Greek city-states under Macedonian rule in the 4th century BCE. His son, Alexander the Great, expanded the empire greatly through his military conquests from Greece to India. After Alexander's death, his generals divided the empire among themselves, establishing three major Hellenistic kingdoms - Ptolemaic Egypt, Seleucid Asia, and Antigonid Macedon and Greece. This period saw major developments in science, philosophy, and the arts that helped spread Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean world and beyond.
The document provides background information on Homer's epic poem "The Iliad". It summarizes that the poem tells the story of Achilles and how his anger brings disaster, with Achilles as the central figure. It then provides details on Achilles' background and role in the Trojan War, explaining how he refused to fight after a dispute with Agamemnon but later sought revenge for the death of his friend Patroclus. The document also gives context about Homer as the presumed author and discusses cultural influences from Ancient Greek society that are depicted in the poem, such as the role of gods, sacrifice, hospitality, oaths, and burial rites.
Similar to Ancient Greece - Hoke - Greco-Roman History (20)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
2. Introduction
Ways to look at history:
P – Political/Military
E – Economic
R – Religion
S – Social (The family unit)
I – Intellectual (Greeks invented history, philosophy and drama)
A – Artistic
6. What will this class cover?
This class will cover Greek history from 3000 to 323 BC
Chronology:
6000-3000 – Neolithic
3000-2000 – Early Bronze Age (EBA)
2000-1500 – Middle Bronze Age (MBA)
1500-1100 – Late Bronze Age (LBA)
1100-800 – Greek Dark Ages
800-500 – Archaic Age
500-323 – Classical Age
323-30 – Hellenistic Age
The Rise of Rome - 8th C. BCE
The Roman Republic 509 BCE – 44 CE
The Roman Empire 44 – 476 CE
The Fall of Rome – 476 CE
7. Neolithic (6000-3000 BC)
Around 6000 people settled into small communities
Farming was introduced
No idea on what language they spoke
8. Early Bronze Age (3000-2000)
New people arrived
Used bronze to create tools and weapons
Bronze spread from Near East (Egypt) to Greece
No writing
9. Middle Bronze Age (2000-
1500)
Around 2000 the first Greek people arrived
Architecture looks different
New pottery
Horses introduced
10. Late Bronze Age (1500-
1100)
Huge changes
No ‘new’ people
Acceleration of MBA technology
Mycenae (MY SEE NEE) – largest city with fortified walls
(meant war existed)
Destruction of Troy by invaders around 1200
Aggressive warlike people
Clay tablets found show evidence of language – Linear A
15. Dark Ages (1100-800)
Bronze Age system collapses
Coming of the sea people occurred all over the Eastern Mediterranean
Bronze age sites abandoned
Many theories – climate, war, economics?
Lost ¾ of the population
Dorians arrived around 1100
No writing
Architecture takes a hit
Pottery is boring
Big Setback for civilization
16. Archaic (800-500)
Given the name ‘Archaic’ simply because it comes
before the classical period
Exciting period in history
Emergence of new civilization
Olympics (776 BC)
Alphabet introduced
Democracy (508 BC)
First works of Western Lit – Homer (Iliad & Odyssey)
18. Classical (500-323)
Persian Wars (500-479)
Rome founded (476)
Persian Empire – huge and aggressive
3 to 4 times the size of Greece
Ends with Alexander the Great (323)
20. Resources/Geography
of Greece
Greece is arid and semi-tropical
Difficult to grow crops
