funniest way to teach your student gluteal region anatomy

1. GLUTEAL REGION

2. INTRO
• YOU DON'T GET TO WHERE YOU ARE BY JUST
SITTING ON YOUR BUTT AND EXPECTING IT
TO COME.
• SO GET YOUR ASS UP AND START PREPARING
FOR UPCOMING INTERNALS ☺

3. ☺

4. Contents
 Gluteal region and boundaries
 Cutaneous innervation
 Muscles of gluteal region
 Arteries of gluteal region
 Nerves of gluteal region

5. INTRO REAL ONE -
• THE GLUTEAL REGION IS AN ANATOMICAL AREA LOCATED POSTERIORLY TO THE
PELVIC GIRDLE, AT THE PROXIMAL END OF THE FEMUR.
• THE MUSCLES IN THIS REGION MOVE THE LOWER LIMB AT THE HIP JOINT

6. WHY WE NEED TO LEARN

7. The gluteal region includes the rounded,
posterior buttocks and the laterally placed
hip region.

8. SURFACE LANDMARKS
• BUTTOCK BUTTOCK IS THE ROUNDED BULGE IN
THE LOWER PART OF THE GLUTEAL REGION
• ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY IS A LARGE BONY PROMINENCE
WHICH LIES TO THE LOWER BORDER OF GLUTEUS
MAXIMUS
• GREATER TROCHANTER OF FEMUR IS A LARGE BONY
PROMINENCE
• ILIAC CREST IS A THICK CURVED BONYRIDGE FELT IN
A GROUP IN THE LOWER MARGIN OF THE WAIST

9. ☺
• SACRUM LIES POSTERIORLY BETWEEN THE TWO HIP BONES
• COCCYX LIES JUST BEHIND THE ANUS
• THE SACROTUBEROUS LIGAMENT LYING DEEP TO THE
LOWER BORDER OF GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
•

10. FASCIA
• SUPERFICIAL FASCIA HEAVILY LADEN WITH FAT TOUGH STRINGY OVER THE TUBEROSITY. IT
FORMS EFFICIENT CUSHION FOR THE SUPPORTING THE BODY WEIGHT IN THE SITTING
POSTURE
• DEEP FASCIA ABOVE AND IN THE FRONT OF GLUTEUS MAXIMUS, OVER THE GLUTEUS
MEDIUS IT’S THICK DENSE OPAQUE AND PEARLY WHITE,OVER THE GLUTEUS MAXIMUS IT IS
THIN AND TRANSPARENT

11. SUPPLY OF
CUTANEOUS NERVE
The upper anterior part
The upper posterior part
The lower anterior part
The lower posterior part

13. MUSCLES OF THE GLUTEAL REGION
• GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
• GLUTEUS MEDIUS
• GLUTEUS MINIMUS
• PIRIFORM
• GEMELLUS SUPERIOR
• GEMELLUS INFERIOR
• OBTURATOR INTERNUS
• QUADRATUS FEMORIS
• OBTURATOR EXTERNUS
• TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE
• TRICK G3 को PIटा G2 ने OQ पडा OT में

14. GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
• LARGE, QUADRILATERAL, POWERFUL MUSCLE,
• COVERING MAINLY THE POSTERIOR SURFACE OF PELVIS
• ATTACHMENTS: ORIGINATES - FROM THE GLUTEAL (POSTERIOR) SURFACE OF THE ILIUM, SACRUM AND
COCCYX. IT SLOPES ACROSS THE BUTTOCK AT A 45 DEGREE ANGLE
• INSERTION - INSERTS INTO THE ILIOTIBIAL TRACT AND THE GLUTEAL TUBEROSITY OF THE FEMUR
• ACTIONS: IT IS THE CHIEF EXTENSOR OF THE THIGH, AND ASSISTS WITH LATERAL ROTATION. HOWEVER, IT IS
ONLY USED WHEN FORCE IS REQUIRED, SUCH AS RUNNING OR CLIMBING. ABDUCTION OF THIGH
• NERVE SUPPLY – INFERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE

