An integrated genomic surveillance platform reveals multiple introductions and accelerating localization of SARS-CoV-2 into California, USA and worldwide countries
Data Con LA 2020
Description
The Children's Hospital, Los Angeles (CHLA) COVID-19 Analysis Research Database (CARD) (https://covid19.cpmbiodev.net/) is a comprehensive genomic resource of SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes and associated meta-data of over 80,000 (as of August 13, 2020) isolates collected from global sequencing laboratories and the Center for Personalized Medicine (CPM) at CHLA. A Virus Genome Tracker accepts virus genome sequence and places the new viral isolate within the global or USA phylogenetic contexts based upon variant and haplotype comparisons to trace the transmission for genomic surveillance.
By haplotype analysis of 4,200 California isolates, 6,356 USA isolates, and over 80,000 global isolates, we identified a pattern of strongly localized outbreaks at the city-, state-, and country-levels, and temporal transmissions. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the cryptic introduction of multiple SARS-CoV-2 lineages into California and Los Angeles, deriving from state-to-state transmission, and from international travel by air and ship. The majority of sequences Orange County isolates formed distinct outbreak clusters whose haplotypes were different from isolates of the neighboring Los Angeles. From the 50,000 global isolates, 22,171 (45.8%) isolates carried country-private haplotypes. The percentage were 28.2-29.6% in January to March, and rapidly increased to 46.4% and 59.6% in April and May, co-occurring with global travel restrictions.
Speaker
Lishuang Shen, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Sr. Bioinformatics Scientist
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak and Data-driven Healthcare: A Biomedical ...Jake Chen
The ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to more than 80,000 confirmed cases and nearly 3000 deaths worldwide since December 2019. There is a race in the biomedical research community to publish findings on a wide spectrum of topics, from pathogenicity, viral genome characterization, genetic epidemiology, disease management, treatment, to drug and vaccine development. I will review literature primarily from the epidemiology, genomics, computational biology, and translational bioinformatics perspectives to help us understand the basic biomedical research questions related to the COVID-19 outbreak. These questions include: what is a coronavirus, how the viral genome is organized, how it compares with SARS, what biochemical and genomic characteristics that it has to make it so virulent, and what genomics/informatics/drug discovery opportunities there are. The rapid data collection, analysis, publication, healthcare intervention, and drug development presents a promising new model for “data-driven healthcare” in response to future major disease outbreak events.
About covid variants types of variants like UK, India , South Africa ,
some information about Variant of Concern and variant of interest , the about Indian variants
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in EnglandSociété Tripalio
Rapport officiel du Public Health England concernant l'épidémie de coronavirus en Angleterre. Ce document montre que les vaccinés sont plus souvent malades du COVID (variant indien) que les non-vaccinés.
These slides talk about the top few candidates in the COVID-19 vaccine race. There are currently around 200 candidates in R&D, a handful of which has entered clinical trials. The top runners are AstraZeneca, Pfizer, & Moderna.
Few of the latest research findings on the novel corona virus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) have been compiled. The basic biology of corona virus, its life cycle and its evolutionary relationship with corona viruses derived from other animals (including bats and pangolin corona viruses) has been depicted highlighting it’s inter species transmission. One of the key pathogenicity and transmissibility determinants (i.e. a furin-like S1/S2 cleavage site in the S protein) unique to SARS-CoV-2 might be responsible for its distinct mechanism to promote its entry into host cells. The last slide leaves the readers with basic research questions pertaining to the genetic divergence and evolution of coronaviruses in bats, its pathogenesis and mechanism of disease transmittance. In these times of crisis due to the outbreak of novel corona virus 2019 in Wuhan and subsequently leading to a pandemic, it is important to understand the basic biology of corona virus and the latest research findings related to its cross species transmission and key pathogenicity determinant that allows the novel corona virus a distinct mechanism to gain entry into the host cells. The structural biology approach to study the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with receptor binding domain of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is underway and it is hoped that these findings will help in the design of new vaccines candidates targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak and Data-driven Healthcare: A Biomedical ...Jake Chen
The ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to more than 80,000 confirmed cases and nearly 3000 deaths worldwide since December 2019. There is a race in the biomedical research community to publish findings on a wide spectrum of topics, from pathogenicity, viral genome characterization, genetic epidemiology, disease management, treatment, to drug and vaccine development. I will review literature primarily from the epidemiology, genomics, computational biology, and translational bioinformatics perspectives to help us understand the basic biomedical research questions related to the COVID-19 outbreak. These questions include: what is a coronavirus, how the viral genome is organized, how it compares with SARS, what biochemical and genomic characteristics that it has to make it so virulent, and what genomics/informatics/drug discovery opportunities there are. The rapid data collection, analysis, publication, healthcare intervention, and drug development presents a promising new model for “data-driven healthcare” in response to future major disease outbreak events.
About covid variants types of variants like UK, India , South Africa ,
some information about Variant of Concern and variant of interest , the about Indian variants
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in EnglandSociété Tripalio
Rapport officiel du Public Health England concernant l'épidémie de coronavirus en Angleterre. Ce document montre que les vaccinés sont plus souvent malades du COVID (variant indien) que les non-vaccinés.
These slides talk about the top few candidates in the COVID-19 vaccine race. There are currently around 200 candidates in R&D, a handful of which has entered clinical trials. The top runners are AstraZeneca, Pfizer, & Moderna.
