Anatomy and Physiology of Heart Heart is a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the circulatory system. Shaped :- Cone shape (Close fist) Size :- 12cm long, 9cm Width & cm thickness Weight :- Women – 230 – 280gm Man – 300- 340gm The heart lies in the thoracic cavity in the media sternum ( the space between the lungs).It lies obliquely, a little more to the left than right, and presents a base above, and an apex below. It is THE outermost double walled membrane that surrounds and protects the heart It confines the heart to its position and allows sufficient freedom of movement for contraction. There are 2 types Superficial fibrous pericardium Deep serous pericardium Parietal layer Visceral layer Fibrous Pericardium It is mode of tough inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue. It prevents over stretching of heart, provides protection and holds the heart at particular position. Serous Pericardium That forms double layer around the heart. Outer parietal layer fused with fibrous pericardium. Inner visceral layer called as epicardium (external layer of heart wall) Space between parietal and visceral layer is called as pericardial cavity and filled with pericardial fluid. The myocardium is composed of specialized cardiac muscle found only in the heart. Middle layer, made up of cardiac muscle tissue. Responsible for pumping action. This line the chambers and valves of the heart. It is a thin, smooth membrane to ensure smooth flow of blood through the heart. It consist of flattened epithelial cells. 2 atria ( Right & Left) :- The two superior receiving chambers are the atria. 2 ventricles ( Right & Left) :- The two inferior pumping chambers are the ventricles. Right atrium The right atrium receives blood form three veins the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava & coronary sinus. Blood passes from the right atrium into the right ventricle through a valve that is called the tricuspid valve, it consists 3 leaflets of cusps. right ventricles It is about 4-5 mm in average thickness. Blood passes from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve into a large artery called the pulmonary trunk, which divides into right & left pulmonary arteries. LEFT ATRIUM IT IS ABOUT THE SAME THICKNESS AS THE RIGHT ATRIUM AND FORMS MOST OF THE BASE OF THE HEART. IT RECEIVES BLOOD (OXYGENATED BLOOD) FROM THE LUNGS THROUGH FOUR PULMONARY VEINS. LEFT VENTRICLES IT IS THE THICKEST CHAMBER OF THE HEART, AVERAGING 10-15 MM AND THE APEX OF THE HEART. BLOOD PASSES FROOM THE LEFT VENTRICLES THROUGH THE AORTIC VALVE INTO THE ASCENDING AORTA. THE BLOOD PASSES INTO THE ARCH OF THE AORTA AND DESCENDING AORTA. Tricuspid Valves Valve between right atrium and right ventricle. Mitral Valves Valve between left atrium and left ventricle. Semilunar Valves Valve between left ventricle and aorta, right ventricle and pulmonary artery. Layer of heart Pericardium Myocardium Endocardium Chamber of heart The heart has 4 chambers Two atria ( Righ

1. Anatomy and Physiology of Heart
Bipul Kumar Mahto

2. Introduction
Heart is a hollow, muscular organ
that pumps blood throughout the
circulatory system.
Shaped :- Cone shape (Close fist)
Size :- 12cm long, 9cm Width & cm
thickness
Weight :- Women – 230 – 280gm
Man – 300- 340gm

3.  The heart lies in the thoracic cavity in
the media sternum ( the space
between the lungs).
It lies obliquely, a little more to the left
than right, and presents a base
above, and an apex below.

4. 4
Structure of heart
Layer of
heart
Valve of
heart
Chamber of
heart
Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
The heart has 4 chambers
 Two atria ( Right & Left )
 Two Ventricles (Right &
Left

5. Pericardium
 IT IS THE OUTERMOST DOUBLE WALLED MEMBRANE THAT
SURROUNDS AND PROTECTS THE HEART
 IT CONFINES THE HEART TO ITS POSITION AND ALLOWS
SUFFICIENT FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT FOR
CONTRACTION.
 THERE ARE 2 TYPES
I. SUPERFICIAL FIBROUS PERICARDIUM
II. DEEP SEROUS PERICARDIUM
 PARIETAL LAYER
 VISCERAL LAYER

6. 6
 Fibrous Pericardium
 It is mode of tough inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue.
 It prevents over stretching of heart, provides protection and holds the heart at
particular position.
 Serous Pericardium
 That forms double layer around the heart.
 Outer parietal layer fused with fibrous pericardium.
 Inner visceral layer called as epicardium (external layer of heart wall)
 Space between parietal and visceral layer is called as pericardial cavity and filled with
pericardial fluid.

7. 7
 The myocardium is composed of specialized cardiac muscle found only in the heart.
 Middle layer, made up of cardiac muscle tissue.
 Responsible for pumping action.
Myocardium

8.  This line the chambers and valves of the
heart.
 It is a thin, smooth membrane to ensure
smooth flow of blood through the heart.
 It consist of flattened epithelial cells.
Endocardium

9. Chamber of Heart
9
 2 atria ( Right & Left) :-
The two superior receiving
chambers are the atria.
 2 ventricles ( Right &
Left) :- The two inferior
pumping chambers are the
ventricles.

10. 10
RIGHT ATRIUM
THE RIGHT ATRIUM RECEIVES BLOOD FORM
THREE VEINS THE SUPERIOR VENA CAVA,
INFERIOR VENA CAVA & CORONARY SINUS.
BLOOD PASSES FROM THE RIGHT ATRIUM
INTO THE RIGHT VENTRICLE THROUGH A
VALVE THAT IS CALLED THE TRICUSPID
VALVE, IT CONSISTS 3 LEAFLETS OF CUSPS.
RIGHT VENTRICLES
IT IS ABOUT 4-5 MM IN AVERAGE
THICKNESS.
BLOOD PASSES FROM THE RIGHT
VENTRICLE THROUGH THE PULMONARY
VALVE INTO A LARGE ARTERY CALLED THE
PULMONARY TRUNK, WHICH DIVIDES INTO
RIGHT & LEFT PULMONARY ARTERIES.
 LEFT ATRIUM
 IT IS ABOUT THE SAME THICKNESS
AS THE RIGHT ATRIUM AND FORMS
MOST OF THE BASE OF THE
HEART.
 IT RECEIVES BLOOD
(OXYGENATED BLOOD) FROM THE
LUNGS THROUGH FOUR
PULMONARY VEINS.
 LEFT VENTRICLES
 IT IS THE THICKEST CHAMBER OF
THE HEART, AVERAGING 10-15 MM
AND THE APEX OF THE HEART.
 BLOOD PASSES FROOM THE LEFT
VENTRICLES THROUGH THE
AORTIC VALVE INTO THE
ASCENDING AORTA.
 THE BLOOD PASSES INTO THE
ARCH OF THE AORTA AND
DESCENDING AORTA.

11. 11
Tricuspid
Valves
Semilunar
Valves
Mitral Valves
VALVES
Valve between right
atrium and right
ventricle.
Valve between left
atrium and left
ventricle.
Valve between left
ventricle and aorta,
right ventricle and
pulmonary artery.

12. thank you
bipulkrmahto5@gmail.
com