15. GLUTEUS MEDIUS
• THE GLUTEUS MEDIUS MUSCLE IS FAN-SHAPED AND LIES BETWEEN TO THE
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS AND THE MINIMUS.
• ORIGINATES GLUTEAL SURFACE OF ILIUM BETWEEN THE ANTERIOR AND INTERIOR
GLUTEAL LINES
• INSERTS INTO THE LATERAL SURFACE OF THE GREATER TROCHANTER.
• ACTIONS: POWERFUL ABDUCTER OF THIGH AND MEDIALLY ROTATES THE LOWER LIMB. DURING
LOCOMOTION, IT SECURES THE PELVIS, PREVENTING PELVIC DROP OF THE OPPOSITE LIMB.
• NERVE SUPPLY - SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE. (L4,5,S1)

16. GLUTEUS MINIMUS
• THE GLUTEUS MINIMUS IS THE DEEPEST AND SMALLEST OF THE SUPERFICIAL GLUTEAL MUSCLES. IT IS
SIMILAR IN (FAN) SHAPE AND FUNCTION TO THE GLUTEUS MEDIUS.
• ORIGINATES GLUTEAL SURFACE OF ILIUM BETWEEN THE ANTERIOR AND INTERIOR GLUTEAL
LINES,
• INSERTING TO THE ANTERIOR SIDE OF THE GREATER TROCHANTER.
• ACTIONS: POWERFUL ABDUCTER OF THIGH AND MEDIALLY ROTATES THE LOWER LIMB. DURING
LOCOMOTION, IT SECURES THE PELVIS, PREVENTING PELVIC DROP OF THE OPPOSITE LIMB.
• NERVE SUPPLY - SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE. (L4,5,S1)

17. PIRIFORMIS
• PIRIFORMIS KEY MUSCLE OF GLUTEAL REGION
• ORIGIN PELVIC SURFACE OF THE MIDDLE THREE PIECES OF THE SACRUM
• INSERTION THE ROUNDED TENDON IS INSERTED INTO THE APEX OF GREATER
TROCHANTER OF THE FEMUR
• NERVE VENTRAL RAMI S1,2

18. TENSOR FASCIA LATA
• TENSOR FASCIAE LATA IS A SMALL SUPERFICIAL MUSCLE WHICH LIES TOWARDS THE ANTERIOR EDGE OF
THE ILIAC CREST.
• IT FUNCTIONS TO TIGHTEN THE FASCIA LATA, AND SO ABDUCTS AND MEDIALLY ROTATES THE LOWER
LIMB.
• ORIGINATES FROM THE ANTERIOR ILIAC CREST
• INSERTS INTO THE ILIOTIBIAL TRACT
• ACTIONS: ASSISTS THE GLUTEUS MEDIUS AND MINIMUS IN ABDUCTION AND MEDIAL ROTATION OF THE
LOWER LIMB. IT ALSO PLAYS A SUPPORTIVE ROLE IN THE GAIT CYCLE.
• NERVE SUPPLY - SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE. (L4,5,S1)

19. HERE WORK FOR TO MAKE SAME NOTE AS GIVEN IN
UPPER SLIDE FOR 5 MUSCLE
- GEMELLUS SUPERIOR
- GEMELLUS INFERIOR
- OBTURATOR INTERNUS
- QUADRATUS FEMORIS
- OBTURATOR EXTERNUS

20. #ANATOMY_CHALANGING_YOU

21. THANKYOU FOR TODAY

22. लड़क
े क
े पिछवाड़े में लगा मधुमक्खी का छत्ता ☺

23. UL
UM
LM LL

24. NURVE OF THE GLUTEAL REGION
• SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE (L4 ,5 S1)
• INFERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE (L5,S1,2)
• SCIATIC NERVE (L4,5,S1,2,3)
• POSTERIOR CUTANEOUS NERVE OF THE THIGH (S1,2,3)
• NERVES TO QUADRATUS FEMORIS (L4,5,S1)
• PUDENDAL NERVE(S2,3,4)
• NERVE TO THE OBTURATOR INTERNUS (L5,S1,2)
• PERFORATING CUTANEOUS NERVE (S2,3)