Few of the latest research findings on the novel corona virus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) have been compiled. The basic biology of corona virus, its life cycle and its evolutionary relationship with corona viruses derived from other animals (including bats and pangolin corona viruses) has been depicted highlighting it’s inter species transmission. One of the key pathogenicity and transmissibility determinants (i.e. a furin-like S1/S2 cleavage site in the S protein) unique to SARS-CoV-2 might be responsible for its distinct mechanism to promote its entry into host cells. The last slide leaves the readers with basic research questions pertaining to the genetic divergence and evolution of coronaviruses in bats, its pathogenesis and mechanism of disease transmittance. In these times of crisis due to the outbreak of novel corona virus 2019 in Wuhan and subsequently leading to a pandemic, it is important to understand the basic biology of corona virus and the latest research findings related to its cross species transmission and key pathogenicity determinant that allows the novel corona virus a distinct mechanism to gain entry into the host cells. The structural biology approach to study the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with receptor binding domain of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is underway and it is hoped that these findings will help in the design of new vaccines candidates targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
Right now the whole world is facing the covid-19 pandemic, and right now diagnosis and prevention of the spread of disease is the best option we have. This presentation includes methods that are currently in use for the identification of SARS-Co-V 2 / Covid-19. other than currently used methods this presentation also includes potential wearable devices that can be used for early detection of Covid-19.
These slides highlight the approved & widely used vaccines for immunization against COVID-19 (as of end Q1 2021). At the time of writing, there are 3 COVID-19 vaccines that have been granted Emergency Use Authorization by the US FDA, 2 of which are using mRNA platforms.
In this SlideShare, we're covering an overview on RNA technologies and recent applications in the field of life sciences. RNA is the pivotal ‘molecule of life’, involved in almost all aspects of cell biology. Recent successes in mRNA-based vaccines indicate just one of the near-infinite possibilities that RNA technology can offer in life sciences.
In this section of the coronavirus pandemic series, we discuss the current capacity of local healthcare systems and the need for effective treatment options as well as the pathogenesis of the coronavirus. Current treatment options include RNA, monoclonal antibodies (mAb), antibodies, convalescent plasma, and others. Critical stage implications such as cytokine storm and the need for immunomodulatory agents would also be discussed. Therapeutic pathways would are also compared.
Introduction to SARS-CoV-2-Creative BiolabsCandySwift_NY
An ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has raised global concerns. It is identified as the cause of pneumonia with unknown etiology. Since the early outbreak in Wuhan, China, it has subsequently spread to all provinces of China and many other countries. The urgent epidemic situation has spurred the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines. As a leading service provider in the field of biological research and drug discovery, Creative Biolabs provides fast & elaborate therapeutic antibody discovery, drug candidates screening and vaccine development services to help combat this outbreak.
https://sars-cov-2.creative-biolabs.com/novel-coronavirus-sars-cov2.htm
In UK, an observational investigation on vitamin D and COVID-19 risk for Medi...Pubrica
Mendelian Randomization (MR) experiments using the genetic variations associated with serum 25OHD as instrumental variables have been conducted to investigate the causative role of vitamin D in COVID-19 risk.
Continue Reading: https://bit.ly/3fBpMYP
For our services: https://pubrica.com/services/physician-writing-services/orginal-research-article/
Why Pubrica:
When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free | always on Time | 24*7 customer support | Written to international Standard | Unlimited Revisions support | Medical writing Expert | Publication Support | Bio statistical experts | High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44-1618186353
Background
Influenza A viruses are medically significant pathogens responsible for higher mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Swine influenza is known to be caused by influenza A subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2, which are highly contagious, and belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae. Efficient and accurate diagnosis of influenza A in individuals is critical for monitoring of a constantly evolving pandemic. A rapid result is important, because timely treatment can reduce disease severity and duration. Rapid antigen tests were among the first-line diagnostic tools for the detection of pandemic H1N1 (2009) virus infection during the initial outbreak. Current study focuses on the significant approach of the usage of molecular method utilizing real-time PCR for the detection of type A influenza virus (H1N1 subtype) in humans.
Methods
A total of 2000 mixed nasal/throat swab specimens collected in commercial viral transport from Apollo hospitals, Hyderabad were submitted to Institute of Preventive Medicine for molecular testing by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from 2009 to 2015 from its affiliated primary care clinics.
Results
Among the 2000 samples collected, 700 samples were positive for Human Inf A, swine Inf A, and Swine Inf H1 (fourth table in the article). One thousand two hundred samples were negative for Human Inf A, swine Inf A, and Swine Inf H1, and 100 samples were positive for Influenza A only.
Conclusion
The molecular testing of H1N1 patients helped the clinicians in timely diagnosis and treatment of these patients during the pandemic surveillance. The RT-PCR test has higher sensitivity and specificity; hence it is considered to be the best tool to use during the pandemic surveillance, as compared to the any other commercial antigen-based tests, which show a variable performance, with the sensitivities of tests from different manufacturers ranging from 9 to 77%.
Impact of covid 19 vaccination on reduction of covid-19 cases and deaths duri...Bhoj Raj Singh
The presentation details the analytical results of the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the number of cases and number of deaths due to COVID-19 in India and at the global level. The presentation also discussed the ways to control the COVID-19 and the role of Herd-Immunity.
Right now the whole world is facing the covid-19 pandemic, and right now diagnosis and prevention of the spread of disease is the best option we have. This presentation includes methods that are currently in use for the identification of SARS-Co-V 2 / Covid-19. other than currently used methods this presentation also includes potential wearable devices that can be used for early detection of Covid-19.
These slides highlight the approved & widely used vaccines for immunization against COVID-19 (as of end Q1 2021). At the time of writing, there are 3 COVID-19 vaccines that have been granted Emergency Use Authorization by the US FDA, 2 of which are using mRNA platforms.
In this SlideShare, we're covering an overview on RNA technologies and recent applications in the field of life sciences. RNA is the pivotal ‘molecule of life’, involved in almost all aspects of cell biology. Recent successes in mRNA-based vaccines indicate just one of the near-infinite possibilities that RNA technology can offer in life sciences.
In this section of the coronavirus pandemic series, we discuss the current capacity of local healthcare systems and the need for effective treatment options as well as the pathogenesis of the coronavirus. Current treatment options include RNA, monoclonal antibodies (mAb), antibodies, convalescent plasma, and others. Critical stage implications such as cytokine storm and the need for immunomodulatory agents would also be discussed. Therapeutic pathways would are also compared.
