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The orbitThe orbit
Orbital Contents
The contents of the orbit are :-
• the eyeballthe eyeball
• optic nerveoptic nerve
• ocular musclesocular muscles
• fasciafascia
• nervesnerves
• vesselsvessels
• fatfat
• lacrimal glandlacrimal gland
• and conjunctival sacand conjunctival sac.
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
• This thin, flat elevator muscle of the
superior eyelid broadens into a wide
aponeurosis as it approaches its distal
attachment to the tarsal plate. This muscle
is the opponent of the orbicularis oculi, the
sphincter of the palpebral fissure.
Levator
Palpebrae
Superioris
•Tarsal gland
•Palpebral surface
•Posterior margin
•Anterior margin
Recti and Oblique Muscles
• The four recti arise from a fibrous cuff, the
common tendinous ring, that surrounds
the optic canal and part of the superior
orbital fissure.
• The lateral and medial recti lie in the same
horizontal plane, and the superior and
inferior recti lie in the same vertical plane.
All four recti mus­cles attach to the sclera
on the anterior half of the eyebal
• All four recti muscles attach to the sclera
on the anterior half of the eyeball.
• • Medial and lateral recti rotate the pupil
medially and laterally, respectively
• • Superior rectus rotates the pupil superiorly
(elevation)
• • Inferior rectus rotates the pupil inferiorly
(depression).
• The inferior oblique directs the pupil laterally
and superiorly; therefore, when it works
synergistically with the superior rectus, superior
movement of the eyeball occurs. Similarly, the
superior oblique directs the pupil inferiorly and
laterally; therefore, when it works synergistically
with the inferior rectus, an inferior movement
results.
Tendinous ring
Lacrimal Apparatus
• The lacrimal apparatus consists of:
• • Lacrimal glands, which secrete
lacrimal fluid
• • Lacrimal ducts, which convey
lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal glands
to the conjunctiva! sac
• • Lacrimal canaliculi (L. small canals),
each commencing at a lacrimal
punctum (opening) on the lacrimal
papilla near the medial angle of the
eye, which conveys the lacrimal fluid
from the lacrimal lake—a triangular
space at the me­dial angle of the eye
where the tears collect—in the lacrimal
sac, the dilated superior part of the
nasolacrimal duct
Temporal Region
• The temporal region includes the temporal
and infratemporal fossae—superior and
inferior to the zygomatic arch, respectively
Temporal Fossa
• The temporal fossa, in which the temporal
muscle is located, is bounded:
• Posteriorly and superiorly by the temporal
lines.
• Anteriorly by the frontal and zygomatic
bones
• Laterally by the zygomatic arch
• Inferiorly by the infratemporal crest
The floor of the temporal fossa
• formed by parts of the four bones that form the
pterion: frontal, parietal, temporal, and greater
wing of the sphenoid.
• The fan-shaped temporal mus-cle arises from
the floor (i.e., the temporal fossa extending to
the inferior temporal line) and the overlying
temporal fascia.
• which comprises the roof of the temporal fossa
anatomy of  The orbit (2)

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anatomy of The orbit (2)

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  • 3. Orbital Contents The contents of the orbit are :- • the eyeballthe eyeball • optic nerveoptic nerve • ocular musclesocular muscles • fasciafascia • nervesnerves • vesselsvessels • fatfat • lacrimal glandlacrimal gland • and conjunctival sacand conjunctival sac.
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  • 5. Levator Palpebrae Superioris • This thin, flat elevator muscle of the superior eyelid broadens into a wide aponeurosis as it approaches its distal attachment to the tarsal plate. This muscle is the opponent of the orbicularis oculi, the sphincter of the palpebral fissure.
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  • 8. Recti and Oblique Muscles • The four recti arise from a fibrous cuff, the common tendinous ring, that surrounds the optic canal and part of the superior orbital fissure. • The lateral and medial recti lie in the same horizontal plane, and the superior and inferior recti lie in the same vertical plane. All four recti mus­cles attach to the sclera on the anterior half of the eyebal
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  • 10. • All four recti muscles attach to the sclera on the anterior half of the eyeball.
  • 11. • • Medial and lateral recti rotate the pupil medially and laterally, respectively • • Superior rectus rotates the pupil superiorly (elevation) • • Inferior rectus rotates the pupil inferiorly (depression). • The inferior oblique directs the pupil laterally and superiorly; therefore, when it works synergistically with the superior rectus, superior movement of the eyeball occurs. Similarly, the superior oblique directs the pupil inferiorly and laterally; therefore, when it works synergistically with the inferior rectus, an inferior movement results.
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  • 24. Lacrimal Apparatus • The lacrimal apparatus consists of: • • Lacrimal glands, which secrete lacrimal fluid • • Lacrimal ducts, which convey lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal glands to the conjunctiva! sac • • Lacrimal canaliculi (L. small canals), each commencing at a lacrimal punctum (opening) on the lacrimal papilla near the medial angle of the eye, which conveys the lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal lake—a triangular space at the me­dial angle of the eye where the tears collect—in the lacrimal sac, the dilated superior part of the nasolacrimal duct
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  • 28. Temporal Region • The temporal region includes the temporal and infratemporal fossae—superior and inferior to the zygomatic arch, respectively
  • 29. Temporal Fossa • The temporal fossa, in which the temporal muscle is located, is bounded: • Posteriorly and superiorly by the temporal lines. • Anteriorly by the frontal and zygomatic bones • Laterally by the zygomatic arch • Inferiorly by the infratemporal crest
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  • 31. The floor of the temporal fossa • formed by parts of the four bones that form the pterion: frontal, parietal, temporal, and greater wing of the sphenoid. • The fan-shaped temporal mus-cle arises from the floor (i.e., the temporal fossa extending to the inferior temporal line) and the overlying temporal fascia. • which comprises the roof of the temporal fossa