26. ☺
• THE LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS IS A NETWORK OF NERVES DERIVED FROM LUMBAR
AND SACRAL ROOTS WITH EACH ONE OF THEM DIVIDING INTO ANTERIOR AND
POSTERIOR BRANCHES. THEIR COMMUNICATIONS ARE CALLED
LUMBAR PLEXUS (COMPARE: BRACHIAL PLEXUS).
• 1.THE SACRAL PLEXUS :-IS A NERVE PLEXUS WHICH PROVIDES MOTOR AND
SENSORY NERVES FOR THE POSTERIOR THIGH, MOST OF THE LOWER LEG AND
FOOT, AND PART OF THE PELVIS. IT IS PART OF THE LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS AND
EMERGES FROM THE LUMBAR VERTEBRAE AND SACRAL VERTEBRAE (L4-S4
• 2.THE LUMBAR PLEXUS :-IS A WEB OF NERVES (A NERVOUS PLEXUS) IN
THE LUMBAR REGION OF THE BODY WHICH FORMS PART OF THE
LARGER LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS. IT IS FORMED BY THE DIVISIONS OF THE FIRST
FOUR LUMBAR NERVES (L1-L4) AND FROM CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE SUBCOSTAL
NERVE (T12), WHICH IS THE LAST THORACIC NERVE.

29. SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE (L4 ,5 S1)
• THE SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE IS A BRANCH OF THE
SACRAL PLEXUS.
• IT ENTERS THE GLUTEAL REGION THROUGH THE
GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN,
• ABOVE THE PIRIFORMIS, RUNS FORWARDS BETWEEN THE
GLUTEUS MEDIUS AND MINIMUS,
• SUPPLIES THREE MUSCLES, VIZ., THE GLUTEUS MEDIUS,
THE GLUTEUS MINIMUS AND THE TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE

30. THE GREATER AND LESSER SCIATIC FORAMINA
• THE GREATER AND LESSER SCIATIC FORAMINA ARE TWO OPENINGS IN THE POSTERIOR ASPECT OF
THE PELVIS.
• THE GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN IS LARGER AND IS SEPARATED FROM THE LESSER SCIATIC FORAMEN
BY THE SACROSPINOUS LIGAMENT.
• THE GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN PROVIDES A PASSAGEWAY FOR STRUCTURES TO PASS FROM THE
PELVIS INTO THE GLUTEAL REGION.

31. INFERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE (L5,S1,2)
• THIS IS ALSO A BRANCH OF THE SACRAL PLEXUS.
• IT ENTERS THE GLUTEAL REGION THROUGH THE GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN BELOW THE
PIRIFORMIS
• IN THE GLUTEAL REGION SUPPLIES THE GLUTEUS MAXIMUS MUSCLE
• POSTERIOR CUTANEOUS NERVE OF THE THIGH (S1,2,3)
• IT IS A BRANCH OF THE SACRAL PLEXUS. IT ENTERS THE I GLUTEAL REGION THROUGH
THE GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN,! BELOW THE PIRIFORMIS, AND RUNS DOWNWARDS
MEDIAL ORB POSTERIOR TO THE SCIATIC NERVE.
• THE NERVE GIVES:
• (1) A PERINEAL BRANCH
• (2) GLUTEAL BRANCHES