Introduction to SARS-CoV-2-Creative BiolabsCandySwift_NY
An ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has raised global concerns. It is identified as the cause of pneumonia with unknown etiology. Since the early outbreak in Wuhan, China, it has subsequently spread to all provinces of China and many other countries. The urgent epidemic situation has spurred the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines. As a leading service provider in the field of biological research and drug discovery, Creative Biolabs provides fast & elaborate therapeutic antibody discovery, drug candidates screening and vaccine development services to help combat this outbreak.
https://sars-cov-2.creative-biolabs.com/novel-coronavirus-sars-cov2.htm
In UK, an observational investigation on vitamin D and COVID-19 risk for Medi...Pubrica
Mendelian Randomization (MR) experiments using the genetic variations associated with serum 25OHD as instrumental variables have been conducted to investigate the causative role of vitamin D in COVID-19 risk.
Continue Reading: https://bit.ly/3fBpMYP
For our services: https://pubrica.com/services/physician-writing-services/orginal-research-article/
Why Pubrica:
When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free | always on Time | 24*7 customer support | Written to international Standard | Unlimited Revisions support | Medical writing Expert | Publication Support | Bio statistical experts | High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44-1618186353
Background
Influenza A viruses are medically significant pathogens responsible for higher mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Swine influenza is known to be caused by influenza A subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2, which are highly contagious, and belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae. Efficient and accurate diagnosis of influenza A in individuals is critical for monitoring of a constantly evolving pandemic. A rapid result is important, because timely treatment can reduce disease severity and duration. Rapid antigen tests were among the first-line diagnostic tools for the detection of pandemic H1N1 (2009) virus infection during the initial outbreak. Current study focuses on the significant approach of the usage of molecular method utilizing real-time PCR for the detection of type A influenza virus (H1N1 subtype) in humans.
Methods
A total of 2000 mixed nasal/throat swab specimens collected in commercial viral transport from Apollo hospitals, Hyderabad were submitted to Institute of Preventive Medicine for molecular testing by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from 2009 to 2015 from its affiliated primary care clinics.
Results
Among the 2000 samples collected, 700 samples were positive for Human Inf A, swine Inf A, and Swine Inf H1 (fourth table in the article). One thousand two hundred samples were negative for Human Inf A, swine Inf A, and Swine Inf H1, and 100 samples were positive for Influenza A only.
Conclusion
The molecular testing of H1N1 patients helped the clinicians in timely diagnosis and treatment of these patients during the pandemic surveillance. The RT-PCR test has higher sensitivity and specificity; hence it is considered to be the best tool to use during the pandemic surveillance, as compared to the any other commercial antigen-based tests, which show a variable performance, with the sensitivities of tests from different manufacturers ranging from 9 to 77%.
Impact of covid 19 vaccination on reduction of covid-19 cases and deaths duri...Bhoj Raj Singh
The presentation details the analytical results of the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the number of cases and number of deaths due to COVID-19 in India and at the global level. The presentation also discussed the ways to control the COVID-19 and the role of Herd-Immunity.
Similar to An integrated genomic surveillance platform reveals multiple introductions and accelerating localization of SARS-CoV-2 into California, USA and worldwide countries
GenomeTrakr: Perspectives on linking internationally - Canada and IRIDA.cafionabrinkman
Talk at GenomeTrakr network meeting Sept 23 2015 in Washington DC. On Canada's open source Integrated Rapid Infectious Disease Analysis (IRIDA) bioinformatics platform - aiding genomic epidemiology analysis for public health agencies with planned open data release and linkage to GenomeTrakr. Discussed perspectives, challenges, solutions for getting more GenomeTrakr participation internationally.
Rapid Impact Assessment of Climatic and Physio-graphic Changes on Flagship G...Arvinder Singh
‘NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MAN AND ENVIRONMENT’October 15 – 16, 2012
Organized by
Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala (Pb.) – 147 002, India
An overview of genomic epidemiology, Canada's IRIDA project for genome-based outbreak investigation, and a breathless romp through the awesome potential of the MinION
New Target Prediction and Visualization Tools Incorporating Open Source Molec...Sean Ekins
SLAS talk 2015 on TB Mobile 2.0 a mobile app using open source fingerprints and Bayesian machine learning algorithm for tuberculosis target prediction.
Use the Harvard Business Case, West Jet Airlines Information Tec.docxjessiehampson
Use the Harvard Business Case, “West Jet Airlines: Information Technology Governance and Corporate Strategy," as the basis for answering the following questions:
What was West Jet’s strategic plan?
What were the main problems faced by the West Jet IT organization?
Discuss how West Jet transformed their IT organizational structure. How was the structure itself realigned? What methods and processes were introduced or removed?
Discuss IT governance models that were considered to enable IT to function more efficiently at West Jet.
How does IT affect a company’s corporate strategy and the overall strategic impact?
Business School, Cespedes, Frank & Kindley, James
Minimum 2 scholarly Articles References.
Minimum of 500 Words, APA Format
Your paper will be submitted to Turnitin software, No plagiarism.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Infection, Genetics and Evolution
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/meegid
Short communication
Genetic diversity and evolution of SARS-CoV-2
Tung Phan⁎
Division of Clinical Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:
Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
Mutations
Genomic diversity
A B S T R A C T
COVID-19 is a viral respiratory illness caused by a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. The World Health
Organization declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak a global public health emergency. We performed genetic
analyses of eighty-six complete or near-complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and revealed many mutations and
deletions on coding and non-coding regions. These observations provided evidence of the genetic diversity and
rapid evolution of this novel coronavirus.
