The document discusses key features of ancient Egyptian civilization, including its geography centered around the Nile River, polytheistic religion focused on death and the afterlife, and division of history into the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. It notes Egypt's early unification and stable political conditions allowed its culture to remain largely unchanged for thousands of years, unlike Mesopotamia. Key figures mentioned include King Menes, who united Upper and Lower Egypt, and King Tutankhamun, whose intact tomb was a major archaeological discovery.

1. ANCIENT EGYPT AAAWWWWWWWW YEEEEEEEEEEAHHHH!!!!

2. What are Egypt's geographical features? The Nile River The Delta  (Delta) Desert

3. Hymn to the Nile “ Hail flood! Emerging from the earth, arriving to bring Egypt to life, hidden of form, the darkness in the day, the one whose followers sing to him, as he waters the plants, created by Ra to make every herd live, who satisfies the desert hills removed from the water, for it is his due that descends from the sky.” What can we learn about Egyptian culture from this hymn?

4. Where were all of the ancient Egyptian cities located? Why? Along the Nile River in flooding zones

5. Why is Upper Egypt where it is? Upper Egypt was upriver Upper Egypt was at a higher elevation Back then Egyptians had not concept of North or South

6. King Menes United both Upper and Lower Egypt This was important because it allowed Egyptian culture to thrive under stable political conditions.

7. Why was Egyptian civilization able to last thousands of years, relatively unchanged when Mesopotamian civilization did not last so long? Egypt had even better natural borders, so no natural enemies. The common economy of the Nile The early unification of Upper and Lower Egypt

8. Egyptian Religion

9. Egyptian religion

10. Mono or polytheistic?

11. What were Egyptians concerned with? Death The afterlife

12. How were Egyptian rulers different from Sumerian kings? Sumerian King Egyptian pharaoh

13. How were Egyptian rulers different from Sumerian kings? Agents of God: Ham getting codes Actually gods: pharaoh ruling over

14. Couple of vocab words Dynasty – when a king or other ruler passes their position down in their family and that family is in power for a long time Pharaoh – the Egyptian equivalent of king. The word means “great house” Why does it mean great house? Why do you think people followed the pharaoh’s orders?

15. Egyptian history is divided Three Kingdoms Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom

16. Old Kingdom 3100-2100 BCE King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt The Great Pyramid at Giza built for Khufu Sphinx built for his son Khafre People still don’t know what the Sphinx is

17. Great Pyramid at Giza

18. Herodotus – nice beard, baldy 484-425 BCE The father of History Awesome Wrote Histories , which describes the Great Pyramid at Giza Is Histories a primary or a secondary source?

19. Old Kingdom The pharaoh created a bureacracy What’s that? a form of organization in which officeholders have defined positions and titles. Formal rules specify the duties of the officeholders. The pharaoh had a vizier The vizier was an advisor, governor, and assistant to the pharaoh

20. Middle Kingdom 2050 – 1550 BCE Pharaohs began to care for their public Canals, and dams, and draining swampland Period of great political and social stability Creation of an empire Why are periods of stability usually times of cultural achievement?

21. Hatshepsut – the woman pharaoh Female pharaoh who ruled as a regent for her young son Very successful and powerful leader Why is she depicted like she is on the right here?

22. New Kingdom 1550 – 1070 Egypt becomes the most powerful empire in ancient world Egypt goes through religious shifts Poly-mono-poly King Tut and the Valley of the Kings Elaborate tombs

23. Who was King Tut? Why important? King Tutankhamen who brought back the old polytheistic gods Relatively not special as a king His tomb was found completely intact. This was a HUGE archaeological find

25. King Tut’s Tomb The tomb was densely packed with items in great disarray. Carter was able to photograph garlands of flowers, which disintegrated when touched. Due to the state of the tomb, and to Carter's meticulous recording technique, the tomb took nearly a decade to empty.

29. King Tut’s Tomb Tutankhamun's tomb had been entered at least twice, not long after he was buried and well before Carter's discovery. The outermost doors of the shrines enclosing the king's nested coffins were left opened, and unsealed. It is estimated that 60% of the jewelry which had been stored in the "Treasury" was removed as well.