32. SCIATIC NERVE (L4,5,S1,2,3)
• THIS IS THE THICKEST NERVE IN THE BODY. IT IS THE MAIN CONTINUATION OF THE SACRAL
PLEXUS.
• THIS THE LARGEST BRANCH OF THE SACRAL PLEXUS AND THE LARGEST NERVE IN
BODY.
• CONSISTS OF TWO SEPARATE NERVES,
• THE COMMON PERONEAL NERVE
• THE TIBIAL NERVE
• IT ENTERS THE GLUTEAL REGION THROUGH THE GREATER
SCIATIC FORAMEN BELOW THE PIRIFORMIS,
IT DOESN’T GIVE ANY BRANCH IN GLUTEAL REGION
• NOTE :- SCIATICA IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE NERVE PAIN IN THE LEG THAT IS
CAUSED BY IRRITATION AND/OR COMPRESSION OF THE SCIATIC NERVE. SCIATICA
ORIGINATES IN THE LOWER BACK, RADIATES DEEP INTO THE BUTTOCK, AND
TRAVELS DOWN THE LEG.
• SYMPTOMS: HYPOESTHESIA; PAIN

34. NERVES TO QUADRATUS FEMORIS (L4,5,S1)
• ENTERS THE I GLUTEAL REGION THROUGH THE GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN I BELOW THE
PIRIFORMIS
• RUNS DOWNWARDS DEEP TO I THE SCIATIC NERVE,
• IT SUPPLIES THE QUADRATUS FEMORIS, THE I GEMELLUS INFERIOR AND THE HIP JOINT

35. ☺
• PUDENDAL NERVE(S2,3,4) :-
• ONLY A SMALL PART OF THIS NERVE IS SEEN IN THE GLUTEAL REGION.
• IT ENTERS THIS REGION THROUGH THE GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN.
• IT LEAVES THE GLUTEAL REGION BY I PASSING INTO THE LESSER SCIATIC
FORAMEN THROUGH WHICH IT ENTERS THE ISCHIORECTAL FOSSA
• IT DOESN’T SUPPLY ANY STRUCTURE IN GLUTEAL REGIONS
• NERVE TO THE OBTURATOR INTERNUS (L5,S1,2) :-
• THIS IS A BRANCH OF THE SACRAL PLEXUS.
• IT ENTERS THE I GLUTEAL REGION THROUGH THE GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN I
AND CROSSES THE ISCHIAL SPINE,
• LATERAL TO THE INTERNAL PUDENDAL VESSELS, TO RE-ENTER THE PELVIS.
• IT SUPPLIES ' THE OBTURATOR INTERNUS AND THE GEMELLUS SUPERIOR (FIG.
5.12).

36. ☺
• PERFORATING CUTANEOUS NERVE (S2, S3)
• THIS IS A BRANCH OF THE SACRAL PLEXUS.
• IT PIERCES THE LOWER PART OF THE SACROTUBEROUS LIGAMENT,
• WINDS ROUND THE LOWER BORDER OF THE GLUTEUS MAXIMUS,
• AND SUPPLIES THE SKIN OF THE POSTEROINFERIOR QUADRANT OF THE GLUTEAL
REGION.
Scitic nerve

37. THE INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY
• THE INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY (ALSO KNOWN AS THE HYPOGASTRIC ARTERY, BUT INTERNAL
ILIAC IS THE ACCEPTED TERM IN THE TA) IS THE SMALLER TERMINAL BRANCH OF THE
COMMON ILIAC ARTERY. IT SUPPLIES THE PELVIC WALLS, PELVIC VISCERA,
EXTERNAL GENITALIA, PERINEUM, BUTTOCK AND MEDIAL PART OF THE
THIGH.

39. ANASTOMOSIS
• AN ANASTOMOSIS IS A SURGICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN TWO STRUCTURES. IT
USUALLY MEANS A CONNECTION THAT IS CREATED BETWEEN TUBULAR
STRUCTURES, SUCH AS BLOOD VESSELS OR LOOPS OF INTESTINE. FOR EXAMPLE,
WHEN PART OF AN INTESTINE IS SURGICALLY REMOVED, THE TWO REMAINING ENDS
ARE SEWN OR STAPLED TOGETHER (ANASTOMOSED).
• TROCHANTERIC ANASTOMOSIS - SITUATED NEAR THE TROCHANTERIC FOSSA AND
SUPLLIES BRANCHES TO THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR
• CRUCIATE ANASTOMOSIS SITUATED OVER UPPER PART OF THE BACK OF THE FEMUR

