The document discusses the concepts of intertextuality and allusion in novels, highlighting their definitions and differences. Intertextuality involves references to other texts, enhancing the core narrative through various types, while allusion serves as a brief, often symbolic reference. It emphasizes the effects of these literary devices on authorial style, assumed knowledge between reader and writer, and the richness they add to the text.

1. Allusions and
Intertextuality
In Novels

2. Learning Intention: I can
identify and apply the
concept of intertextuality
to novels.

3. Intertextuality Vs. Allusion
• Intertextuality
• A reference to other texts within a text. This allows the core text to
draw on a much broader range of connotations than if it simply
created its own world and language.
The referenced texts can be novels, films, comics, songs,
advertisements, anything from popular culture, mythology or history.
• Allusion
• An expression that calls attention to something without explicitly
mentioning it, often called a ‘passing reference’.

4. Allusion – 4 Types
• Biblical (A specific type of literary allusion)
• Literary
• Historical
• Cultural (Popular or otherwise)

5. Intertextuality – 8 Types
1. Revision: Changing a text to update it or fit more neatly with the authors goals of
vision for the text.
2. Translation: Changing a text from one language to another.
3. Quotation: Inserting a part of the referenced text into the text being studied.
4. Sources: The text is based on a previous text in plot, characters and other ways,
this can be intended or accidental.
5. Conventions and configurations: The text follows conventions and structures of
certain other types of genre fiction, i.e. Fairy Tales.
6. Genres: The text takes keys and guidance from other texts within the same
genre.
7. Paralogues: Texts that critique, analyse or record the references being made
within the text being studied.
8. Original Intertext: An author creates their own texts to refer to within the base
text.

6. Metaphors
• World Wide Web
• Hyperlink
• In Multimodal texts it may actually be hyperlinked or attest definable

7. The difference
• Allusions can be made accidentally, are brief and do not directly
reference the core text, (more often used like a symbol – used once)
• An intertextual reference cannot be made accidentally, can be more
consistently applied (more often used like a motif, used frequently)

8. Effect 1: Authorial Style
• The first thing to considered is the degree to which an author chooses
to reference or not reference other texts.
1) Many References
2) No references
3) Original References
• For example J.R.R. Tolkien

9. Effect 2: Presumed knowledge
• Like the persuasive technique inclusive language, intertextual
references, but even more so allusions make connections between
the writer and the reader. You feel privileged and ‘in the know’
because you have processed and understood an allusion that the
author has made. This may give you the sense that the story has been
written for you.

10. Effect 3: Richer text
• Allusions and intertextual references allow for a much richer range of
understandings to be included within one text.
• Similar to connotations, allusion and intertextual references draw on
a wider range of imagery and ideas than simple routine writing. In a
moment you can take the reader from one fantasy location to another
with the simple mention of a key phrase or text title.

11. Three key communications
1) About the characters in the base text
2) About the author who created the text and their intellectual and
cultural milieu
3) About the setting or time period of the text

12. The End:
Go out and seek examples of
this literary device and
consider what they
communicate