1. The study
A new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is spreading cross the world (Phan,
2020). Since the virus emerged at the seafood wholesale market at the
end of last year (Zhu et al., 2019), the number of infected cases has
been rising dramatically (Velavan and Meyer, 2020). Human-to-human
transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed (Nishiura et al., 2020).
The virus has been detected in bronchoalveolar-lavage (Zhu et al.,
2019), sputum (Lin et al., 2020), saliva (K.K. To et al., 2020), throat
(Bastola et al., 2020) and nasopharyngeal swabs (To et al., 2020).
Nucleotide substitution has been proposed to be one of the most
important mechanisms of viral evolution in nature (Lauring and
Andino, 2010). The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 raises intriguing
questions such as whether its evolution is driven by mutations. To as-
sess the genetic variation, eighty-six complete or near-complete gen-
omes of SARS-CoV-2 were collected from GISAID [https://www.gisaid.
org/]. These SARS-CoV-2 strains were detected in infected patients
from China (50), USA (11), Australia (5), Japan (5), France (4), Sin-
gapore (3), England (2), Taiwan (2), South Korea (1), Belgium (1),
Germany (1), and Vietnam (1). The pair-wise nucleotide sequence
alignment was performed by ClustalX2 (Saitou and Nei, ...
Forest Environment Analysis for the Pandemic HealthJun Steed Huang
The result of our analyses of the 2021 pandemic toll suggest that pesticide residual, annual precipitation, forest coverage, economy development, pet life, etc. have different impacts on toll of each country.
Similar to An integrated genomic surveillance platform reveals multiple introductions and accelerating localization of SARS-CoV-2 into California, USA and worldwide countries (20)
Data Con LA 2022 - Using Google trends data to build product recommendationsData Con LA
Mike Limcaco, Analytics Specialist / Customer Engineer at Google
Measure trends in a particular topic or search term across Google Search across the US down to the city-level. Integrate these data signals into analytic pipelines to drive product, retail, media (video, audio, digital content) recommendations tailored to your audience segment. We'll discuss how Google unique datasets can be used with Google Cloud smart analytic services to process, enrich and surface the most relevant product or content that matches the ever-changing interests of your local customer segment.
Melinda Thielbar, Data Science Practice Lead and Director of Data Science at Fidelity Investments
From corporations to governments to private individuals, most of the AI community has recognized the growing need to incorporate ethics into the development and maintenance of AI models. Much of the current discussion, though, is meant for leaders and managers. This talk is directed to data scientists, data engineers, ML Ops specialists, and anyone else who is responsible for the hands-on, day-to-day of work building, productionalizing, and maintaining AI models. We'll give a short overview of the business case for why technical AI expertise is critical to developing an AI Ethics strategy. Then we'll discuss the technical problems that cause AI models to behave unethically, how to detect problems at all phases of model development, and the tools and techniques that are available to support technical teams in Ethical AI development.
Data Con LA 2022 - Improving disaster response with machine learningData Con LA
Antje Barth, Principal Developer Advocate, AI/ML at AWS & Chris Fregly, Principal Engineer, AI & ML at AWS
The frequency and severity of natural disasters are increasing. In response, governments, businesses, nonprofits, and international organizations are placing more emphasis on disaster preparedness and response. Many organizations are accelerating their efforts to make their data publicly available for others to use. Repositories such as the Registry of Open Data on AWS and Humanitarian Data Exchange contain troves of data available for use by developers, data scientists, and machine learning practitioners. In this session, see how a community of developers came together though the AWS Disaster Response hackathon to build models to support natural disaster preparedness and response.
Data Con LA 2022 - What's new with MongoDB 6.0 and AtlasData Con LA
Sig Narvaez, Executive Solution Architect at MongoDB
MongoDB is now a Developer Data Platform. Come learn what�s new in the 6.0 release and Atlas following all the recent announcements made at MongoDB World 2022. Topics will include
- Atlas Search which combines 3 systems into one (database, search engine, and sync mechanisms) letting you focus on your product's differentiation.
- Atlas Data Federation to seamlessly query, transform, and aggregate data from one or more MongoDB Atlas databases, Atlas Data Lake and AWS S3 buckets
- Queryable Encryption lets you run expressive queries on fully randomized encrypted data to meet the most stringent security requirements
- Relational Migrator which analyzes your existing relational schemas and helps you design a new MongoDB schema.
- And more!
Data Con LA 2022 - Real world consumer segmentationData Con LA
Jaysen Gillespie, Head of Analytics and Data Science at RTB House
1. Shopkick has over 30M downloads, but the userbase is very heterogeneous. Anecdotal evidence indicated a wide variety of users for whom the app holds long-term appeal.
2. Marketing and other teams challenged Analytics to get beyond basic summary statistics and develop a holistic segmentation of the userbase.
3. Shopkick's data science team used SQL and python to gather data, clean data, and then perform a data-driven segmentation using a k-means algorithm.
4. Interpreting the results is more work -- and more fun -- than running the algo itself. We'll discuss how we transform from ""segment 1"", ""segment 2"", etc. to something that non-analytics users (Marketing, Operations, etc.) could actually benefit from.
5. So what? How did team across Shopkick change their approach given what Analytics had discovered.
Data Con LA 2022 - Modernizing Analytics & AI for today's needs: Intuit Turbo...Data Con LA
Ravi Pillala, Chief Data Architect & Distinguished Engineer at Intuit
TurboTax is one of the well known consumer software brand which at its peak serves 385K+ concurrent users. In this session, We start with looking at how user behavioral data & tax domain events are captured in real time using the event bus and analyzed to drive real time personalization with various TurboTax data pipelines. We will also look at solutions performing analytics which make use of these events, with the help of Kafka, Apache Flink, Apache Beam, Spark, Amazon S3, Amazon EMR, Redshift, Athena and Amazon lambda functions. Finally, we look at how SageMaker is used to create the TurboTax model to predict if a customer is at risk or needs help.