Sea was the ‘GREAT CONNECTOR’ allowing
vast trade
Wars were fought over three things: Food, timber
and mining (gold and silver)
21. Bronze Age: Troy in Fact & Fiction
Reality of Troy
10,000 – 20,000 population
Heavily fortified
Center of trade/textile manufacturing
Place of interest to superpowers (Hittites/Greeks)
Trojans were Hittites or vassals of the Hittite state
Trojans charged a tariff to pass though the Hellespont
28. Beginning of Archaeology
Sir Arthur Evans discovered the Minoan
civilization on the island of Crete
Michael Ventris deciphered Linear B in 1952
Heinrich Schliemann – Excavated both Mycenae
and Troy
29. Heinrich Schliemann
1870s – Excavated Mycenae and Troy
Not a scholar
Brilliant, wealthy businessman
His passion was to prove that Troy existed
Smuggled treasures out of Turkey (to Germany)
After Troy he went to Mycenae in Greece
The Greeks supervised the excavation to make sure
that the treasure was not stolen
32. Homer
First author of Western Civilization
Passed stories down through songs
Oral dictated text
Iliad
Odyssey
Both poems published around 725 BC
33. Greek Gods
The Greeks were Henotheistic
Henotheism – Belief in one supreme god among
many
Zeus – Most powerful god, son of Kronos and
grandson of Ouranos
Married to his sister – Hera
Hyperactive sex-drive
Less moral than most gods
Sidebar – Hesiod - Poet
34. Greek Gods
Kronos, father of Zeus overthrows Ouranos
Kronos fearing that one of his children will overthrow
him eats all of his children except one (Zeus)
Zeus’ mother Rheina deceives Kronos and smuggles
Zeus to Crete
Zeus overthrows Kronos
Zeus has many offspring who could become a threat
35. Greek Gods
Thetis – Sea-goddess who was destined to bear a
great child
Zeus was afraid so he arranged from Thetis to marry
a human (Peleus) so the child would be a less
powerful Demi-god – Achilles
Eris – Goddess of Discord/Divorce – When she finds
out that she is not invited to the Thetis’ wedding, she
sends a package – a golden apple with the inscription
‘To the most beautiful women’
36. Greek Gods
When Zeus’ wife, Hera and his two daughters, Athena
and Aphrodite all claim the apple, Zeus refused to
select one of the three
Hermes takes the three ladies to Troy to see Paris,
prince of Troy
The three ladies all attempt to bride Paris
Hera offers political control of Asia
Athena offers great military power
Aphrodite offers the love of the most beautiful women
in the world - Helen
37. Helen
Helen had many suitors from all over Greece
Her father allows her to select her husband –
Menelaus, King of Sparta
All other suitors agree to protect Helen if she is
ever harmed or abducted – origin of the Trojan
War
38. Paris, Prince of Troy
Travels to Sparta where he is treated in alignment
with the Greek-Host Code (Treat strangers well)
Menelaus leaves town and while he is away Paris
either elopes with or abducts Helen along with
treasures from the Spartan palace
Menelaus calls on his brother Agamemnon to gather
the troops and retrieve Helen
All the great Greek heroes fight in this war (Culture
of Shame)
39. Odysseus, King of Ithaca
Happily married
Attempted to dodge the draft
Pretends to be mentally ill
Officials took his son – Odysseus decided to fight
The war cost Odysseus 20 years of his life – the
ten year war and another 10 to get home
40.
41. The Trojan War
1225 BC – Date of the Trojan War
1184 BC – Greek date of the Trojan War
Every educated Greco-Roman person knew
Homer and it promoted moral values and allowed
the Greeks to understand their worldview.
