The document discusses anchor activities, which are pre-planned, meaningful activities for students to work on independently when they finish other assignments early. They are meant to extend learning rather than be "busy work". Anchor activities allow for differentiated instruction and flexible grouping. Teachers can differentiate instruction based on content, process, product, and student characteristics like readiness, interest, and learning profile. Implementing anchor activities involves explaining expectations, developing tasks that require time and thinking, and providing clear instructions. They benefit differentiation and student-centered learning.