Data Con LA 2022 - Moving Data at Scale to AWSData Con LA
George Mansoor, Chief Information Systems Officer at California State University
Overview of the CSU Data Architecture on moving on-prem ERP data to the AWS Cloud at scale using Delphix for Data Replication/Virtualization and AWS Data Migration Service (DMS) for data extracts
Data Con LA 2022 - Collaborative Data Exploration using Conversational AIData Con LA
Anand Ranganathan, Chief AI Officer at Unscrambl
Conversational AI is getting more and more widely used for customer support and employee support use-cases. In this session, I'm going to talk about how it can be extended for data analysis and data science use-cases ... i.e., how users can interact with a bot to ask analytical questions on data in relational databases.
This allows users to explore complex datasets using a combination of text and voice questions, in natural language, and then get back results in a combination of natural language and visualizations. Furthermore, it allows collaborative exploration of data by a group of users in a channel in platforms like Microsoft Teams, Slack or Google Chat.
For example, a group of users in a channel can ask questions to a bot in plain English like ""How many cases of Covid were there in the last 2 months by state and gender"" or ""Why did the number of deaths from Covid increase in May 2022"", and jointly look at the results that come back. This facilitates data awareness, data-driven collaboration and joint decision making among teams in enterprises and outside.
In this talk, I'll describe how we can bring together various features including natural-language understanding, NL-to-SQL translation, dialog management, data story-telling, semantic modeling of data and augmented analytics to facilitate collaborate exploration of data using conversational AI.
Data Con LA 2022 - Why Database Modernization Makes Your Data Decisions More ...Data Con LA
Anil Inamdar, VP & Head of Data Solutions at Instaclustr
The most modernized enterprises utilize polyglot architecture, applying the best-suited database technologies to each of their organization's particular use cases. To successfully implement such an architecture, though, you need a thorough knowledge of the expansive NoSQL data technologies now available.
Attendees of this Data Con LA presentation will come away with:
-- A solid understanding of the decision-making process that should go into vetting NoSQL technologies and how to plan out their data modernization initiatives and migrations.
-- They will learn the types of functionality that best match the strengths of NoSQL key-value stores, graph databases, columnar databases, document-type databases, time-series databases, and more.
-- Attendees will also understand how to navigate database technology licensing concerns, and to recognize the types of vendors they'll encounter across the NoSQL ecosystem. This includes sniffing out open-core vendors that may advertise as “open source,"" but are driven by a business model that hinges on achieving proprietary lock-in.
-- Attendees will also learn to determine if vendors offer open-code solutions that apply restrictive licensing, or if they support true open source technologies like Hadoop, Cassandra, Kafka, OpenSearch, Redis, Spark, and many more that offer total portability and true freedom of use.
Data Con LA 2022 - Intro to Data ScienceData Con LA
Zia Khan, Computer Systems Analyst and Data Scientist at LearningFuze
Data Science tutorial is designed for people who are new to Data Science. This is a beginner level session so no prior coding or technical knowledge is required. Just bring your laptop with WiFi capability. The session starts with a review of what is data science, the amount of data we generate and how companies are using that data to get insight. We will pick a business use case, define the data science process, followed by hands-on lab using python and Jupyter notebook. During the hands-on portion we will work with pandas, numpy, matplotlib and sklearn modules and use a machine learning algorithm to approach the business use case.
Data Con LA 2022 - How are NFTs and DeFi Changing EntertainmentData Con LA
Mariana Danilovic, Managing Director at Infiom, LLC
We will address:
(1) Community creation and engagement using tokens and NFTs
(2) Organization of DAO structures and ways to incentivize Web3 communities
(3) DeFi business models applied to Web3 ventures
(4) Why Metaverse matters for new entertainment and community engagement models.
Data Con LA 2022 - Why Data Quality vigilance requires an End-to-End, Automat...Data Con LA
Curtis ODell, Global Director Data Integrity at Tricentis
Join me to learn about a new end-to-end data testing approach designed for modern data pipelines that fills dangerous gaps left by traditional data management tools—one designed to handle structured and unstructured data from any source. You'll hear how you can use unique automation technology to reach up to 90 percent test coverage rates and deliver trustworthy analytical and operational data at scale. Several real world use cases from major banks/finance, insurance, health analytics, and Snowflake examples will be presented.
Key Learning Objective
1. Data journeys are complex and you have to ensure integrity of the data end to end across this journey from source to end reporting for compliance
2. Data Management tools do not test data, they profile and monitor at best, and leave serious gaps in your data testing coverage
3. Automation with integration to DevOps and DataOps' CI/CD processes are key to solving this.
4. How this approach has impact in your vertical
Data Con LA 2022-Perfect Viral Ad prediction of Superbowl 2022 using Tease, T...Data Con LA
Arif Ansari, Professor at University of Southern California
Super Bowl Ad cost $7 million and each year a few Super Bowl ads go viral. The traditional A/B testing does not predict virality. Some highly shared ones reach over 60 million organic views, which can be more valuable than views on TV. Not only are these voluntary, but they are typically without distraction, and win viewer engagement in the form of likes, comments, or shares. A Super Bowl ad that wins 69 million views on YouTube (e.g., Alexa Mind Reader) costs less than 10 cents per quality view! However, the challenge is triggering virality. We developed a method to predict virality and engineer virality into Ads.
1. Prof. Gerard J. Tellis and co-authors recommended that advertisers use YouTube to tease, test, and tweak (TTT) their ads to maximize sharing and viewing. 2022 saw that maxim put into practice.
2. We developed viral Ads prediction using two scientific models:
a. Prof. Gerard Tellis et al.'s model for viral prediction
b. Deep Learning viral prediction using social media effect
3. The model was able to identify all the top 15 Viral Ads it performed better than the traditional agencies.
4. New proposed method is Tease, Test, Tweak, Target and Spots Ad.
Data Con LA 2022- Embedding medical journeys with machine learning to improve...Data Con LA
Jai Bansal, Senior Manager, Data Science at Aetna
This talk describes an internal data product called Member Embeddings that facilitates modeling of member medical journeys with machine learning.