The Iliad and the Odyssey were taken in like
mother’s milk
42. The Trojan War
SHAME vs. GUILT (Culture)
10 year saga
All of Helen’s suitors had taken an oath to
retrieve her
Upon the arrival on the shores of Troy, the
Greeks needed food and women
The raided the villages on the Troad (outside of
Troy)
43. The Trojan War
They shared the booty by class
Kings got first dibs
Agamemnon, King of Mycenae and the ruling
king of the Greeks went to the island of gold,
Chryse and took Chryseis as his trophy
concubine
Her father, Chryses, a priest of Apollo came to
Agamemnon and asked for his daughter back
44. The Trojan War
Reading from Book One of the Iliad
Agamemnon to Chryses “Never let me find you again old
man”
Agamemnon added that the girl would be his slave and
then the king sent Chryses on his way
Not long after the Greeks came down with the plague
Nothing in the ancient world happened by change –
EVERYTHING WAS ATRIBUTED TO THE GODS
46. The Trojan War
Achilles, son of Peleus and Thetis called a meeting to
discuss the plague and how the Greeks could get
back into good graces with the gods
Kalchus, a priest – sidebar (Agamemnon’s daughter)
Kalchus told Agamemnon to give back Chryseis to her
father
Agamemnon returned the girl and then took Achilles
concubine, Briseis
Achilles decided to return home and he took his
Myrmidons with him
47. Trojan War
There are 24 Books in the Iliad and
Achilles does not return until Book 19 –
Culture of Shame
Achilles returns when his best friend,
Patroklos was killed by Hecktor and
Agamemnon agreed to return Chyseis to
her father (Sidebar – Religion)
48. Heroic Code – Homer – Book 6 – Iliad
Hektor goes back to Troy to see his wife,
Andromache and son, Astyanax.
Andromache’s entire family was wiped out by
Greek raids in the Troad.
Andromache asks Hektor to fight defensively
and stay inside the walls of Troy.
49. Heroic Code – Homer – Book 6 – Iliad
Hektor says he would feel deep shame if he did
not fight for his father, King Priam and the people
of Troy.
Hektor knew that the Trojans would eventually be
defeated, his wife enslaved and still he fought.
This was the last time that the family would be
together.
Hektor lived and died by the Heroic Code to avoid
SHAME.
50. Heroic Code
Sarpedon and his sidekick Glauckos were nobles
from Lykia.
At the time the Trojans were winning the war and
the Greeks were forced to build walls to protect
the ships.
Glauckos catches Sarpedon hanging back from
the battle and then asks him why they have such
great things at home?
Glauckos them says we earn them here on the
battlefield.
51. Heroic Code
Noblesse Obliqe – Nobility Obligates
The theory was that you may die anyway so one
should achieve glory while going to their death.
Glory is compensation in a culture of SHAME
and allows men to live on in the minds of men.
52. Helen – Book 3 – Iliad
Description of Helen
Old men – advisors of King Priam
These men feel the beauty of Helen without
describing her
The reader is allowed to visualize their own Helen
53. The Iliad
The Iliad ends when the Greeks deceive the Trojans
Greek soldiers hide inside the large wooden horse and
seemingly return to Greece
The horse, an offering to the Gods is brought inside the
Walls of Troy
The Trojans celebrate, get dunk and go to bed
54. The Iliad
As the Trojans slept, the Greeks emerged from
the horse, swung over the gates and let in their
comrades
Troy was sacked, burned to the ground, its men
killed to the man, the women and children
enslaved
55. End of Unit #1
What did you learn?
Chronological history of Greek history from 6000 BC to 30 BC
& Location of prominent locations in Greece and Asia Minor
The story of the Trojan War
A basic understanding of the Greek Gods
There will be two quizzes this week
Quiz #1 will cover the Chronology/Map – Wednesday
Quiz #2 will cover the Trojan War and Greek Gods - Friday
Exam #1 – Next Wednesday (Review on Tuesday)
56. Unit #2: Archaic I
The Polis – ‘City-centered state’
Controls region or territory
Plural – Poleis
Politeia – Constitution;
The Greeks had no written constitution.
It worked on precedence. This is the system of governance
of the city-state.
57. Greece - Hellas
Modern greece is about the size of michigan
700’s – Greece had around 600 city-states.
Each one an independent country.
The average size of the city-state was 80 square
miles.
