This document summarizes the key points from a training presentation on analyzing system requirements for a geographic information system (GIS). It discusses how GIS works as a model of the real world through abstraction and spatial data modeling. The components of a GIS are explained, including hardware, software, methods of analysis, data, and people. Methods for analyzing user requirements like affinity diagrams, relation diagrams, and tree diagrams are presented. The document also provides background on a project to develop a mobile application called "Geocrowd: Peatfire" to help monitor and prevent peatland fires on Padang Island through crowd-sourced reporting and satellite data verification. System and user requirements for the app are outlined, including the ability to work

1. Analisis Kebutuhan Sistem
Dany Laksono
February 9, 2020
Mata Pelatihan WebGIS dan Transformasi Sistem Koordinat
SKKNI Teknisi Utama – Analis Sistem Informasi Geografis

2. Analisis Kebutuhan Sistem
• Bagaimana internet bekerja?
• Bahasa dan Protokol komunikasi inter-net
• Bagaimana halaman web dibuat?
• Praktek: HTML, CSS, JS

5. Review: Geographic
Information System

6. GIS is a Model of the real World
Abstraction
Process
Real World Spatial Data Model

7. “ (it is) Impossible to map the
world–we select and make
graphics so that we can
understand it”
~ Roger Tomlinson, note on an
agenda, 1981.
GIS is a Model of the real World

8. GIS is a Model of the real World
Spatial Data Model
http://www.geography.hunter.cuny.edu/~jochen/GTECH361
Raster
Vector

9. Components of GIS
http://metrocosm.com/qgis/

10. Properties of Spatial Data
Attribute
Geometry
http://www.geography.hunter.cuny.edu/~jochen/GTECH361/
Spatial data
consists of
Geometry and
Attribute
An Attribute could
be anything
related to the
spatial data

11. Components of GIS
GIS consists of interrelated
components:
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Methods of Analysis
4. Data
5. People

12. UGM.AC.ID
“The GIS Subcomponents”
Modified from Marble and Peuquet (1983)
As a System, GIS consist of
four main components as
subsystems
Each subsystem defines
elaborate process by
themselves

13. UGM.AC.ID
The GIS Subsystem: Input
Spatial Data Acquisition: converting real world to geospatial data
PRIMARY SECONDARY
Surveying
Satellite Positioning
Remote Sensing
Photogrammetry
Digitization
Automated Conversion
Scanning

14. UGM.AC.ID
The GIS Subsystem: Input
GNSS Positioning
Surveying
Remote Sensing
Photogrammetry

15. UGM.AC.ID
The GIS Subsystem: Preprocessing
Query: Asking the right questions

16. UGM.AC.ID
The GIS Subsystem: Spatial Analysis
Location …Where is it?
Condition …What is it?
Patterns … How is it distributed?
Trends …What has changed?
Modeling …What if …?
Time andTravel?
What is near me?
Etc.
Query: Asking the right questions

17. UGM.AC.ID
The GIS Subsystem: Output

18. UGM.AC.ID
Implementing GIS

19. Tahapan Implementasi GIS
Raising
Awareness
Developing
System
requirements
Evaluation of
Alternative
System
System
Justification &
Implementation
plan
development
System
Acquisition &
Start Up
Operational
System
Tahap Implementasi GIS menurut Arronoff (1989)

22. Metode Analisis User Requirements
Affiniti Diagram
(Kawakita-Jiro
Method)

23. Metode Analisis User Requirements
Affiniti Diagram
(Kawakita-Jiro
Method)
1. Identify the
purpose
2. Determine
groupings.
3. Determine
contributing
factors.
4. Organize
5. Analyze and share

24. Metode Analisis User Requirements
Relation Diagram
1. Identify Problems
and their relation
2. Identify the root of
problems

25. Metode Analisis User Requirements
Relation Diagram

26. Metode Analisis User
Requirements
Tree Diagram
1. Identify an Impact
2. Pick the most probable
root of problems
3. Derive sub-problems
and sub-sub problems

27. UGM.AC.ID
Background
Padang Island
@OpenStreetMap Contributors

28. UGM.AC.ID
Background
Combined satellite and ground-truth monitoring to
reduce the risk, prevent and monitor peatland fire in
Pulau Padang
Geocrowd: Peatfire

29. Background

30. Background
Problem: Satellite monitoring – Low resolution (~2 kms), false report
of Hotspot data, low confidence. Need ground-truth verifications
Geocrowd: Peatfire

31. Business Requirement
A Mobile Application to collect data based on user
input, social media tags and services to report and verify
haze mitigation in peatland areas
Social Media
(spatially enabled)
#Hashtags
Geocrowd App
User report Real World
Phenomenon
Real time Hotspot API
HotSpot Verification
(GPS + Foto + Form)
-Data accuracy-

32. • Limited Internet Connectivity
• Near-real time response (e.g. in case of fire
incidents)
• User Engagements: Socio-cultural challenge
• Vast area to cover, safety considerations during
fire incidents reporting
User Requirements

33. UGM.AC.ID
Concept of Application
Strategies
• Frontend (App) - Backend (server) two-way communications
• Exit strategy for offline conditions: Switch to SMS Mode
• Offline mode: using local basemap while offline
• User report local data: Sync to server while online
• Intuitive and easy-to-use design
• User Estimation on Distance and Severity in the report Form
• Collaboration with Network Provider for signal availability

34. UGM.AC.ID
Concept of Application
Strategy
Offline data collection: Ushahidi
www.usaelectionmonitor.com

35. System Requirements
Main Features:
a. Could be used while online/offline
b. Collect user input (e.g. photos) via app
c. Gather social media data (via hashtags)
d. Hotspot data services as basemap
e. User verification to hotspot data
f. Notification for hotspot(s) nearby
Other:
a. User Profiles and statistics
b. Dashboard for monitoring users and user inputs
c. Low data usage
d. Offline Data Sync (on no signal condition)
Geocrowd: Liput Gambut
App Features
Optional:
• Report from user: time and
magnitude of hazard
• Estimation on severity and
distance to fire
• Visual parameters regarding
to the fire
• Interact with the user (e.g.
text messages)
• Weather data

36. TERIMA KASIH