Medical claims are the key data source we use to understand health journeys at Aetna. Claims are the data artifacts that result from our members' interactions with the healthcare system. Claims contain data like the amount the provider billed, the place of service, and provider specialty. The primary medical information in a claim is represented in codes that indicate the diagnoses, procedures, or drugs for which a member was billed. These codes give us a semi-structured view into the medical reason for each claim and so contain rich information about members' health journeys. However, since the codes themselves are categorical and high-dimensional (10K cardinality), it's challenging to extract insight or predictive power directly from the raw codes on a claim.
To transform claim codes into a more useful format for machine learning, we turned to the concept of embeddings. Word embeddings are widely used in natural language processing to provide numeric vector representations of individual words.
We use a similar approach with our claims data. We treat each claim code as a word or token and use embedding algorithms to learn lower-dimensional vector representations that preserve the original high-dimensional semantic meaning.
This process converts the categorical features into dense numeric representations. In our case, we use sequences of anonymized member claim diagnosis, procedure, and drug codes as training data. We tested a variety of algorithms to learn embeddings for each type of claim code.
We found that the trained embeddings showed relationships between codes that were reasonable from the point of view of subject matter experts. In addition, using the embeddings to predict future healthcare-related events outperformed other basic features, making this tool an easy way to improve predictive model performance and save data scientist time.
Data Con LA 2022 - Data Streaming with KafkaData Con LA
Jie Chen, Manager Advisory, KPMG
Data is the new oil. However, many organizations have fragmented data in siloed line of businesses. In this topic, we will focus on identifying the legacy patterns and their limitations and introducing the new patterns packed by Kafka's core design ideas. The goal is to tirelessly pursue better solutions for organizations to overcome the bottleneck in data pipelines and modernize the digital assets for ready to scale their businesses. In summary, we will walk through three uses cases, recommend Dos and Donts, Take aways for Data Engineers, Data Scientist, Data architect in developing forefront data oriented skills.
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
Explore our comprehensive data analysis project presentation on predicting product ad campaign performance. Learn how data-driven insights can optimize your marketing strategies and enhance campaign effectiveness. Perfect for professionals and students looking to understand the power of data analysis in advertising. for more details visit: https://bostoninstituteofanalytics.org/data-science-and-artificial-intelligence/
Levelwise PageRank with Loop-Based Dead End Handling Strategy : SHORT REPORT ...Subhajit Sahu
Abstract — Levelwise PageRank is an alternative method of PageRank computation which decomposes the input graph into a directed acyclic block-graph of strongly connected components, and processes them in topological order, one level at a time. This enables calculation for ranks in a distributed fashion without per-iteration communication, unlike the standard method where all vertices are processed in each iteration. It however comes with a precondition of the absence of dead ends in the input graph. Here, the native non-distributed performance of Levelwise PageRank was compared against Monolithic PageRank on a CPU as well as a GPU. To ensure a fair comparison, Monolithic PageRank was also performed on a graph where vertices were split by components. Results indicate that Levelwise PageRank is about as fast as Monolithic PageRank on the CPU, but quite a bit slower on the GPU. Slowdown on the GPU is likely caused by a large submission of small workloads, and expected to be non-issue when the computation is performed on massive graphs.
Opendatabay - Open Data Marketplace.pptxOpendatabay
Opendatabay.com unlocks the power of data for everyone. Open Data Marketplace fosters a collaborative hub for data enthusiasts to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets.
First ever open hub for data enthusiasts to collaborate and innovate. A platform to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets. Through robust quality control and innovative technologies like blockchain verification, opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of datasets, empowering users to make data-driven decisions with confidence. Leverage cutting-edge AI technologies to enhance the data exploration, analysis, and discovery experience.
From intelligent search and recommendations to automated data productisation and quotation, Opendatabay AI-driven features streamline the data workflow. Finding the data you need shouldn't be a complex. Opendatabay simplifies the data acquisition process with an intuitive interface and robust search tools. Effortlessly explore, discover, and access the data you need, allowing you to focus on extracting valuable insights. Opendatabay breaks new ground with a dedicated, AI-generated, synthetic datasets.
Leverage these privacy-preserving datasets for training and testing AI models without compromising sensitive information. Opendatabay prioritizes transparency by providing detailed metadata, provenance information, and usage guidelines for each dataset, ensuring users have a comprehensive understanding of the data they're working with. By leveraging a powerful combination of distributed ledger technology and rigorous third-party audits Opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of every dataset. Security is at the core of Opendatabay. Marketplace implements stringent security measures, including encryption, access controls, and regular vulnerability assessments, to safeguard your data and protect your privacy.
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
Graph algorithms, like PageRank Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) is an adjacency-list based graph representation that is
Multiply with different modes (map)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector multiply.
2. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector multiply.
Sum with different storage types (reduce)
1. Performance of vector element sum using float vs bfloat16 as the storage type.
Sum with different modes (reduce)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector element sum.
2. Performance of memcpy vs in-place based CUDA based vector element sum.
3. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (memcpy).
4. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Sum with in-place strategies of CUDA mode (reduce)
1. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTES
An integrated genomic surveillance platform reveals multiple introductions and accelerating localization of SARS-CoV-2 into California, USA and worldwide countries
1. An integrated genomic surveillance platform reveals
multiple introductions and accelerating localization of
SARS-CoV-2 into California, USA and worldwide countries
Lishuang Shen
Xiaowu Gai
Dien Bard J, Biegel JA, Judkins AR, and CPM team
DATA Con LA 2020
October 23, 2020
4. 4
CARD - A CHLA platform of SARS-CoV-2 data for genomic surveillance
Website: SARS-CoV 2 & COVID-19 Resource https://covid19.cpmbiodev.net/
5. Website: https://covid19.cpmbiodev.net/
Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Collaborating hospitals and institutes
CHLA, CHOP, TCH, etc
Extraction and library
preparation
Next-generation Seq.