60. Branches of government
Advisory – Elders from prominent families
Athens (2 Advisory Boards) Sparta
Areopagus Gerousia
Elders (30 members – 2 Kings
and 28 others 60 or older)
Boule
62. athens
Located in Attica (Peninsula)
4 miles from the sea
About the size of Rhode Island or 1,000 square
miles
Synoikismos – Living together/Allegiance to
Athens
The larger territory of Athens gave them an
advantage in manpower and Athens was on its
way to becoming a great naval power
67. Athens – Archon system
Replaces monarchs at the end of the dark ages
(except Sparta & macedonia)
We do not know how the kings fell
68. Athens – Archon system
Term limit – 1 year (typically)
Could run once for archon
Power is compartmentalized
Nine archons elected each year
Must be at least 30 years old to serve as an
archon (usually older)
69. Athens - Nine archons
One – Eponymous Archon – Leading archon
Six - thesmothetae – Law Givers/Enforcement
One - king Archon – Head of state religion
Kept gods on their side
Organized festivals
One - polemarchos – Head of military
70. Areopagus – Athenian Council
Once a man spent one year as an archon he
then moved into the areopagus for life
Archons used the areopagus as an advisory
board
71. Athens – 7th c. BC
Total population – estimated 120,000
60,000 women
30,000 children
30,000 – 40,000 adult male citizens
72. Social Economic system
7th century – athens – three classes
1.) Hippeis
Millionaires
Blue bloods – family name was important
Wealthiest class
Raised horses
Income came from fertile land
2-5% of total population (1,000)
Thought of as genetically different
Used the word ‘demos’ (vulgar or scum of the earth) to
describe the other classes
73. Social Economic system
7th century – athens – three classes
2.) Zeugitae
Owned land (not good land)
Just getting by – there is no middle class
Small farmers
40-60% of total population
Became important when men were needed to create
hoplite (infantry) armies
Sometimes starving and in need of help
74. Social Economic system
7th century – athens – three classes
3.) Thetes
Below poverty line
No land
Laborers
Some homeless
40-60% of the population
Slaves
75. Athens – who gets to Vote?
Land owners – Hippeis and zuegitae
Had personal stake in government as landowners
In 594 BC Solon gives the thetes the right to vote
76. Hoplite revolution
in 675 BC pheidon of argos – created the hoplite
army
Prior to 675 bc cavalry was primary and in 675
BC a revolution shifts emphasis from cavalry to
infantry
77. Hoplite warrior
Hoplite – greek infantry warrior
Hoploi – set of armor (panoply)
Hoplite warrior description
Armed in bronze and iron
Greaves (shin guards)
Helmet with felt/leather for cushion
Shield – circular – 20-25 pounds
78. Hoplite warrior weaponry
Hoplite warrior – weapons
Spear – primary
Short sword
All weapons made of bronze or iron
Total pack weight was approx. 70 pounds
79. Hoplite tactics
Phalanx – Block of men – 8 men – 8 rows deep
In blocks of 500 men
Moved in unison
Men must hold rank to be effective
The right side – toughest
When the argives defeated the spartans, the spartans
adopted the hoplite system
Within a generation the hoplite system spread
80. Hoplite tactics
The hoplite was based on force
The men in the middle and in the rear would
push – like a rugby scrum
When the battle was decided, the losers would
turn and run
The victors would mark ‘Troph’ on the spot where
the defeated turned and ran
81. The zeugitae as hoplite
675 bc – right when the zeugitae were having a
difficult time surviving there services were in high
demand to serve as hoplite warriors
82. Hektemoroi – 1/6
Zeugitae became impoverished to the point where the
started to take loans from the hippeis class and later the
zeugitae were forced to pay 1/6 of their crops.