40. ARTERIES OF GLUTEAL REGION
• SUPERIOR GLUTEAL ARTERY
• INFERIOR GLUTEAL ARTERY
• INTERNAL PUDENDAL ARTERY
• SUPERIOR GLUTEAL ARTERY
• BRANCH FROM POSTERIOR DIVISION OF THE INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY
• LEAVES THE PELVIS BY PASSING THROUGH THE GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN ABOVE THE
PIRIFORMIS MUSCLE
• IT DIVIDES INTO SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP BRANCHES.
• THE SUPERFICIAL BRANCH SUPPLIES THE GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
• THE DEEP BRANCH SUBDIVIDES INTO SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR BRANCHES,

41. ☺
• INFERIOR GLUTEAL ARTERY
• IT IS A BRANCH OF THE ANTERIOR DIVISION OF THE INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY.
• •LEAVES THE PELVIS BY PASSING THROUGH THE GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN
BELOW THE PIRIFORMIS MUSCLE
• IT SUPPLIES
• (1) MUSCULAR BRANCH TO THE GLUTEUS MAXIMUS AND TO ALL THE! MUSCLES DEEP
TO IT BELOW THE PIRIFORMIS
• (2) CUTANEOUS BRANCHES TO THE BUTTOCK AND THE BACK OF THE THIGH
• (3) AN ARTICULAR BRANCH TO THE HIP JOINT
• (4) A CRUCIATE ANASTOMOTIC BRANCH
• (5) AN ARTERY TO THE SCIATIC NERVE WHICH REPRESENTS THE AXIS ARTERY IN THIS
REGION, AND I MAY AT TIMES BE QUITE LARGE
• (6) A COCCYGEAL BRANCH WHICH SUPPLIES THE AREA OVER THE COCCYX

42. INTERNAL PUDENDAL ARTERY
• THIS IS A BRANCH OF THE ANTERIOR DIVISION
OF THE INTERNAL I ILIAC ARTERY.
• IT ENTERS THE GLUTEAL REGION THROUGH
THE I GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN (FIG. 5.14).
• IT HAS A VERY SHORLH COURSE IN THE
GLUTEAL REGION.
• IT CROSSES THE ISCHIAL SPINE JUST MEDIAL
TO THE NERVE TO THE OBTURATOR INTEMUS,
AND LATERAL TO THE PUDENDAL NERVE.
• IT LEAVESB THE GLUTEAL REGION BY PASSING
INTO THE LESSER SCIATIC FORAMEN
THROUGH WHICH IT REACHES THE
ISCHIORECTALB FOSSA.

43. CLINICAL ANATOMY OF GLUTEAL REGION
• A GLUTEAL CONTUSION IS A BRUISE TO THE MUSCLE AREA. A GLUTEAL MUSCLE STRAIN IS A
STRETCH OR PARTIAL TEAR OF THE MUSCLE OR TENDON.
• TRAUMA, EITHER BY A FALL OR A DIRECT BLOW TO THE BUTTOCK AREA, CAUSES MOST
GLUTEAL INJURIES.
• BUTTOCK PAIN :- CAUSES OF PAIN IN THE BUTTOCKS RANGE FROM TEMPORARY
ANNOYANCES, SUCH AS BURSITIS, BRUISING, PIRIFORMIS SYNDROME, MUSCLE
STRAIN
• WHAT CAUSES A GLUTEAL INJURY?
• FALLS ARE A COMMON CAUSE OF A GLUTEAL OR BUTTOCK CONTUSION. IN PATIENTS WHO ARE
ANTICOAGULATED OR ON BLOOD THINNERS, A LARGE AMOUNT OF BLEEDING CAN OCCUR WITHIN
AND AROUND THE MUSCLE, CAUSING SIGNIFICANT PAIN AND SWELLING.
• INFLAMMATION OF THE HIP, PIRIFORMIS, ILIOTIBIAL BAND, AND THE GLUTEUS MUSCLES ARE
COMMON RUNNING INJURIES