Bioinformatics
Consensus, Variants
Clinical data management
& merging,
standardization
Merged and Standardized
Meta data
CARD - Children’s Hospital Los Angeles COVID-19
Analysis Research Database (MySQL) and Website
Genomic Data
Phenotype-guided variant prioritization
classification and interpretation
( i.e. Quick-Mitome, Exomiser, ANNOVAR)
Virus Bowser Search
Following ACMG Guidelines for variant
classification and interpretation
(i.e. ClinGen Variant Curation Interface,
Cartagenia, Golden Helix)
Public data repositories with COVID-19
patient and sequencing data
GISAID, GenBank, CNCB
Retrieve Consensus
genome assembly
Bioinformatics
Consensus, Variants
Clinical data management &
merging, standardization
Merged and Standardized
Meta data
Children’s Pathology Consortium CPC Cloud
Public and Controlled Access
CARD Web CPC Cloud
Group
CARD API Offline
Share
CARD - A CHLA platform of SARS-CoV-2 data for genomic surveillance
6. 6
▪ Data content in CARD
1. Global: About 145,000 strains (10/12/2020)
2. 25,000 variants
3. 145,000+ genome sequences -- 28,000 publicly accessible (non-GISAID)
a. 24,000+ USA sequences
b. 5,000 California source
c. 1,100 Los Angeles strains from patients
d. 750 CHLA internal strains
▪ Tools in CARD:
1. Virus Genome Tracker – Virus temporal -spatial transmission inference and tracing tool, find
and visualize the most similar strains from global collection,, quickly place external new
strain onto national and global virus phylogenetic tree context
2. Web-portal to global and local virus strain & genome data
3. Fully cross-linking patient – virus strain – mutation – phylogenetic clade information
4. Phylogenetic Analysis & Visualization: Global, USA, time series
5. SARS-CoV-2 Genome Browser
Reference: Shen L, Maglinte DT, Ostrow D, Pandey U, Bootwalla M et al (2020). Children's Hospital Los Angeles COVID-19 Analysis Research
Database (CARD) -A Resource for Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Genome Identification Using Interactive Online Phylogenetic Tools. bioRxiv
https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.11.089763
CARD Resource Status
7. 7
CARD- CHLA Resources of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2
Virus strains, Demographic Data
▪ .
▪
Composite
precise filter
CHLA samples
8. 8
▪ .
CARD- CHLA Resources of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2
Virus strains, Demographic Data
9. 9
Virus Genome Tracker – Genomic Surveillance by Genome and
Haplotype Comparison
FASTA Align
SNP calling
Genome Comp. Report
SNP Function Annot
Population Frequency
10. 10
Genome Gene, &
SNP Browser
Global virus strains of
top similarity
Link to their Phylo.
Tree Visualization
Virus Genome Tracker – Genomic Surveillance by Genome and
Haplotype Comparison
11. 11
Virus Genome Tracker – Highlight Matches on Global/USA
Phylogenetic Tree
Highlight virus by levels of
similarity in zoom-in subtree
12. Comprehensive genomic and epidemiological analysis
of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from Los Angeles, California,
USA and the World
13. 13
Genome Analysis of 6,000 USA Isolates Reveals Haplotype Signatures
and Localized Transmission Patterns by State and by Country
▪ Global and USA SARS-CoV-2 Sequence Data
1. The CHLA internal SARS-CoV-2 sequencing data were generated using the SARS-CoV-2
whole genome sequencing research assay, established by the CHLA Center for
Personalized Medicine and the Virology Laboratory.
2. The major external resources of SARS-CoV-2 strains, genome sequences, and variants
were GISAID, GenBank, CNCB, and NextStrain.
3. 6,356 USA isolates (February till Early May, 2020)
▪ Sequence Alignment, Variant Calling, Haplotype Analysis, Evolutionary analysis
1. Viral genome comparison and variant calling with MUMmer version 4.0.12 (Marçais et al)
2. Data management: MySQL database at CHLA COVID-19 Analysis Research Database
(CARD)
3. Haplotype analysis with SQL queries and custom scripts. Country and State-private
(within USA) haplotypes and variants were identified
4. Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) with MAFFT (version 7.460)
5. MSA was analyzed with IQ-TREE (v1.6.12) and MEGA-X for evolutionary history inference.
6. A Maximum likelihood tree was generated using GTR substitution model.
7. The evolutionary rate estimation and phylogeny was time-resolved using TreeTime
8. Visualization online using auspice (Nexstrain ), or Archaeopteryx.js .
9. Workflow control: snakemake, implemented in Nexstrain command line version
Reference:
Shen L, Dien Bard J, Biegel JA, Judkins AR, Gai X. (2020). Comprehensive genome analysis of 6,000 USA SARS-CoV-2 isolates reveals haplotype signatures and localized transmission patterns by state
and by country. Frontier in Microbiology https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.573430
Shen L, Dien Bard J, Biegel JA, Judkins AR, Gai X. (2020). Comprehensive variant and haplotype landscape of 50,000 global SARS-CoV-2 isolates. bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.09.193722
14. 14
▪ Results:
1. Globally, ~50,500 isolate genomes from GISAID, GenBank, CHLA, and other
sources (as of June 18, 2020)
2. 6,070 variants and 2,513 haplotypes were detected in at least three isolates
3. 1,583 country-private variants from 10,238 isolates (20.6%)
4. 22,171 (45.8%) isolates carried country-private haplotypes, mostly singletons. 807
country-private haplotypes (5x) in 8,656 isolates from 39 countries
5. The localization of the variant haplotypes profiles were accelerating: 28.2-29.6% in
January to March, 46.4% and 59.6% in April and May, co-occurring with global
travel restrictions
6. Evidence supporting positive (orf3a, orf8, S genes) and purifying (M gene)
selections
Reference: Shen L, Dien Bard J, Biegel JA, Judkins AR, Gai X. (2020). Comprehensive variant and haplotype landscape of 50,000 global SARS-CoV-2
isolates. bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.09.193722
Comprehensive haplotype landscapes of 50,500 global SARS-CoV-2
isolates - accelerating accumulation of country-private variant profiles
17. 17
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of representative isolates
carrying Country-private or non-private haplotypes from the global
isolates.