If the debt went unpaid the Hippeis could take the farmer
and or his son(s) as slaves
A member of the zeugitae class could go off to war and
come back and forced into slavery
Potential for revolution
83. Tyranny
Tyrant – (not like hitler or stalin)
Tyranny – In greek it means to come to power illegitimately or unconstitutionally –
not elected/coup de tat
A segment of the hippeis class was disgruntled and led an uprising of Zeugitae
This happened in many city-states in the 7th c BC (AKA – period of tyrants)
There were approximately 600 city-states and most were oligarchies
84. 632 BC - Cylon’s Attempted Tyranny
Cylon – Tyrant
Seized the Athenian Acropolis, 632 BC
Eponymous Archon at the time was Megacles
When Cylon seized the Acropolis his troops did not show up to
support him
Cylon Escapes leaving his small army on their own
Megacles offers the rebels a deal – lay down your arms and
surrender and then into exile
On their way out of Athens, Megacles orders them to be
massacred – the revolt was put down violently
85. 621 BC – Draco & the Law
First written code of law in Athens
Draconian Law – very harsh
Capital punishment for many crimes
Instituted homicide law
Intentional vs. unintentional
Shame-retaliation-vendetta
One could offer compensation to the victim
Lower class benefits – law applied to all
86. 594 BC – Solon – “Seisachteia”
Seis – Seismic
Achth – weight
Eia – off
Solon
Truly wise man
Non-partisan – trusted by both sides
Fair
Selected by hippeis & Zeugatae to reform athens as the
arbitrator
Solon was allowed to fix the system – radical changes
87. Reforms of solon
Canceled debt
Abolished debt slavery
Established the people’s court – trial by jury
Expands citizenship – opens immigration
Created jobs
88. Economic Reforms of solon
Solon forbids sale of grain outside of attica
Shift to olive oil (expensive) production
Wine exported
Three big crops were: Olives, Grapes and Grain
Entrepreneur class entered athens
Solon created jobs – we need another solon!!!!!!
89. Four part social class system - solon
1.) Pentekosiomedimnoi – 500 bushels
2.) Hippeis – 300-499
3.) Zeugitae – 200-299
4.) Thetes - < 200
Allowed for social and economic mobility
90. Solon’s new government
Archons – From first (pente) or second class (Hippeis)
Boule of 400 – from first, second or third classes
All four classes were members of the ekklesia (assembly – all
could vote)
Solon is the grandfather of democracy
Solon goes into exile for 10 years
91. 560 – tyranny in Athens
Peisistratus
First coup failed in 560
Two sons – hipparchus & hippias
546 – Peisistratus brings army to athens and becomes tyrant
Good man
Took financial pressure off the poor
Used personal wealth to help the poor
Vigorous foreign policy
Added public amenities
Patronage of religion and arts
92. Peisistratus - continued
Panatheniac festival to honor athena
Athletic competition
Great prizes
Poetry readings
Religious events
Homer recited
Meat available
Made people feel good to be ‘athenian’
Sense of patriotism
93. Hipparchus
527-514 – When Peisistratus died, his son hipparchus took
power as tyrant in athens
Hipparchus was assassinated in 514 by Harmodius &
Aristogeiton
Homosexual love triangle gone bad
Both assassins are executed
Hipparchus’ brother hippias takes power
95. Hippias 514-510
After hipparchus was assassinated his brother,
hippias took control as tyrant
In 510, with help from the spartans, hippias was
overthrown by the family of megacles – the
alcmaeonids
Hippias was evil and the athenians once again
athens were in need of a new governmental
system
96. Athenians adopt democracy 508
Cleisthenes – father of democracy
Revamp social/economic system into 10 tribes/administrative
districts
10 Archons – 1 from each tribe
Council of 500 – 50 from each tribe
Ten strategos – 1 military general from each tribe
Strategos held the real power over archons
97. 508 – 417 ostracism
Method to head off tyranny
Many popular athenians were ostracized
Ostrakon – pottery shard – used to vote
Assembly met 40 times per year
6,000 votes needed to ostracize
Honorable exile – 1o years
99. Perioikoi
Perioikoi
Those dwelling about in Laconia
Not Spartans
Served as infantry
Allowed to vote
Owned farms
Not allowed to hold public office
25-30% of the population
100. Helots
To Capture (helen)
POWs – Messenia
Owned by the state
Worked the land
Largest % of the population
Posed a threat of revolt