The document provides information about ancient Egypt, including its economy and society. The Egyptian economy depended heavily on agriculture along the fertile banks of the Nile River, which was used for irrigation, fishing, transportation, and trade. Egyptian society was stratified, with rulers and priests at the top who believed themselves to be gods, and laborers, artisans, and debtors at the bottom. Ancient Egypt reached the height of its power during the New Kingdom period under powerful pharaohs like Hatshepsut, Akhenaten, and Ramses II.

1. ANCIENT EGYPT

2. NILE RIVER
-- longest river in the world
-- flows north to the Mediterranean Sea
-- at the river’s delta, silt is deposited.
-- flooding creates rich farmland
-- floods at predictable times

3. NILE RIVER
What was the weather like in Egypt?
What was the land not near the desert like?
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4. FARMING IN ANCIENT EGYPT
-- irrigation canals were dug to bring water to dry areas
-- in 1600 BC, the shadoof was used to move water
-- Turned wheat into flour and then bread
Lettuce
Onions
Cucumbers
Figs
Grapes
-- wove flax into linen

5. HOUSING IN ANCIENT EGYPT
-- bricks of mud mixed with chopped straw
-- wove sticks and palm for roofs
-- reed mats with linen sheets
-- Nobles: tree-lined courtyards
pools of lotus
blossoms

6. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ECONOMY
-- economy depended on farming
Mining
-- copper and iron for tools & weapons
-- Gold, limestone, granite for tombs & temples
-- turquoise, emerald for jewelry

7. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ECONOMY
Fishing & Hunting
-- lightweight, reed rafts, nets, and harpoons for fishing
-- speared hippos & crocodiles

8. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ECONOMY
Transportation & Trade
-- Nile became a highway
-- reed boats with sails and oars
-- slow & navigable
-- trade created surpluses

9. EGYPTIAN SOCIAL ROLES
Cared for the
Ruler
temples
Believe
Pleased the
d to be Trained in
hieroglyphics gods
a god.
Used a
barter
system
Largest
Group
debtors,
criminals,
prisoners of
war

10. EXPANDING
KNOWLEDGE

11. MATH AND SCIENCE

12. MEDICINE

13. BELIEFS &
RELIGION

14. LIFE AFTER DEATH

15. MIDDLE KINGDOM
 Between 2160 and 2055 BC Egypt gripped by Civil
War
 Pharaoh Mentuhotep II brings stability

16. AMENEMHET I
 Founds Twelfth Dynasty 1985 BC
 Claimed the Prophecy of Neferti foretold of his rise
 His dynasty lasted for 200 years

17. STRENGTH & WEALTH OF THE TWELFTH DYNASTY
 Used military might to extend Egypt’s boundaries
 Sought Nubian gold
 Agriculture grew
 150,000 new acres of farmland created
 Literature and trade grew

18. DECLINE OF THE MIDDLE KINGDOM
-- Asiatics (Asians) move into the eastern Delta
-- Hyksos invade from Palestine & Syria
-- Hyksos conquer Egypt by 1630 BC
-- Rule lasts for 100 years

19. NEW KINGDOM

20. HATSHEPSUT
 First woman pharaoh
 Ruled with stepson
Thutmose III
 Sole ruler by 1472 BC

21. GROWTH OF TRADE
 Hatshepsut uses
trade to grow the
empire
 Traded with an African
land called Punt
 Brought herbs,
spices, scented wood,
live monkeys and
trees used to make
incense back to Egypt

22. LEGACY OF HATSHEPSUT
 Erected many obelisks as an homage to
herself
 Ruled for 15 years
 Perhaps killed by her stepson

23. REFORMING PHARAOH: AKHENATON
 Akhenaton becomes
pharaoh in 1353 BC
 Raises the sun god Aton to
be “top god”
 Priests that served other
gods lost power
 Art during this time become
more realistic

24. REFORM ENDS
 Tutankhamen becomes
pharaoh in 1333 BC
 His advisers convinced him
to worship the old gods

25. POWERFUL PHARAOH: RAMSES II
 Ruled for 66 years
 Expanded empire through
war
 Expanded into Nubia
 Defeated the Hittites and
signed a peace treaty

26. RAMSES HONORS HIMSELF
 Built a city called Pi-Ramses
 At Abu-Simbel, built a temple
with two 66-foot statues of
himself
 What was Egypt like during
the rule of Ramses?

27. EGYPT’S DECLINE
 After death of Ramses, the Egyptian empire
weakened
 Ruled by foreign powers for the next 1,000 years,
including Greek rule for 300 years