UK-private isolates in red,
USA in blue, other country green,
non- country-private in black
D614G
19. 19
Country-private recurrent variants present in 3 or more isolates
Country_exposure Variants Isolates % Isolate country Isolates country total
UK 896 6142 27.8322 22068
USA 329 2166 20.8229 10402
Australia 52 428 19.7326 2169
India 43 232 25 928
Netherlands 34 206 12.8349 1605
China 39 197 24.5636 802
Spain 24 108 7.0959 1522
Iceland 12 82 13.7584 596
Canada 14 57 6.5068 876
Portugal 8 54 8.3981 643
Denmark 9 50 6.7476 741
Luxembourg 13 46 16.9742 271
France 9 39 10.1299 385
Congo 5 36 27.0677 133
Singapore 10 35 9.1146 384
20. 20
Country private haplotypes present in 5 or more isolates
Country Haplotypes Strains Strains_in_country % Strains in country
UK 464 4942 22068 22.3944
USA 166 1728 10397 16.6202
Australia 32 356 2169 16.4131
Netherlands 26 234 1592 14.6985
Iceland 11 187 596 31.3758
Spain 10 107 1528 7.0026
Portugal 12 99 643 15.3966
Canada 9 72 876 8.2192
Thailand 5 69 203 33.9901
India 9 59 928 6.3578
Belgium 6 44 788 5.5838
Denmark 3 43 741 5.803
Singapore 3 43 384 11.1979
21. California in the first 9 months of the COVID-19
pandemic – the comprehensive transmission and
haplotype landscapes of 4,400 California SARS-CoV-2
isolates
22. 22
California SARS-CoV-2 genome data analysis
▪ Results:
1. 4416 California isolate genomes from CHLA (700+), GISAID, GenBank, and other
sources (as of October 10, 2020)
2. Los Angeles (LA) isolates distributed in most major clades, and largely absent
from some major UK/Europe clades
3. Los Angeles isolate from CHLA and non-CHLA sources are generally mixed in tree.
4. Los Angeles and neighboring Orange County have distinct isolate haplotypes.
5. San Diego and the neighboring Imperial County shared relative compact clusters.
The proportions of the clades are different from other CA areas.
6. The early date isolates were clustered around S/19A clade. The sources were
mainly from Northern California Bay Area (San Jose, San Francisco, and San
Joaquin County).
7. California had a high 82% isolates carrying state-private (in USA) haplotypes. New
York/New Jersey area had 56% (866 of 1543 isolates)
24. Questions
California isolates and closely-related non-California isolates
Branch Length by TIME
Spike Protein
S:D614G A23403G
Inferred divergence date:
2020-01-16
CI: 2019-12-09, 2020-01-19
26. 26
CHLA in blue, other LA in light blue, other USA in dark blue,
UK light green, San Francisco and Santa Clara in purple,
San Diego in yellow-green, Orange country in yellow highlight, other California in red
UK and other countries in green, all others in black
Global backbone and California isolate phylogenetic tree
27. Questions
Clade proportion by location changed overtime:
initial stage till March 31 (left), lockdown stage till June 15
(middle), post lockdown stage since June 16 (right)
Initial stage Lockdown stage Post-lockdown stage
Questions
Initial stage Lockdown stage Post-lockdown stage
28. Los Angeles 1058 isolates: CHLA (773, blue, yellow), CSMC (Cedars-
Sinai Medical Center, 144, light blue), and UCLA (141, grey)
Spike Protein
S:D614G A23403G
Inferred divergence date:
2020-01-16
CI: 2019-12-09, 2020-01-19
29. Los Angeles 1058 isolates: CHLA (773, blue, yellow), CSMC (Cedars-
Sinai Medical Center, 144, light blue), and UCLA (141, grey)
34. Questions
Orange County (orange color) ), Los Angeles (purple), San
Francisco (red), and San Diego (green) X-axis by collection date
35. Questions
Orange County (orange color) ), Los Angeles (purple), San
Francisco (red), and San Diego (green) X-axis by mutation
36. Questions
Diamond Princess Cruise, California, transmission to India and multiple
countries, or from a cryptic inferred ancestor haplotype
Diamond Princess
Cruise
37. Questions
Diamond Princess Cruise, California, transmission to India and multiple
countries, or from a cryptic inferred ancestor haplotype
43. 43
Acknowledgement
▪ Software and Tools:
▪ Nextstrain team
▪ Mummer
▪ Mafft
▪ MEGA-X
▪ The phylogenetic tree is rendered
with Archaeopteryx.js
▪ Genome visualization: JBrowse
▪ Data Sources:
▪ The SARS-CoV2 genomes and meta data were
generously shared via GISAID, GenBank, and China
National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB) .
▪ We gratefully acknowledge the Authors, Originating
and Submitting laboratories of the genetic sequence
and metadata made available through GISAID,
GenBank and CNCB on which this research is based.
People:
•Alexander Judkins
•Timothy Triche
•Jaclyn Biegel
•Jennifer Dien Bard
•Dejerianne (Gigi) Ostrow
•Utsav Pandey
•Dennis Maglinte
•Moiz Bootwalla
•Alex Ryutov
•David Ruble
•Jennifer Han
•Ananthanarayanan
Govindarajan
•James Done
•Ryan Schmidt